1
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Lewis GD, Li G, Guo J, Yu SF, Fields CT, Lee G, Zhang D, Dragovich PS, Pillow T, Wei B, Sadowsky J, Leipold D, Wilson T, Kamath A, Mamounas M, Lee MV, Saad O, Choeurng V, Ungewickell A, Monemi S, Crocker L, Kalinsky K, Modi S, Jung KH, Hamilton E, LoRusso P, Krop I, Schutten MM, Commerford R, Sliwkowski MX, Cho E. The HER2-directed antibody-drug conjugate DHES0815A in advanced and/or metastatic breast cancer: preclinical characterization and phase 1 trial results. Nat Commun 2024; 15:466. [PMID: 38212321 PMCID: PMC10784567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Approved antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for HER2-positive breast cancer include trastuzumab emtansine and trastuzumab deruxtecan. To develop a differentiated HER2 ADC, we chose an antibody that does not compete with trastuzumab or pertuzumab for binding, conjugated to a reduced potency PBD (pyrrolobenzodiazepine) dimer payload. PBDs are potent cytotoxic agents that alkylate and cross-link DNA. In our study, the PBD dimer is modified to alkylate, but not cross-link DNA. This HER2 ADC, DHES0815A, demonstrates in vivo efficacy in models of HER2-positive and HER2-low cancers and is well-tolerated in cynomolgus monkey safety studies. Mechanisms of action include induction of DNA damage and apoptosis, activity in non-dividing cells, and bystander activity. A dose-escalation study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03451162) in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, with the primary objective of evaluating the safety and tolerability of DHES0815A and secondary objectives of characterizing the pharmacokinetics, objective response rate, duration of response, and formation of anti-DHES0815A antibodies, is reported herein. Despite early signs of anti-tumor activity, patients at higher doses develop persistent, non-resolvable dermal, ocular, and pulmonary toxicities, which led to early termination of the phase 1 trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail D Lewis
- Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Guangmin Li
- Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jun Guo
- Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Genee Lee
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas Pillow
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - BinQing Wei
- Computational Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jack Sadowsky
- Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Carmot Therapeutics, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Leipold
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tim Wilson
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amrita Kamath
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Mamounas
- Project Team Leadership, Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Violet Lee
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ola Saad
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sharareh Monemi
- Early Clinical Development, Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Crocker
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Kalinsky
- Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shanu Modi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyung Hae Jung
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Erika Hamilton
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Ian Krop
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Melissa M Schutten
- Safety Assessment Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
- SeaGen, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Renee Commerford
- Early Clinical Development, Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - Eunpi Cho
- Early Clinical Development, Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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2
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Phillips GL, Li G, Guo J, Yu SF, Lee G, Zhang D, Dragovich P, Pillow T, Wei B, Lee MV, Saad O, Masih S, Leipold D, Crocker L, Schutten M. Abstract P2-13-33: Preclinical development of DHES0815A: A HER2-directed antibody-drug conjugate comprised of a reduced potency PBD dimer linked to a domain I binding HER2 antibody. