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Nardoto GB, da Silva RJ, Schor T, Garavello MEPE, da Silva MRF, Rodrigues LPF, Murrieta RSS, Camilo EA, Reinaldo EDF, de Aquino FC, da Silva EA, de Camargo PB, Moreira MZ, Mazzi EA, Duarte-Neto PJ, Martinelli LA. Mapping carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of fingernails to demonstrate a rural-urban nutrition transition in the Center-West, Northeast, and Amazon regions of Brazil. Am J Phys Anthropol 2020; 172:650-663. [PMID: 32491211 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to investigate diet patterns among rural and urban populations of the Center-West, Northeast, and Amazon regions of Brazil through the carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of fingernails, recognizing that the extent of market integration is a key driver of food consumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the Center-West, Northeast, and Amazon regions of Brazil, fingernails were sampled in clusters encompassing a major city, town, and rural village. A total of 2,133 fingernails were analyzed. Fingernails were clipped by donors using fingernail clippers. In the laboratory, samples were cleaned then weighed in small tin capsules before being isotopically analyzed for carbon and nitrogen. RESULTS The overall mean δ13 C and δ15 N were -19.7 ± 2.8‰ and 10.6 ± 1.1‰, respectively. In the more remote villages, where access to food markets is more challenging, lower δ13 C prevails, suggesting that Brazilian staple foods (rice, beans, and farinha) still dominate. In areas with easier access to food markets, δ13 C values were higher, suggesting a change to a diet based on C4 plants, typical of a Brazilian supermarket diet. The variability among inhabitants in the same location expressed by a significant inverse correlation between δ13 C and δ15 N fingernail values suggested that "market integration" does not affect everyone equally in each community. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The nutrition transition has not yet reached some remote villages in these regions of Brazil or that the nutrition transition has not yet reached all residents of these remote villages. On the other hand, in several villages there is a considerable adherence to the supermarket diet or that some residents of these villages are already favoring processed food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela B Nardoto
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Schor
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Regina F da Silva
- Departamento de Gestão Ambiental, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil
| | | | - Rui Sergio S Murrieta
- Laboratório de Arqueologia, Antropologia Ambiental e Evolutiva (LAAAE), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen A Camilo
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Emanoella D F Reinaldo
- Departamento de Gestão Ambiental, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil
| | | | | | - Plinio B de Camargo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica, CENA, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Z Moreira
- Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica, CENA, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Edmar A Mazzi
- Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica, CENA, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Duarte-Neto
- Departamento de Estatística e Informática, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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