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Bernasconi SM, Daëron M, Bergmann KD, Bonifacie M, Meckler AN, Affek HP, Anderson N, Bajnai D, Barkan E, Beverly E, Blamart D, Burgener L, Calmels D, Chaduteau C, Clog M, Davidheiser‐Kroll B, Davies A, Dux F, Eiler J, Elliott B, Fetrow AC, Fiebig J, Goldberg S, Hermoso M, Huntington KW, Hyland E, Ingalls M, Jaggi M, John CM, Jost AB, Katz S, Kelson J, Kluge T, Kocken IJ, Laskar A, Leutert TJ, Liang D, Lucarelli J, Mackey TJ, Mangenot X, Meinicke N, Modestou SE, Müller IA, Murray S, Neary A, Packard N, Passey BH, Pelletier E, Petersen S, Piasecki A, Schauer A, Snell KE, Swart PK, Tripati A, Upadhyay D, Vennemann T, Winkelstern I, Yarian D, Yoshida N, Zhang N, Ziegler M. InterCarb: A Community Effort to Improve Interlaboratory Standardization of the Carbonate Clumped Isotope Thermometer Using Carbonate Standards. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 2021; 22:e2020GC009588. [PMID: 34220359 PMCID: PMC8244079 DOI: 10.1029/2020gc009588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increased use and improved methodology of carbonate clumped isotope thermometry has greatly enhanced our ability to interrogate a suite of Earth-system processes. However, interlaboratory discrepancies in quantifying carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47) measurements persist, and their specific sources remain unclear. To address interlaboratory differences, we first provide consensus values from the clumped isotope community for four carbonate standards relative to heated and equilibrated gases with 1,819 individual analyses from 10 laboratories. Then we analyzed the four carbonate standards along with three additional standards, spanning a broad range of δ47 and Δ47 values, for a total of 5,329 analyses on 25 individual mass spectrometers from 22 different laboratories. Treating three of the materials as known standards and the other four as unknowns, we find that the use of carbonate reference materials is a robust method for standardization that yields interlaboratory discrepancies entirely consistent with intralaboratory analytical uncertainties. Carbonate reference materials, along with measurement and data processing practices described herein, provide the carbonate clumped isotope community with a robust approach to achieve interlaboratory agreement as we continue to use and improve this powerful geochemical tool. We propose that carbonate clumped isotope data normalized to the carbonate reference materials described in this publication should be reported as Δ47 (I-CDES) values for Intercarb-Carbon Dioxide Equilibrium Scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Daëron
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’EnvironnementLSCE/IPSLCEA‐CNRS‐UVSQUniversité Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - K. D. Bergmann
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - M. Bonifacie
- Université de ParisInstitut de Physique du Globe de ParisCNRSParisFrance
| | - A. N. Meckler
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - H. P. Affek
- Institute of Earth SciencesHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - N. Anderson
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - D. Bajnai
- Institute of GeosciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - E. Barkan
- Institute of Earth SciencesHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - E. Beverly
- Now at Department of Earth and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - D. Blamart
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’EnvironnementLSCE/IPSLCEA‐CNRS‐UVSQUniversité Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - L. Burgener
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - D. Calmels
- Université de ParisInstitut de Physique du Globe de ParisCNRSParisFrance
- Now at Geosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS)Université Paris‐SaclayCNRSOrsayFrance
| | - C. Chaduteau
- Université de ParisInstitut de Physique du Globe de ParisCNRSParisFrance
| | - M. Clog
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC)ScotlandUK
| | | | - A. Davies
- Now at Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - F. Dux
- Now at School of Earth and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongAustralia
- School of GeographyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - J. Eiler
- Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - B. Elliott
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - J. Fiebig
- Institute of GeosciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - S. Goldberg
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - M. Hermoso
- Université de ParisInstitut de Physique du Globe de ParisCNRSParisFrance
- Univ. Littoral Côte d’OpaleUniv. LilleCNRSLaboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (UMR 8187 LOG)WimereuxFrance
| | | | - E. Hyland
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - M. Ingalls
- Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
- Now at Department of GeosciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - M. Jaggi
- Geological InstituteETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - A. B. Jost
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - S. Katz
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - J. Kelson
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - T. Kluge
- Imperial CollegeLondonUK
- Now at Karlsruher Institut für Technologie KITKarlsruheGermany
| | - I. J. Kocken
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - A. Laskar
- Institute of Earth SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - T. J. Leutert
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Now at Max Planck Institute for ChemistryMainzGermany
| | - D. Liang
- Institute of Earth SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - J. Lucarelli
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - T. J. Mackey
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Now at Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - X. Mangenot
- Université de ParisInstitut de Physique du Globe de ParisCNRSParisFrance
- Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - N. Meinicke
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - S. E. Modestou
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - I. A. Müller
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - A. Neary
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - N. Packard
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - B. H. Passey
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - E. Pelletier
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - S. Petersen
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - A. Piasecki
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Now at Department of Earth SciencesDartmouth CollegeHanoverNHUSA
| | | | | | - P. K. Swart
- Department of Marine GeosciencesRostiel School of Marine and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA
| | - A. Tripati
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - D. Upadhyay
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - T. Vennemann
- Institute of Earth Surface DynamicsUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - I. Winkelstern
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Now at Geology DepartmentGrand Valley State UniversityAllendaleMIUSA
| | - D. Yarian
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - N. Yoshida
- Earth‐Life Science InstituteTokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyoJapan
- National Institute of Information and Communications TechnologyTokyoJapan
| | - N. Zhang
- Earth‐Life Science InstituteTokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyoJapan
| | - M. Ziegler
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Abstract
Plant production in the sea is a primary mechanism of global oxygen formation and carbon fixation. For this reason, and also because the ocean is a major sink for fossil fuel carbon dioxide, much attention has been given to estimating marine primary production. Here, we describe an approach for estimating production of photosynthetic oxygen, based on the isotopic composition of dissolved oxygen of seawater. This method allows the estimation of integrated oceanic productivity on a time scale of weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Luz
- The Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Barkan A, Barkan E, Hoogervorst-Spalter H, Kaufman H, Klein A. Effect of tumor removal on the presence of lymphocytic cortisol metabolism-enhancing factor in plasma of cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 1980; 64:1333-5. [PMID: 6929371 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/64.6.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Because lymphocytic cortisol metabolism-enhancing factor (LCMEF) is absent in the plasma of cancer patients (CP), this study was undertaken to determine the influence of tumor removal on this phenomenon. Known concentrations of human lymphocytes were incubated with cortisol in media containing 50% phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 50% of one of the following: a) homologic normal plasma (HP),b) plasma from patients with noncancerous diseases (NCD) before surgery, c) plasma from patients with NCD after surgery, d) plasma from CP before tumor removal, e) plasma from CP after tumor removal, f) plasma from long-surviving CP (LSCP), and g) PBS. With the exception of plasma from the LSCP group, all the plasma had the capacity to enhance the lymphocytic cortisol metabolism (LCM) when compared with that of PBS. There was no significant difference between the metabolism obtained with HP and that obtained with plasma from patients with NCD either before or after surgery. The plasma from CP led to a significant reduction in activity, with no significant difference in conversion rates before and after tumor removal. The plasma from LSCP failed to enhance LCM, had a conversion rate similar to that of PBS and significantly lower than that of the plasma from CP, and appeared to contain no LCMEF. These findings, which showed that the lack of LCMEF in CP is not influenced by tumor removal, may indicate 1) that the lack of LCMEF preceded the appearance of cancer or 2) irreversibility of a possible anti-LCMEF synthesis effect was induced by the tumor.
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