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p2-13-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Many HER2-directed antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in early development employ trastuzumab linked to tubulin binding agents as the cytotoxic drug. DHES0815A is an ADC consisting of a THIOMABTM humanized IgG1 anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (hu7C2), which binds domain 1 of the HER2 ECD, conjugated via a disulfide linker to PBD-monoamide (MA), a DNA mono-alkylating agent. The reduced potency of the PBD-MA payload compared to PBD dimers and the stability of the conjugation site and linker were designed to improve tolerability, whereas the binding of hu7C2 to a HER2 epitope distinct from trastuzumab and pertuzumab allows combination with existing HER2 therapies. . Methods: Modifications at one imine in the PBD (pyrrolobenzodiazepine) dimer produced mono-alkylating PBDs that were assessed for DNA binding, permeability and cell potency. Each modified PBD was conjugated to hu7C2 LC K149C via a disulfide linker and assessed in HER2-positive models in vitro and in vivo. Safety studies were performed in female and male cynomolgus monkey treated every 3 weeks X 5, with a 7-week follow-up. Assessments included hematology, clinical chemistry, anti-drug antibody, standard clinical, neurological and ophthalmic exams and histopathology. Results: Our goal was design of a reduced potency PBD dimer ADC to achieve dosing in the linear PK range for optimal exposure, efficacy and safety. PBD dimers contain 2 reactive imines that bis-alkylate and crosslink DNA. Mono-alkylating PBD dimers were assessed in DNA binding, potency and permeability assays to select the optimal mono-alkylator, PBD-MA, for further investigation. hu7C2-disulfide-PBD-MA, or DHES0815A, was potent across HER2-positive breast and gastric cancer models in vitro and in vivo, with little effect on HER2-negative tumors or normal primary cells in vitro. DHES0815A was more potent than T-DM1 in HER2-positive and HER2-low breast and gastric cancer PDX models and demonstrated combination activity with standard of care agents T-DM1 or docetaxel. Mechanistically, treatment of HER2-positive cells with DHES0815A resulted in late S-phase cell cycle arrest; induction of DNA damage markers γH2AX, phospho-p53, phospho-CHK2, induction of apoptosis, and bystander activity. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed dose-proportional PK, with linear biphasic PK >/= 4mg/kg in cynomolgus monkey. Safety studies in cynomolgus monkey treated with 4, 8 or 12 mg/kg demonstrated that findings were non-adverse, monitorable and manageable. All doses were tolerated with few clinical observations and minimal to mild clinical pathology changes. Target organs were skin, bone marrow, lung and eye. The HNSTD (highest non-severely toxic dose) was 12 mg/kg. This dose enabled a starting dose of 0.6 mg/kg for phase 1 testing. Conclusions: DHES0815A is a HER2-directed ADC comprised of a domain I binding antibody linked to a reduced potency PBD dimer, PBD-MA, via a reducible disulfide linker. The antibody does not interfere with trastuzumab or pertuzumab binding, allowing combination with existing HER2 therapies. The reduced potency payload allows dosing in the linear PK range, supporting our hypothesis. DHES0815A demonstrated dose-dependent anti-tumor efficacy in multiple HER2+ breast and gastric cancer models, and showed efficacy in HER2-low models, where T-DM1 was inactive. Enhanced anti-tumor activity was observed combining DHES0815A with T-DM1, trastuzumab/pertuzumab or docetaxel. Studies in cynomolgus monkey demonstrated a safety profile compatible with initiating a phase 1 clinical trial. The phase 1 data will be presented in a separate presentation.
Citation Format: Gail Lewis Phillips, Guangmin Li, Jun Guo, Shang-Fan Yu, Genee Lee, Donglu Zhang, Peter Dragovich, Thomas Pillow, Binqing Wei, M. Violet Lee, Ola Saad, Shab Masih, Douglas Leipold, Lisa Crocker, Melissa Schutten. Preclinical development of DHES0815A: A HER2-directed antibody-drug conjugate comprised of a reduced potency PBD dimer linked to a domain I binding HER2 antibody [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-13-33.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Guo
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ola Saad
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
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3
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Zacharias N, Podust VN, Kajihara KK, Leipold D, Del Rosario G, Thayer D, Dong E, Paluch M, Fischer D, Zheng K, Lei C, He J, Ng C, Su D, Liu L, Masih S, Sawyer W, Tinianow J, Marik J, Yip V, Li G, Chuh J, Morisaki JH, Park S, Zheng B, Hernandez-Barry H, Loyet KM, Xu M, Kozak KR, Phillips GL, Shen BQ, Wu C, Xu K, Yu SF, Kamath A, Rowntree RK, Reilly D, Pillow T, Polson A, Schellenberger V, Hazenbos WLW, Sadowsky J. A homogeneous high-DAR antibody-drug conjugate platform combining THIOMAB antibodies and XTEN polypeptides. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3147-3160. [PMID: 35414872 PMCID: PMC8926172 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05243h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a well-validated modality for the cell-specific delivery of small molecules with impact expanding rapidly beyond their originally-intended purpose of treating cancer. However, antibody-mediated delivery (AMD)...
