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Griessler M, Knetsch S, Schimpf E, Schmidhuber A, Schrammel B, Wesner W, Sommer R, Kirschner AKT. Inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in electrochemical advanced oxidation process with diamond electrodes. Water Sci Technol 2011; 63:2010-2016. [PMID: 21902043 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) with diamond electrodes may serve as an additional technology to the currently approved methods for water disinfection. Only few data exist on the microbicidal effect of the EAOP. The aim of our study was to investigate the microbicidal effect of a flow-through oxidation cell with diamond electrodes, using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the test organism. Without electrical current the EAOP had no measurable effect on investigated microbiological and chemical parameters. For direct electrical current a stronger impact was observed at low flow rate than at higher flow rate. Depending on the contact time of the oxidants and the type of quenching reagent added, inactivation of P. aeruginosa was in the range log 1.6-3.6 at the higher flow rate and log 2.4-4.4 at the lower rate. Direct electrical current showed a stronger microbicidal effect than alternating current (maximum reduction log 4.0 and log 2.9, respectively). The microbiological results of experiments with this EAOP prototype revealed higher standard deviations than expected, based on our experience with standard water disinfection methods. Safe use of an EAOP system requires operating parameters to be defined and used accurately, and thus specific monitoring tests must be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Griessler
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Düllmann CE, Schädel M, Yakushev A, Türler A, Eberhardt K, Kratz JV, Ackermann D, Andersson LL, Block M, Brüchle W, Dvorak J, Essel HG, Ellison PA, Even J, Gates JM, Gorshkov A, Graeger R, Gregorich KE, Hartmann W, Herzberg RD, Hessberger FP, Hild D, Hübner A, Jäger E, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Krier J, Kurz N, Lahiri S, Liebe D, Lommel B, Maiti M, Nitsche H, Omtvedt JP, Parr E, Rudolph D, Runke J, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Semchenkov A, Steiner J, Thörle-Pospiech P, Uusitalo J, Wegrzecki M, Wiehl N. Production and decay of element 114: high cross sections and the new nucleus 277Hs. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:252701. [PMID: 20867370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.252701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The fusion-evaporation reaction 244Pu(48Ca,3-4n){288,289}114 was studied at the new gas-filled recoil separator TASCA. Thirteen correlated decay chains were observed and assigned to the production and decay of {288,289}114. At a compound nucleus excitation energy of E{*}=39.8-43.9 MeV, the 4n evaporation channel cross section was 9.8{-3.1}{+3.9} pb. At E^{*}=36.1-39.5 MeV, that of the 3n evaporation channel was 8.0{-4.5}{+7.4} pb. In one of the 3n evaporation channel decay chains, a previously unobserved α branch in 281Ds was observed (probability to be of random origin from background: 0.1%). This α decay populated the new nucleus 277Hs, which decayed by spontaneous fission after a lifetime of 4.5 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch E Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany.
