Chronic Intraventricular Encapsulated Hematoma in an Adult: A Case Report

This case report is a presentation of a chronic intraventricular encapsulated hematoma in an adult who presented with gait disturbance, fever, palsy of N. III, N. VI and N. VII, and photophobia. Ophthalmoscopy revealed a bilateral papilledema. Computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intraventricular mass in the lateral ventricle. Preoperative diagnosis could not rule out a neoplasm. The lesion was totally removed with open surgery and was found to be a chronic intraventricular encapsulated hematoma. A chronic intraventricular encapsulated hematoma is a rare entity. After the removal of the mass, the clinical symptoms of the patient gradually resolved.

Giant Intradural Mucocele in a Patient with Adult Onset Seizures

A rare case of mucopyocele in a patient who presented with epileptic seizures is reported. The computed tomography scan (CT) and the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed an intradural extension of a giant fronto-ethmoidal mucopyocele, eroding the cribriform plate and compressing both frontal lobes. The lesion was removed by craniotomy with elimination of the mass effect and reconstruction of the anterior skull base. An intracranial-intradural mucopyocele is an extremely rare cause of generalized convulsion as a presenting symptom, with only 6 cases reported in the literature. The total removal of the lesion associated with anterior fossa reconstruction is the treatment of choice.

Neurophysiological monitoring of brainstem function in a patient with Wallenberg syndrome, using Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials

PURPOSE

We evaluated the use of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs) in the assessment of neural function, following medullary lesions.

METHODS

A 54-year-old male presented with symptoms and signs typical of right lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome. He underwent brain MRI and three successive neurophysiological investigations, which included VEMPs, Brainstem Auditory Evoked Responses (BAERs) and the blink reflex.

RESULTS

VEMPs amplitude on the left (unaffected) side was 256.8 microv in the first investigation and remained approximately equal to that value in the following two ones. Their amplitude on the right (affected) side was 37.9 microv, 154.2 microv and 235.2 microv correspondingly. At the same time vertigo, diplopia and nystagmus gradually improved. Right blink reflex comprised a normal R1, but delayed R2 ipsilateral and R2 contralateral responses, which remained unaltered during the follow-up period. Brain MRI disclosed a right dorsolateral medullary infarct.

CONCLUSIONS

VEMPs amplitude progressively increased, parallel to the improvement of vestibular symptoms. The blink reflex evolved differently, while BAERs were not affected. As the three evoked responses are mediated by separate neural circuits, they provide information on different aspects of brainstem function. Thus, VEMPs seem to be a useful method that complements existing ones in the assessment of brainstem lesions.