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir N Podust
- Amunix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2 Tower Place South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | | | | | - Desiree Thayer
- Amunix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2 Tower Place South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Emily Dong
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Maciej Paluch
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - David Fischer
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Kai Zheng
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Corinna Lei
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Jintang He
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Dian Su
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Luna Liu
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | - William Sawyer
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Jeff Tinianow
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Jan Marik
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Victor Yip
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Guangmin Li
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Josefa Chuh
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | - Summer Park
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Bing Zheng
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | - Kelly M Loyet
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Min Xu
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | | | - Ben-Quan Shen
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Cong Wu
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Amrita Kamath
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | | | - Thomas Pillow
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Andrew Polson
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | | | - Jack Sadowsky
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
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4
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Yu SF, Lee DW, Zheng B, Del Rosario G, Leipold D, Booler H, Zhong F, Carrasco-Triguero M, Hong K, Yan P, Rowntree RK, Schutten MM, Pillow T, Sadowsky JD, Dragovich PS, Polson AG. An Anti-CD22- seco-CBI-Dimer Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) for the Treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma That Provides a Longer Duration of Response than Auristatin-Based ADCs in Preclinical Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:340-346. [PMID: 33273056 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We are interested in developing a second generation of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that could provide a longer duration of response and be more effective in indolent NHL than the microtubule-inhibiting ADCs pinatuzumab vedotin [anti-CD22-vc-monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE)] and polatuzumab vedotin (anti-CD79b-vc-MMAE). Pinatuzumab vedotin (anti-CD22-vc-MMAE) and polatuzumab vedotin (anti-CD79b-vc-MMAE) are ADCs that contain the microtubule inhibitor MMAE. Clinical trial data suggest that these ADCs have promising efficacy for the treatment of NHL; however, some patients do not respond or become resistant to the ADCs. We tested an anti-CD22 ADC with a seco-CBI-dimer payload, thio-Hu anti-CD22-(LC:K149C)-SN36248, and compared it with pinatuzumab vedotin for its efficacy and duration of response in xenograft models and its ability to deplete normal B cells in cynomolgus monkeys. We found that anti-CD22-(LC:K149C)-SN36248 was effective in xenograft models resistant to pinatuzumab vedotin, gave a longer duration of response, had a different mechanism of resistance, and was able to deplete normal B cells better than pinatuzumab vedotin. These studies provide evidence that anti-CD22-(LC:K149C)-SN36248 has the potential for longer duration of response and more efficacy in indolent NHL than MMAE ADCs and may provide the opportunity to improve outcomes for patients with NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Fan Yu
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Donna W Lee
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Bing Zheng
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Douglas Leipold
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Helen Booler
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Fiona Zhong
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Kyu Hong
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Peter Yan
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Rebecca K Rowntree
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Melissa M Schutten
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas Pillow
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jack D Sadowsky
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Peter S Dragovich
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew G Polson
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California.
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5
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Li C, Zhang C, Deng R, Leipold D, Li D, Latifi B, Gao Y, Zhang C, Li Z, Miles D, Chen SC, Samineni D, Wang B, Agarwal P, Lu D, Prabhu S, Girish S, Kamath AV. Prediction of Human Pharmacokinetics of Antibody-Drug Conjugates From Nonclinical Data. Clin Transl Sci 2019; 12:534-544. [PMID: 31115997 PMCID: PMC6742937 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediction of human pharmacokinetics (PK) based on preclinical information for antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) provide important insight into first‐in‐human (FIH) study design. This retrospective analysis was conducted to identify an appropriate scaling method to predict human PK for ADCs from animal PK data in the linear range. Different methods for projecting human clearance (CL) from animal PK data for 11 ADCs exhibiting linear PK over the tested dose ranges were examined: multiple species allometric scaling (CL vs. body weight), allometric scaling with correction factors, allometric scaling based on rule of exponent, and scaling from only cynomolgus monkey PK data. Two analytes of interest for ADCs, namely total antibody and conjugate (measured as conjugated drug or conjugated antibody), were assessed. Percentage prediction errors (PEs) and residual sum of squares (RSS) were compared across methods. Human CL was best estimated using cynomolgus monkey PK data alone and an allometric scaling exponent of 1.0 for CL. This was consistently observed for both conjugate and total antibody analytes. Other scaling methods either underestimated or overestimated human CL, or produced larger average absolute PEs and RSS. Human concentration‐time profiles were also reasonably predicted from the cynomolgus monkey data using species‐invariant time method with a fixed exponent of 1.0 for CL and 1.0 for volume of distribution. In conclusion, results from this retrospective analysis of 11 ADCs indicate that allometric scaling of CL with an exponent of 1.0 using cynomolgus monkey PK data alone can successfully project human PK profiles of an ADC within linear range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunze Li
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cindy Zhang
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rong Deng
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Dongwei Li
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Yuying Gao
- Certara USA, Inc., Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Crystal Zhang
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zao Li
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dale Miles
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Bei Wang
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Priya Agarwal
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dan Lu