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3
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Eichler R, Brüchle W, Buda R, Bürger S, Dressler R, Düllmann CE, Dvorak J, Eberhardt K, Eichler B, Folden CM, Gäggeler HW, Gregorich KE, Haenssler F, Hoffman DC, Hummrich H, Jäger E, Kratz JV, Kuczewski B, Liebe D, Nayak D, Nitsche H, Piguet D, Qin Z, Rieth U, Schädel M, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Semchenkov A, Soverna S, Sudowe R, Trautmann N, Thörle P, Türler A, Wierczinski B, Wiehl N, Wilk PA, Wirth G, Yakushev AB, von Zweidorf A. Attempts to chemically investigate element 112. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2006.94.4.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Two experiments aiming at the chemical investigation of element 112 produced in the heavy ion induced nuclear fusion reaction of 48Ca with 238U were performed at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Darmstadt, Germany. Both experiments were designed to determine the adsorption enthalpy of element 112 on a gold surface using a thermochromatography setup. The temperature range covered in the thermochromatography experiments allowed the adsorption of Hg at about 35 °C and of Rn at about -180 °C. Reports from the Flerov Laboratory for Nuclear Reactions (FLNR), Dubna, Russia claim production of a 5-min spontaneous fission (SF) activity assigned to 283112 for the 238U(48Ca,3n) 283112 reaction. Hence, Experiment I was designed to detect spontaneously fissioning (SF) isotopes of element 112 with half-lives (t
1/2) longer than about 20 s. 11 high-energy events were detected. 7 events exhibit a deposition pattern resembling a chromatographic peak in the vicinity of Rn deposition. However, the energy of the events observed in Experiment I was lower than expected for a SF-decay of 283112. Therefore, these events could not be unambiguously attributed to the decay of 283112. In contradiction with earlier publications newer reports from FLNR Dubna claim that 283112 decays by α-particle emission (E
α = 9.5 MeV) with t
1/2 = 4 s followed by a SF-decay of 279Ds (t
1/2 = 0.2 s). Therefore, Experiment II was designed to be sensitive to both claimed decay properties of 283112. However, during this experiment neither short α-SF correlations nor SF coincidences were detected. The conclusion is that 283112 was not unambiguously detected, neither in Experiment I nor in Experiment II.
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Dvorak J, Brüchle W, Chelnokov M, Düllmann CE, Dvorakova Z, Eberhardt K, Jäger E, Krücken R, Kuznetsov A, Nagame Y, Nebel F, Nishio K, Perego R, Qin Z, Schädel M, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Schuber R, Semchenkov A, Thörle P, Türler A, Wegrzecki M, Wierczinski B, Yakushev A, Yeremin A. Observation of the 3n evaporation channel in the complete hot-fusion reaction 26Mg + 248Cm leading to the new superheavy nuclide 271Hs. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:132503. [PMID: 18517941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.132503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of a large body of heavy ion fusion reaction data with medium-heavy projectiles (6 < or = Z < or = 18) and actinide targets suggests a disappearance of the 3n exit channel with increasing atomic number of the projectile. Here, we report a measurement of the excitation function of the reaction (248)Cm ((26)Mg,xn)(274-x)Hs and the observation of the new nuclide (271)Hs produced in the 3n evaporation channel at a beam energy well below the Bass fusion barrier with a cross section comparable to the maxima of the 4n and 5n channels. This indicates the possible discovery of new neutron-rich transactinide nuclei using relatively light heavy ion beams of the most neutron-rich stable isotopes and actinide targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dvorak
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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5
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Hummrich H, Banik NL, Breckheimer M, Brüchle W, Buda R, Feist F, Jäger E, Kratz JV, Kuczewski B, Liebe D, Niewisch L, Schädel M, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Wiehl N. Electrodeposition methods in superheavy element chemistry. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2008. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2008.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dvorak J, Brüchle W, Chelnokov M, Dressler R, Düllmann CE, Eberhardt K, Gorshkov V, Jäger E, Krücken R, Kuznetsov A, Nagame Y, Nebel F, Novackova Z, Qin Z, Schädel M, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Semchenkov A, Thörle P, Türler A, Wegrzecki M, Wierczinski B, Yakushev A, Yeremin A. Doubly magic nucleus (108)(270)Hs162. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:242501. [PMID: 17280272 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.242501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical calculations predict 270Hs (Z=108, N=162) to be a doubly magic deformed nucleus, decaying mainly by alpha-particle emission. In this work, based on a rapid chemical isolation of Hs isotopes produced in the 26Mg+248Cm reaction, we observed 15 genetically linked nuclear decay chains. Four chains were attributed to the new nuclide 270Hs, which decays by alpha-particle emission with Qalpha=9.02+/-0.03 MeV to 266Sg which undergoes spontaneous fission with a half-life of 444(-148)(+444) ms. A production cross section of about 3 pb was measured for 270Hs. Thus, 270Hs is the first nucleus for which experimental nuclear decay properties have become available for comparison with theoretical predictions of the N=162 shell stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dvorak
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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7
