Willauer AN, Rouster SD, Meeds HL, Jennings CL, Abdel-Hameed EA, Daria DE, Stambrook EP, Shata MTM, Sherman KE. Humoral and T-cell-mediated immunity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with liver disease and transplant recipients.
Hepatol Commun 2023;
7:02009842-202304010-00006. [PMID:
36930861 PMCID:
PMC10027034 DOI:
10.1097/hc9.0000000000000100]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces a varied immune response among persons with chronic liver disease (CLD) and solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). We aimed to evaluate the humoral and T-cell-mediated immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in these groups.
METHODS
Blood samples were collected following the completion of a standard SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (2 doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-12732), and a subset of patients had a blood sample collected after a single mRNA booster vaccine. Three separate methods were utilized to determine immune responses, including an anti-spike protein antibody titer, neutralizing antibody capacity, and T-cell-mediated immunity.
RESULTS
The cohort included 24 patients with chronic liver disease, 27 SOTRs, and 9 controls. Patients with chronic liver disease had similar immune responses to the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 compared with controls following a standard vaccine regimen and single booster vaccine. SOTRs had significantly lower anti-S1 protein antibodies (p < 0.001), neutralizing capacity (p < 0.001), and T-cell-mediated immunity response (p = 0.021) to the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 compared with controls following a standard vaccine regimen. Following a single booster vaccine, immune responses across groups were not significantly different but numerically lower in SOTRs. The neutralization capacity of the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant was not significantly different between groups after a standard vaccine regimen (p = 0.87) and was significantly lower in the SOTR group when compared with controls after a single booster vaccine (p = 0.048).
CONCLUSION
The immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is complex and multifactorial. Ongoing and longitudinal evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular responses is valuable and necessary to allow frequent re-evaluation of these patient populations.
Collapse