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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Su D, Chen J, Cosino E, dela Cruz-Chuh J, Davis H, Del Rosario G, Figueroa I, Goon L, He J, Kamath AV, Kaur S, Kozak KR, Lau J, Lee D, Lee MV, Leipold D, Liu L, Liu P, Lu GL, Nelson C, Ng C, Pillow TH, Polakis P, Polson AG, Rowntree RK, Saad O, Safina B, Stagg NJ, Tercel M, Vandlen R, Vollmar BS, Wai J, Wang T, Wei B, Xu K, Xue J, Xu Z, Yan G, Yao H, Yu SF, Zhang D, Zhong F, Dragovich PS. Antibody–Drug Conjugates Derived from Cytotoxic seco-CBI-Dimer Payloads Are Highly Efficacious in Xenograft Models and Form Protein Adducts In Vivo. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1356-1370. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Su
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jinhua Chen
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Ely Cosino
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Helen Davis
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Isabel Figueroa
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Leanne Goon
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jintang He
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Amrita V. Kamath
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Surinder Kaur
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R. Kozak
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeffrey Lau
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donna Lee
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - M. Violet Lee
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Douglas Leipold
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Luna Liu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peter Liu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guo-Liang Lu
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Chris Nelson
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H. Pillow
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Paul Polakis
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andrew G. Polson
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rebecca K. Rowntree
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ola Saad
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brian Safina
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicola J. Stagg
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Moana Tercel
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard Vandlen
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Breanna S. Vollmar
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Wai
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Tao Wang
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - BinQing Wei
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Juanjuan Xue
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Zijin Xu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Gang Yan
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Hui Yao
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Fiona Zhong
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peter S. Dragovich
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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7
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Stewart AK, Krishnan AY, Singhal S, Boccia RV, Patel MR, Niesvizky R, Chanan-Khan AA, Ailawadhi S, Brumm J, Mundt KE, Hong K, McBride J, Shon-Nguyen Q, Xiao Y, Ramakrishnan V, Polson AG, Samineni D, Leipold D, Humke EW, McClellan JS, Berdeja JG. Phase I study of the anti-FcRH5 antibody-drug conjugate DFRF4539A in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2019; 9:17. [PMID: 30718503 PMCID: PMC6362066 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-019-0178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
FcRH5 is a cell surface marker enriched on malignant plasma cells when compared to other hematologic malignancies and normal tissues. DFRF4539A is an anti-FcRH5 antibody-drug conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), a potent anti-mitotic agent. This phase I study assessed safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), anti-tumor activity, and pharmacokinetics of DFRF4539A in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. DFRF4539A was administered at 0.3-2.4 mg/kg every 3 weeks or 0.8-1.1 mg/kg weekly as a single-agent by intravenous infusion to 39 patients. Exposure of total antibody and antibody-conjugate-MMAE analytes was linear across the doses tested. There were 37 (95%) adverse events (AEs), 8 (21%) serious AEs, and 15 (39%) AEs ≥ grade 3. Anemia (n = 10, 26%) was the most common AE considered related to DFRF4539A. Two cases of grade 3 acute renal failure were attributed to DFRF4539A. There were no deaths; the MTD was not reached. DFRF4539A demonstrated limited activity in patients at the doses tested with 2 (5%) partial response, 1 (3%) minimal response, 18 (46%) stable disease, and 16 (41%) progressive disease. FcRH5 was confirmed to be expressed and occupied by antibody post-treatment and thus remains a valid myeloma target. Nevertheless, this MMAE-based antibody-drug-conjugate targeting FcRH5 was unsuccessful for myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Keith Stewart
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Amrita Y Krishnan
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Seema Singhal
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ralph V Boccia
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manish R Patel
- Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarasota, FL, USA.,Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ruben Niesvizky
- Multiple Myeloma Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kyu Hong
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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8
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Leipold D, Prabhu S. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations in the Design of Therapeutic Antibodies. Clin Transl Sci 2018; 12:130-139. [PMID: 30414357 PMCID: PMC6440574 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) through optimizing their pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties is crucial to improve efficacy while minimizing adverse events. Many of these properties are interdependent, which highlights the inherent challenges in therapeutic antibody design, where improving one antibody property can sometimes lead to changes in others. Here, we discuss optimization approaches for PK/PD properties of therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Leipold
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Saileta Prabhu
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
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9
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Moore K, Hamilton EP, Burris HA, Barroilhet LM, Gutierrez M, Wang JS, Patel MR, Birrer MJ, Flanagan WM, Wang Y, Garg A, Lu X, Vaze A, Amin D, Leipold D, Commerford SR, Humke EW, Liu JF. Abstract CT036: Targeting MUC16 with the THIOMABTM-drug conjugate DMUC4064A in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: A phase I expansion study. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-ct036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: MUC16 is a transmembrane protein that is overexpressed by ovarian cancer. DMUC4064A is a cysteine-engineered THIOMABTM drug conjugate (TDC), comprising a humanized anti-MUC16 IgG1 and 2 potent anti-mitotic monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) molecules. THIOMABTM technology allows site-directed drug conjugation yielding a homogeneous drug-antibody ratio. Phase 1 dose escalation results (AACR 2017 abstract CT009) indicated DMUC4064A was well-tolerated with anti-tumor activity in patients with platinum resistant ovarian cancer (PROC) at doses ≥ 3.2 mg/kg. The results from a subsequently enrolled expansion cohort at 5.2 mg/kg are reported here.
