Case report: Sepsis secondary to infected protracted parotid sialocele after maxillofacial oncologic surgery in a dog

An 8-year-old male intact mixed breed dog was treated for a 3.7×3×3.6 cm grade 1 multilobular osteochondrosarcoma (MLO) arising from the dorsal aspect of the right coronoid process with a coronoidectomy, a zygomectomy, and a caudal maxillectomy. Ten months later, the dog presented for a swelling near the right angular process, which was presumed to be a locoregional recurrence. Blood work and initial staging tests (abdominal ultrasound) had mild abnormalities of no clinical concern/significance. The dog was hospitalized with a plan for computed tomographic (CT) scan of skull and chest the following day. Overnight, the swelling rapidly increased, and the dog became laterally recumbent, febrile, and hypotensive. Laboratory evaluation revealed hypoglycemia, elevated lactate, and elevated band neutrophils with moderate toxicity, most consistent with sepsis. The dog was stabilized with fluid resuscitation, intravenous (IV) antibiotics, IV dextrose, and pressor support. Once stabilized, a contrast CT scan was performed, which revealed evidence of an infected parotid gland sialocele. To our knowledge, this is the first veterinary case that describes sepsis secondary to an infected protracted parotid sialocele.

Oral and Systemic Impacts of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Narrative Review

Electronic cigarette usage has become increasingly prevalent among all age groups, particularly over the past 10 years. While many of the effects of electronic cigarettes are still under investigation, systemic and oral impacts have begun to be elucidated. This article will discuss known systemic complications of electronic cigarette usage, known oral effects including pathological, microbiological, and anatomic factors, and considerations around smoking cessation efforts for electronic cigarette users. In reviewing these topics, this article will provide the dentist with considerations for evaluation and treatment of electronic cigarette users.

Acute myelogenous leukemia: advances and limitations of treatment

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) describes a group of related hematologic malignancies that are being approached therapeutically from several perspectives. Conventional chemotherapeutic agents, such as anthracyclines and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), are useful in treating AML but now appear to have reached their maximum potential. Newer therapeutic approaches to AML have recently focused on immune-based therapy through monoclonal antibodies that target and destroy malignant cells via specific cell receptors. One such agent is gemtuzumab (CMA-676), an agent that targets the CD33 antigen on malignant myeloid cells. Initial studies have shown significant anticancer activity. We will discuss traditional and newer therapeutic approaches to AML and review the role of monoclonal antibody based therapies for patients with AML. A case of a 30-year-old man with refractory AML who was treated with gemtuzumab will be mentioned, highlighting potential applications and possible limitations to this novel therapy. Despite the effective reduction in the number of malignant cells in bone marrow, gemtuzumab ineffectively treated extramedullary leukemic gingival infiltrate. Regardless of limitations, monoclonal-based therapy offers an exciting and potentially safer adjunctive therapy for patients with AML.