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Mätz-Rensing K, Floto A, Schrod A, Becker T, Finke EJ, Seibold E, Splettstoesser WD, Kaup FJ. Epizootic of Tularemia in an Outdoor Housed Group of Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Vet Pathol 2016; 44:327-34. [PMID: 17491074 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-3-327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tularemia is a highly contagious infectious zoonosis, transmissible by inoculation, ingestion, or inhalation of the infectious agent Francisella tularensis. The disease is perpetuated by infected rodents, blood-sucking arthropods, and by contaminated water. Therefore, nonhuman primates housed outdoors may be at risk for exposure. An epizootic of F. tularensis occurred in an indoor/outdoor-housed group of cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis) at the German Primate Center. Tularemia was diagnosed in 18 out of 35 animals within a period of 2 years. Six animals died with unspecific clinical symptoms; 12 animals developed seroconversion and were still alive. Pathologic findings were similar in all monkeys that died and resembled the clinical picture of the human disease, including an ulceroglandular syndrome with local lymphadenopathy, gingivostomatitis, and systemic spread, with manifestations such as subacute necrotizing hepatitis, granulomatous splenitis, and pneumonia. Tularemia was diagnosed by culture, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and ELISA techniques. This is the largest outbreak in nonhuman primates and the first report of tularemia in cynomolgus monkeys. An overview of the recent literature about tularemia in nonhuman primates is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mätz-Rensing
- German Primate Center, Department of Infectious Pathology, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Seibold E, Maier T, Kostrzewa M, Zeman E, Splettstoesser W. Identification of Francisella tularensis by whole-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: fast, reliable, robust, and cost-effective differentiation on species and subspecies levels. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:1061-9. [PMID: 20181907 PMCID: PMC2849607 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01953-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is a potential agent of bioterrorism. The phenotypic discrimination of closely related, but differently virulent, Francisella tularensis subspecies with phenotyping methods is difficult and time-consuming, often producing ambiguous results. As a fast and simple alternative, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was applied to 50 different strains of the genus Francisella to assess its ability to identify and discriminate between strains according to their designated species and subspecies. Reference spectra from five representative strains of Francisella philomiragia, Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis, Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica, Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica, and Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida were established and evaluated for their capability to correctly identify Francisella species and subspecies by matching a collection of spectra from 45 blind-coded Francisella strains against a database containing the five reference spectra and 3,287 spectra from other microorganisms. As a reference method for identification of strains from the genus Francisella, 23S rRNA gene sequencing was used. All strains were correctly identified, with both methods showing perfect agreement at the species level as well as at the subspecies level. The identification of Francisella strains by MALDI-TOF MS and subsequent database matching was reproducible using biological replicates, different culture media, different cultivation times, different serial in vitro passages of the same strain, different preparation protocols, and different mass spectrometers.
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MESH Headings
- Bacteriological Techniques/economics
- Bacteriological Techniques/methods
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Francisella tularensis/chemistry
- Francisella tularensis/classification
- Francisella tularensis/isolation & purification
- Humans
- RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/economics
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
- Time Factors
- Tularemia/diagnosis
- Tularemia/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- E Seibold
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Neuherbergstr 24, 80937 München, Germany.