Methods: The dose expansion stage of the Phase I study evaluated safety, tolerability, PK, pharmacodynamic, and early activity of DMUC4064A at 5.2 mg/kg IV Q3W in PROC. Tumor tissue was used to assess expression of MUC16. Clinical activity was evaluated per RECIST criteria.
Results: Twenty female patients, median age 62 (51-75 y, ECOG PS 0-1), received a median of 7 doses (range 1-15) of DMUC4064A. Total antibody and antibody-conjugated MMAE (acMMAE) concentrations were bi-phasic, while unconjugated MMAE concentrations were > 150-fold lower than acMMAE concentrations. Accumulation was minimal for all three analytes. The most common (≥ 25%) related AEs were blurred vision (65%), fatigue (40%), nausea (40%), peripheral neuropathy (35%), keratitis (30%), diarrhea (25%), and dry eyes (25%).
Related ocular AEs occurred in 15 (75%) patients, 13 (65%) of whom experienced at least one G2 or G3 event. G3 ocular AEs included keratitis (n=2), blurred vision (n=1) and cataracts (n=1). Among patients with related G2 or G3 ocular events, 77% transiently experienced best corrected visual acuity of ≥ 20/40. Re-wetting drops (87%), dose reductions (60%) and/or steroid drops (40%) were the most commonly implemented treatments. No patients discontinued study due to ocular AEs and all but one of the patients who were dose reduced for ocular AEs recovered to G1 or G2 with manageable ocular AEs and tolerated subsequent redosing with DMUC4064A. Related G2 peripheral neuropathy was reported in 5 patients, presenting in 3 patients at cycles 2-5 and in 2 patients after 6 cycles. Four patients discontinued due to G2 peripheral neuropathy. The overall confirmed response rate at 5.2 mg/kg was 45% (1 CR and 8 PRs) with 4 responses exceeding 75% reduction in measurable tumor burden. Tumor MUC16 IHC scores were 2+/3+ in responders for whom data were available (n=8/9). Median PFS was 5.8 months and median duration of response was 4.4 months.
Conclusions: Treatment with DMUC4064A (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02146313) at 5.2 mg/kg has an acceptable safety profile in PROC, a patient population with few treatment options. The ocular toxicities with DMUC4064A appear manageable and the overall and depth of response demonstrate promising anti-tumor activity.