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Düllmann CE, Dressler R, Eichler B, Gäggeler HW, Glaus F, Jost DT, Piguet D, Soverna S, Türler A, Brüchle W, Eichler R, Jäger E, Pershina V, Schädel M, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Schött HJ, Wirth G, Eberhardt K, Thörle P, Trautmann N, Ginter TN, Gregorich KE, Hoffman DC, Kirbach UW, Lee DM, Nitsche H, Patin JB, Sudowe R, Zielinski PM, Timokhin SN, Yakushev AB, Vahle A, Qin Z. First chemical investigation of hassium (Hs, Z=108). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s10582-003-0037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Düllmann CE, Brüchle W, Dressler R, Eberhardt K, Eichler B, Eichler R, Gäggeler HW, Ginter TN, Glaus F, Gregorich KE, Hoffman DC, Jäger E, Jost DT, Kirbach UW, Lee DM, Nitsche H, Patin JB, Pershina V, Piguet D, Qin Z, Schädel M, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Schött HJ, Soverna S, Sudowe R, Thörle P, Timokhin SN, Trautmann N, Türler A, Vahle A, Wirth G, Yakushev AB, Zielinski PM. Chemical investigation of hassium (element 108). Nature 2002; 418:859-62. [PMID: 12192405 DOI: 10.1038/nature00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The periodic table provides a classification of the chemical properties of the elements. But for the heaviest elements, the transactinides, this role of the periodic table reaches its limits because increasingly strong relativistic effects on the valence electron shells can induce deviations from known trends in chemical properties. In the case of the first two transactinides, elements 104 and 105, relativistic effects do indeed influence their chemical properties, whereas elements 106 and 107 both behave as expected from their position within the periodic table. Here we report the chemical separation and characterization of only seven detected atoms of element 108 (hassium, Hs), which were generated as isotopes (269)Hs (refs 8, 9) and (270)Hs (ref. 10) in the fusion reaction between (26)Mg and (248)Cm. The hassium atoms are immediately oxidized to a highly volatile oxide, presumably HsO(4), for which we determine an enthalpy of adsorption on our detector surface that is comparable to the adsorption enthalpy determined under identical conditions for the osmium oxide OsO(4). These results provide evidence that the chemical properties of hassium and its lighter homologue osmium are similar, thus confirming that hassium exhibits properties as expected from its position in group 8 of the periodic table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch E Düllmann
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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9
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Polikanov S, Br�chle W, Folger H, J�ger E, Krogulski T, Sch�del M, Schimpf E, Wirth G, Aumann T, Kratz JV, Stiel E, Trautmann N. Electromagnetic and nuclear fission of238U in the reaction of 100, 500, and 1000 A�MeV208Pb with238U. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01289586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Zimmermann HP, Gober MΚ, Kratz JV, Schädel M, Brüchle W, Schimpf E, Gregorich ΚE, Türler Α, Czerwinski ΚR, Hannink ΝJ, Kadkhodayan Β, Lee DM, Nurmia MJ, Hoffman DC, Gäggeler H, Jost D, Kovacs J, Scherer UW, Weber A. Chemical Properties of Element 105 in Aqueous Solution: Back Extraction from Triisooctyl Amine into 0.5 M HCl. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.1993.60.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. P. Zimmermann
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Κ. Gober
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. V. Kratz
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Schädel
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W. Brüchle
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E. Schimpf
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Κ. E. Gregorich
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Α. Türler
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Κ. R. Czerwinski
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ν. J. Hannink
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Β. Kadkhodayan
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - D. M. Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M. J. Nurmia
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - D. C. Hoffman
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - H. Gäggeler
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-S232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D. Jost
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-S232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J. Kovacs
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-S232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - U. W. Scherer
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-S232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A. Weber
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-S232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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11
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Gober MK, Kratz JV, Zimmermann HP, Gregorich KE, Türler A, Hannink NJ, Czerwinski KR, Kadkhodayan B, Lee DM, Nurmia MJ, Hoffman DC, Schädel M, Brüchle W, Schimpf E, Gäggeler H, Jost D, Kovacs J, Scherer UW, Weber A. Chemical Properties of Element 105 in Aqueous Solution: Extractions into Diisobutylcarbinol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.1992.57.23.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Gober
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - J. V. Kratz
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - H. P. Zimmermann
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - K. E. Gregorich
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A. Türler
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - N. J. Hannink
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - K. R. Czerwinski
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - B. Kadkhodayan
