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Dumitrascu C, Gys C, Wille SMR, Del Mar Ramiréz-Fernandéz M, D'Hondt D, Van Goethem A, Van Rafelghem B, Baetens E, Jacobs W, Neels H, Covaci A, van Nuijs ALN. The complementarity of phosphatidylethanol in whole blood and ethyl glucuronide in hair as biomarkers for the monitoring of alcohol use. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:398-405. [PMID: 37515310 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring long-term alcohol use and/or abstinence is essential in clinical and medico-legal cases. Analysis of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair provides information on alcohol consumption over several months. However, there is a lag time between ethanol consumption, incorporation of EtG in the hair bulb and hair growing out of the scalp. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) 16:0/18:1 analysis in whole blood has a detection window of 2-4 weeks, allowing for the detection of recent alcohol consumption. In this study, 2340 paired samples (of hair and venous whole blood from 1170 individuals) were analysed for EtG in hair (hEtG) and PEth 16:0/18:1 in venous whole blood. PEth 16:0/18:1 and hEtG results were subdivided into three categories according to the consensus of SoHT (hEtG) and PEth-NET (PEth): abstinence/low, moderate or excessive alcohol consumption. For hEtG analysis, 446 individuals presented abstinence/low alcohol consumption, of which 2% were classified as excessive alcohol users through PEth 16:0/18:1 analysis. This suggests excessive alcohol consumption in the weeks before sample collection. Out of 483 individuals classified as heavy alcohol users based on hEtG analysis, 14% showed abstinence/low alcohol consumption for PEth 16:0/18:1 analysis, implying that these subjects stopped drinking 2-4 weeks before sample collection. Our results show that the analysis of the two different biomarkers can lead to a more accurate categorisation of individuals. Therefore, we emphasize that for the retrospective investigation of alcohol use, it is necessary to include two alcohol use biomarkers with different detection windows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celine Gys
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah M R Wille
- Federal Public Service Justice, National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Diona D'Hondt
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Alexia Van Goethem
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Babette Van Rafelghem
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Eline Baetens
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Werner Jacobs
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Hugo Neels
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Dumitrascu C, Gys C, Wille S, D’hondt D, Van Goethem A, Van Rafelgem B, Baetens E, Jacobs W, Neels H, Covaci A, Van Nuijs A. Phosphatidylethanol in whole blood: A complementary biomarker to ethyl glucuronide in hair. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2022.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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