Citation Format: Kathleen Moore, Erica P. Hamilton, Howard A. Burris, Lisa M. Barroilhet, Martin Gutierrez, Judy S. Wang, Manish R. Patel, Michael J. Birrer, W. Mike Flanagan, Yulei Wang, Amit Garg, Xuyang Lu, Anjali Vaze, Dilip Amin, Douglas Leipold, S. Renee Commerford, Eric W. Humke, Joyce F. Liu. Targeting MUC16 with the THIOMABTM-drug conjugate DMUC4064A in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: A phase I expansion study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT036.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Moore
- 1University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Erica P. Hamilton
- 2Sarah Cannon Research Institute at Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN
| | - Howard A. Burris
- 2Sarah Cannon Research Institute at Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Judy S. Wang
- 5Florida Cancer Specialists at Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, FL, Sarasota, FL
| | - Manish R. Patel
- 5Florida Cancer Specialists at Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, FL, Sarasota, FL
| | | | | | - Yulei Wang
- 7Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Amit Garg
- 7Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Xuyang Lu
- 7Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Dilip Amin
- 7Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | - Joyce F. Liu
- 8Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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10
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Bantseev V, Erickson R, Leipold D, Amaya C, Miller PE, Booler H, Thackaberry EA. Nonclinical Safety Assessment of Anti-Factor D: Key Strategies and Challenges for the Nonclinical Development of Intravitreal Biologics. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 34:204-213. [PMID: 29148965 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The nonclinical toxicology program described here was designed to characterize the safety profile of anti-factor D (AFD; FCFD4514S, lampalizumab) to support intravitreal (ITV) administration in patients with geographic atrophy (GA). METHODS The toxicity of AFD was assessed in a single-dose and 6-month repeat-dose study in monkeys at doses up to 10 mg/eye. Toxicity was assessed by clinical ophthalmic examinations, intraocular pressure measurements, ocular photography, electroretinography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and anatomic pathology. RESULTS Systemic exposure to AFD generally increased with the increase in dose level. The increases in mean maximal concentration and area under the curve values were roughly dose proportional. No accumulation of AFD was observed following 10 doses, and drug exposures were not affected by anti-drug antibodies. AFD was locally and systemically well tolerated in monkeys following ITV doses of up to 10 mg/eye. Ocular effects associated with AFD were limited to transient, reversible, dose-related, aqueous cell responses and injection-related, mild, vitreal cell responses. In the 6-month repeat-dose study, 2 monkeys had a nonspecific immune response to AFD that resulted in severe ocular inflammation, attributed to administration of a heterologous (humanized) protein. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive toxicology program in monkeys described here was designed to evaluate the safety profile of AFD and to support multiple ITV injections in the clinic. Administration of a heterologous (humanized) protein presents a challenge, and immunogenicity in nonclinical species is not predictive of immunogenicity in humans. Taken together, the results of the nonclinical program described here support the use of AFD in patients with GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Bantseev
- 1 Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco, California
| | - Rebecca Erickson
- 2 Development Sciences, Denali Therapeutics , South San Francisco, California
| | - Douglas Leipold
- 3 Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco, California
| | - Caroline Amaya
- 4 Department of Bioanalytical Assays, Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco, California
| | - Paul E Miller
- 5 Ocular Services on Demand (OSOD) Department of Surgical Services, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Helen Booler
- 1 Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco, California
| | - Evan A Thackaberry
- 1 Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco, California
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11
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Vollmar BS, Wei B, Ohri R, Zhou J, He J, Yu SF, Leipold D, Cosino E, Yee S, Fourie-O'Donohue A, Li G, Phillips GL, Kozak KR, Kamath A, Xu K, Lee G, Lazar GA, Erickson HK. Attachment Site Cysteine Thiol pK a Is a Key Driver for Site-Dependent Stability of THIOMAB Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2538-2548. [PMID: 28885827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of cysteines into antibodies by mutagenesis allows for the direct conjugation of small molecules to specific sites on the antibody via disulfide bonds. The stability of the disulfide bond linkage between the small molecule and the antibody is highly dependent on the location of the engineered cysteine in either the heavy chain (HC) or the light chain (LC) of the antibody. Here, we explore the basis for this site-dependent stability. We evaluated the in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetics of five different cysteine mutants of trastuzumab conjugated to a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) via disulfide bonds. A significant correlation was observed between disulfide stability and efficacy for the conjugates. We hypothesized that the observed site-dependent stability of the disulfide-linked conjugates could be due to differences in the attachment site cysteine thiol pKa. We measured the cysteine thiol pKa using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and found that the variants with the highest thiol pKa (LC K149C and HC A140C) were found to yield the conjugates with the greatest in vivo stability. Guided by homology modeling, we identified several mutations adjacent to LC K149C that reduced the cysteine thiol pKa and, thus, decreased the in vivo stability of the disulfide-linked PBD conjugated to LC K149C. We also present results suggesting that the high thiol pKa of LC K149C is responsible for the sustained circulation stability of LC K149C TDCs utilizing a maleimide-based linker. Taken together, our results provide evidence that the site-dependent stability of cys-engineered antibody-drug conjugates may be explained by interactions between the engineered cysteine and the local protein environment that serves to modulate the side-chain thiol pKa. The influence of cysteine thiol pKa on stability and efficacy offers a new parameter for the optimization of ADCs that utilize cysteine engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna S Vollmar