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Willke A, Meric M, Grunow R, Sayan M, Finke EJ, Splettstößer W, Seibold E, Erdoğan S, Ergonul O, Yumuk Z, Gedikoglu S. An outbreak of oropharyngeal tularaemia linked to natural spring water. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:112-116. [PMID: 19074661 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.002279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A tularaemia outbreak was investigated involving 188 suspected cases in the Kocaeli region of Turkey between December 2004 and April 2005. A case-control study comprising 135 laboratory-confirmed cases and 55 controls was undertaken to identify risk factors for the development of the outbreak and to evaluate laboratory diagnostic methods. Tularaemia was confirmed by a microagglutination test (MAT) titre of >or=1 : 160 in 90 of the patients. In MAT-negative sera, 23/44 (52 %) were positive by ELISA with Francisella tularensis LPS and 1/9 (11 %) by Western blotting with this antigen. A species-specific PCR was positive in 16/25 (64 %) throat swabs and 8/13 (62 %) lymph node aspirates. Multivariate analysis showed that drinking natural spring water was the leading risk factor for the development of tularaemia (P=0.0001, odds ratio 0.165, 95 % CI 0.790-0.346). The outbreak ceased after abandonment of the suspected natural water springs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Willke
- Kocaeli University, Medical Faculty, Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - M Meric
- Kocaeli University, Medical Faculty, Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - R Grunow
- Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Sayan
- Kocaeli University, Medical Faculty, Clinical Laboratory, PCR Unit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - E J Finke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - E Seibold
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | - S Erdoğan
- Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Public Health, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O Ergonul
- Marmara University, Medical Faculty, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Z Yumuk
- Kocaeli University, Medical Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - S Gedikoglu
- Uludag University, Medical Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Bursa, Turkey
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Lutter D, Langmann T, Ugocsai P, Moehle C, Seibold E, Splettstoesser WD, Gruber P, Lang EW, Schmitz G. Analyzing time-dependent microarray data using independent component analysis derived expression modes from human macrophages infected with F. tularensis holartica. J Biomed Inform 2009; 42:605-11. [PMID: 19535009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of large-scale gene expression profiles is still a demanding and extensive task. Modern machine learning and data mining techniques developed in linear algebra, like Independent Component Analysis (ICA), become increasingly popular as appropriate tools for analyzing microarray data. We applied ICA to analyze kinetic gene expression profiles of human monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) from three different donors infected with Francisella tularensis holartica and compared them to more classical methods like hierarchical clustering. Results were compared using a pathway analysis tool, based on the Gene Ontology and the MeSH database. We could show that both methods lead to time-dependent gene regulatory patterns which fit well to known TNFalpha induced immune responses. In comparison, the nonexclusive attribute of ICA results in a more detailed view and a higher resolution in time dependent behavior of the immune response genes. Additionally, we identified NFkappaB as one of the main regulatory genes during response to F. tularensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lutter
- Clinical Chemistry, University Clinic, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; CIML Group, Institute of Biophysics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, CMB, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Germany
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Splettstoesser WD, Mätz-Rensing K, Seibold E, Tomaso H, Al Dahouk S, Grunow R, Essbauer S, Buckendahl A, Finke EJ, Neubauer H. Re-emergence of Francisella tularensis in Germany: fatal tularaemia in a colony of semi-free-living marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Epidemiol Infect 2007; 135:1256-65. [PMID: 17306050 PMCID: PMC2870702 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268807008035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis was identified as the cause of a die-off which occurred among a colony of semi-free-living common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). During the outbreak 5 out of 62 animals died of tularaemia in a research facility located in the district of Goettingen, Germany. All animals had been born at the facility suggesting an endemic infection. A total of five culture isolates were recovered and characterized as F. tularensis holarctica, biovar I. These cultures represent the first isolates obtained in the Federal Republic of Germany for more than 45 years. The outbreak area shows several geographical and ecological characteristics known to favour long-term presence of F. tularensis. Persistence of the pathogen in the remote region along the former German-German border, continuous re-introduction from eastern European countries after destruction of the 'Iron curtain' or introduction through migrating birds are testable hypotheses which could explain the emergence of tularaemia in this particular region.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Splettstoesser
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory for Tularaemia, Munich, Germany.
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Tomaso H, Thullier P, Seibold E, Guglielmo V, Buckendahl A, Rahalison L, Neubauer H, Scholz HC, Splettstoesser WD. Comparison of hand-held test kits, immunofluorescence microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometric analysis for rapid presumptive identification of Yersinia pestis. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3404-7. [PMID: 17652472 PMCID: PMC2045319 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00458-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An in-house immunochromatographic test, Plague BioThreat Alert test strips, ABICAP columns, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy were compared for the detection of the fraction 1 capsular antigen of Yersinia pestis, using spiked buffer and clinical specimens. Hand-held test kits proved to be excellent benchtop tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tomaso
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany.
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Tacke S, Specke V, Stephan O, Seibold E, Bodusch K, Denner J. Porcine endogenous retroviruses: diagnostic assays and evidence for immunosuppressive properties. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:1166. [PMID: 10936404 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Tacke
- Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
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Kuhn-Schnyder E, Seibold E, Tritsch MF, Jaenicke L, Maier L, Autrum H, Kindl H, Esser K, Wolbert G. Buchbesprechungen. Naturwissenschaften 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00365389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kornhuber HH, Schleitzer-Rust E, Kuhn-Schnyder E, Amstutz GC, Fiechter A, Cammann K, J�rgensen CK, Jaenicke L, Neuhoff V, Gerhards E, Wacker A, Seeger K, Ziegler H, Hutzinger O, Seibold E. Buchbesprechungen. Naturwissenschaften 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00405380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Harte C, Seibold E, Bederke E, Schlegel HG. Buchbesprechungen. Naturwissenschaften 1964. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00637901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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