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - D. M. Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M. J. Nurmia
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - D. C. Hoffman
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M. Schädel
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, D-6100 Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - W. Brüchle
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, D-6100 Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - E. Schimpf
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, D-6100 Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - H. Gäggeler
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Jost
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J. Kovacs
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - U. W. Scherer
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A. Weber
- Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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12
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Schädel M, Brächte W, Schimpf E, Zimmermann HP, Gober MK, Kratz JV, Trautmann N, Gregorich KE, Türler A, Czerwinski KR, Hannink NJ, Kadkhodayan B, Lee DM, Nurmia MJ, Hoffman DC. Chemical Properties of Element 105 in Aqueous Solution: Cation Exchange Separations with α-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.1992.57.23.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Schädel
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, D-6100 Damistadt, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - W. Brächte
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, D-6100 Damistadt, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - E. Schimpf
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, D-6100 Damistadt, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - H. P. Zimmermann
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - M. K. Gober
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - J. V. Kratz
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - N. Trautmann
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - K. E. Gregorich
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A. Türler
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - K. R. Czerwinski
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - N. J. Hannink
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - B. Kadkhodayan
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - D. M. Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M. J. Nurmia
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - D. C. Hoffman
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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13
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Kratz JV, Gober MK, Zimmermann HP, Schädel M, Brüchle W, Schimpf E, Gregorich KE, Türler A, Hannink NJ, Czerwinski KR, Kadkhodayan B, Lee DM, Nurmia MJ, Hoffman DC, Gäggeler H, Jost D, Kovacs J, Scherer UW, Weber A. New nuclide 263Ha. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1992; 45:1064-1069. [PMID: 9967857 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.45.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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14
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Gäggeler HW, Jost DT, Kovacs J, Scherer UW, Weber A, Vermeulen D, Türler A, Gregorich KE, Henderson RA, Czerwinski KR, Kadkhodayan B, Lee DM, Nurmia M, Hoffman DC, Kratz JV, Gober MK, Zimmermann HP, Schädel M, Brüchle W, Schimpf E, Zvara I. Gas Phase Chromatography Experiments with Bromides of Tantalum and Element 105. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.1992.57.23.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - D. T. Jost
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J. Kovacs
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - U. W, Scherer
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A. Weber
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Vermeulen
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A. Türler
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - D. M. Lee
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M. Nurmia
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - D. C. Hoffman
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J. V. Kratz
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - M. K. Gober
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - H. P. Zimmermann
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - M. Schädel
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, D-6100 Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - W. Brüchle
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, D-6100 Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - E. Schimpf
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, D-6100 Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - I. Zvara
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, USSR
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15
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Schädel M, Brüchle W, Jäger E, Schimpf E, Kratz JV, Scherer UW, Zimmermann HP. ARCA II – A New Apparatus for Fast, Repetitive HPLC Separations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.1989.48.34.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Schädel
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, D-6100 Darmstadt, FRG
| | - W. Brüchle
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, D-6100 Darmstadt, FRG
| | - E. Jäger
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, D-6100 Darmstadt, FRG
| | - E. Schimpf
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, D-6100 Darmstadt, FRG
| | - J. V. Kratz
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, FRG
| | - U. W. Scherer
- Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, FRG
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