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Binqing Wei
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rachana Ohri
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jianhui Zhou
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jintang He
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Douglas Leipold
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ely Cosino
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sharon Yee
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aimee Fourie-O'Donohue
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guangmin Li
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gail L Phillips
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Amrita Kamath
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Genee Lee
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Greg A Lazar
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hans K Erickson
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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12
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Sadowsky JD, Pillow TH, Chen J, Fan F, He C, Wang Y, Yan G, Yao H, Xu Z, Martin S, Zhang D, Chu P, dela Cruz-Chuh J, O’Donohue A, Li G, Del Rosario G, He J, Liu L, Ng C, Su D, Lewis Phillips GD, Kozak KR, Yu SF, Xu K, Leipold D, Wai J. Development of Efficient Chemistry to Generate Site-Specific Disulfide-Linked Protein– and Peptide–Payload Conjugates: Application to THIOMAB Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack D. Sadowsky
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H. Pillow
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jinhua Chen
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
| | - Fang Fan
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
| | - Changrong He
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
| | - Yanli Wang
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
| | - Gang Yan
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
| | - Hui Yao
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
| | - Zijin Xu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
| | - Shanique Martin
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Phillip Chu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Aimee O’Donohue
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guangmin Li
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Geoffrey Del Rosario
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jintang He
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Luna Liu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dian Su
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Katherine R. Kozak
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Douglas Leipold
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Wai
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
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13
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Thudium K, Bilic S, Leipold D, Mallet W, Kaur S, Meibohm B, Erickson H, Tibbitts J, Zhao H, Gupta M. American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists National Biotechnology Conference Short Course: Translational Challenges in Developing Antibody-Drug Conjugates: May 24, 2012, San Diego, CA. MAbs 2012; 5:5-12. [PMID: 23255090 PMCID: PMC3564886 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.22909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) National Biotechnology Conference Short Course "Translational Challenges in Developing Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs)," held May 24, 2012 in San Diego, CA, was organized by members of the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism section of AAPS. Representatives from the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and academia in the US and Europe attended this short course to discuss the translational challenges in ADC development and the importance of characterizing these molecules early in development to achieve therapeutic utility in patients. Other areas of discussion included selection of target antigens; characterization of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion; assay development and hot topics like regulatory perspectives and the role of pharmacometrics in ADC development. MUC16-targeted ADCs were discussed to illustrate challenges in preclinical development; experiences with trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1; Genentech) and the recently approved brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris; Seattle Genetics) were presented in depth to demonstrate considerations in clinical development. The views expressed in this report are those of the participants and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Thudium
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Clinical Pharmacology, Oncology Business Unit, Florham Park, NJ, USA.
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Ludwig B, Muffler K, Leipold D, Neuhaus E, Bley T, Ulber R. Immobilisierung von Nocardia iowensis zur Biotransformation von bioaktiven Triterpenen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201250477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Duwe A, Tippkötter N, Leipold D, Riemer S, Zorn H, Ulber R. Holzhydrolyse als Feststoffreaktion: Charakterisierung von Inhibitoren und Erhöhung der Ausbeute durch den Einsatz lignolytischer Enzyme. CHEM-ING-TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201250298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Xu K, Liu L, Saad OM, Baudys J, Williams L, Leipold D, Shen B, Raab H, Junutula JR, Kim A, Kaur S. Characterization of intact antibody–drug conjugates from plasma/serum in vivo by affinity capture capillary liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2011; 412:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Vasa P, Pomraenke R, Cirmi G, De Re E, Wang W, Schwieger S, Leipold D, Runge E, Cerullo G, Lienau C. Ultrafast manipulation of strong coupling in metal-molecular aggregate hybrid nanostructures. ACS Nano 2010; 4:7559-65. [PMID: 21082799 DOI: 10.1021/nn101973p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an ultrafast manipulation of the Rabi splitting energy Ω(R) in a metal-molecular aggregate hybrid nanostructure. Femtosecond excitation drastically alters the optical properties of a model system formed by coating a gold nanoslit array with a thin J-aggregated dye layer. Controlled and reversible transient switching from strong (Ω(R) ≃ 55 meV) to weak (Ω(R) ≈ 0) coupling on a sub-ps time scale is directly evidenced by mapping the nonequilibrium dispersion relations of the coupled excitations. Such a strong, externally controllable coupling of excitons and surface plasmon polaritons is of considerable interest for ultrafast all-optical switching applications in nanoscale plasmonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vasa
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany
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18
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Scheller MC, Muffler K, Wünsch G, Leipold D, Neuhaus E, Möhlmann T. Gewinnung von Triterpenen aus Pflanzenzellkulturen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201050103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Leipold D, Wünsch G, Schmidt M, Muffler K, Bart HJ, Ulber R. Stoffwechselvorgänge von Nocardiasp. - Biotransformation von Triterpenen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200950466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Wechter WJ, McCracken JD, Kantoci D, Murray ED, Quiggle D, Leipold D, Gibson K, Mineyama Y, Liu Y. Mechanism of enhancement of intestinal ulcerogenicity of S-aryl propionic acids by their R-enantiomers in the rat. Dig Dis Sci 1998; 43:1264-74. [PMID: 9635617 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018811908996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously observed a marked increase in gastrointestinal toxicity of rac-flurbiprofen compared to the therapeutically equivalent dose of the S enantiomer. This paper quantitates these observations and examines the mechanism by which this paradoxical toxicity occurs. We have evaluated the ulcer scores, mucosal neutrophil infiltration, by immunostaining of CD11/18 antigen, and mucosal neutrophil activity by myeloperoxidase measurement at two dose levels of (R)-, (S)-, and rac-flurbiprofen, administered over 30 days. Dose-response for intestinal ulcer production was observed for rac- and (S)-flurbiprofen; animals given (R)-flurbiprofen exhibited no ulcers. Yet rac-flurbiprofen proved to be twice as ulcerogenic as (S)-flurbiprofen. The mechanism of the exacerbation of gastrointestinal toxicity of (S)-flurbiprofen by the noncyclooxygenase inhibiting (R)-flurbiprofen is believed to be associated with its effect on ICAM-1 up-regulation. This is followed by neutrophil adhesiveness to ICAM-1 via the LFA-1 antigen on its surface and the extravasation of neutrophils into the tissue. We also examined the effect of high dose (R)-flurbiprofen vs vehicle over 15 days in animals in which ulcers had been produced by treatment with (S)-flurbiprofen for the previous 15 days. (R)-flurbiprofen did not sustain induced ulcers. The results of this study suggest that human studies be conducted to determine if enhanced gastrointestinal toxicity occurs in man. This is at issue since rac compounds of this class are available over the counter and others may be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Wechter
- Laboratory of Chemical Endocrinology and Division of Gastroenterology, Loma Linda University, California 92354, USA
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Murray ED, Wechter WJ, Kantoci D, Wang WH, Pham T, Quiggle DD, Gibson KM, Leipold D, Anner BM. Endogenous natriuretic factors 7: biospecificity of a natriuretic gamma-tocopherol metabolite LLU-alpha. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997; 282:657-62. [PMID: 9262327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural elucidation and mechanism of action of a potential component, LLU-alpha, of what is possibly a multifactorial complex known as "natriuretic hormone" was recently reported [Wechter, W.J. et al. (1996a) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 6002-6007]. "Natriuretic hormone," a long-sought factor, is believed to regulate extracellular fluid volume and consequently be pathomimetic for hypertension, cirrhosis, congestive heart failure and other volume expanded states. The studies reported herein further characterize LLU-alpha. The precursor of the endogenous LLU-alpha was demonstrated to be gamma-tocopherol by radiolabeling studies. The pharmacokinetics of infused rac-LLU-alpha proved to be biphasic (half-lives: 12 min and 6 h). Specificity of the inhibition of the 70 pS potassium channel of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle was examined with the natural S-enantiomer being the most potent known inhibitor whereas the analogous alpha-tocopherol metabolite, rac-5-Me-LLU-alpha, showed no inhibition. Rac-LLU-alpha does not inhibit two isozymes of the Na+/K+-ATPase. LLU-alpha is natriuretic acting via inhibition of the 70 pS potassium channel and not Na+/K+-ATPase, the assumed mechanism of action of the "natriuretic hormone." LLU-alpha, a metabolite of a vitamin, if it were found to play a role in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume, would be the second example of a vitamin acting as a precursor for a hormone. Of considerable interest is the fact that this manuscript reports the first biological activity of gamma-tocopherol, a member of the vitamin E complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Murray
- Laboratory of Chemical Endocrinology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, California 92350, USA
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Schulze KJ, Kotte U, Leipold D. [Therapy of so-called "infant scoliosis"]. Beitr Orthop Traumatol 1972; 19:635-43. [PMID: 4665081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Leipold D. [Benign osteoblastoma]. Beitr Orthop Traumatol 1969; 16:428-32. [PMID: 5376145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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