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Sherman E, Yvon M, Grab F, Zarate E, Green S, Bang KW, Pinu FR. Total Lipids and Fatty Acids in Major New Zealand Grape Varieties during Ripening, Prolonged Pomace Contacts and Ethanolic Extractions Mimicking Fermentation. Fermentation 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the important roles of lipids in winemaking, changes in lipids during grape ripening are largely unknown for New Zealand (NZ) varieties. Therefore, we aimed to determine the fatty acid profiles and total lipid content in two of NZ’s major grape varieties. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, absolute quantification of 45 fatty acids was determined in Sauvignon blanc (SB) and Pinot noir (PN) grapes harvested at two different stages of ripeness. Lipid concentrations were as high as 0.4 g/g in seeds of both varieties, while pulp contained the least amount. Many unsaturated fatty acids were present, particularly in grape seeds, while skin contained relatively higher amounts of saturated fatty acids that increased throughout ripening. For both varieties, a significant increase in lipid concentration was observed in grapes harvested at the later stage of ripeness, indicating an association between lipids and grape maturity, and providing a novel insight about the use of total lipids as another parameter of grape ripeness. A variety-specific trend in the development and extraction of grape lipids was found from the analysis of the must and ethanolic extracts. Lipid extraction increased linearly with the ethanol concentration and with the extended pomace contact time. More lipids were extracted from the SB pomace to the must than PN within 144 h, suggesting a must matrix effect on lipid extraction. The knowledge generated here is relevant to both industry and academia and can be used to develop lipid diversification strategies to produce different wine styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sherman
- Biological Chemistry and Bioactives Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Muriel Yvon
- Viticulture and Oenology Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Blenheim 7201, New Zealand
| | - Franzi Grab
- Viticulture and Oenology Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Blenheim 7201, New Zealand
| | - Erica Zarate
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Saras Green
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Kyung Whan Bang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Farhana R. Pinu
- Biological Chemistry and Bioactives Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
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Gladding PA, Cooper M, Young R, Loader S, Smith K, Zarate E, Green S, Villas Boas SG, Shepherd P, Kakadiya P, Thorstensen E, Keven C, Coe M, Jüllig M, Zhang E, Schlegel TT. Metabolomics and a Breath Sensor Identify Acetone as a Biomarker for Heart Failure. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010013. [PMID: 36671398 PMCID: PMC9856097 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-omics delivers more biological insight than targeted investigations. We applied multi-omics to patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS 46 patients with HFrEF and 20 controls underwent metabolomic profiling, including liquid/gas chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/GC-MS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) volatilomics in plasma and urine. HFrEF was defined using left ventricular global longitudinal strain, ejection fraction and NTproBNP. A consumer breath acetone (BrACE) sensor validated results in n = 73. RESULTS 28 metabolites were identified by GCMS, 35 by LCMS and 4 volatiles by SPME in plasma and urine. Alanine, aspartate and glutamate, citric acid cycle, arginine biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were altered in HFrEF. Plasma acetone correlated with NT-proBNP (r = 0.59, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.7), 2-oxovaleric and cis-aconitic acid, involved with ketone metabolism and mitochondrial energetics. BrACE > 1.5 ppm discriminated HF from other cardiac pathology (AUC 0.8, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.92, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Breath acetone discriminated HFrEF from other cardiac pathology using a consumer sensor, but was not cardiac specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. Gladding
- Cardiology Department, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland 0620, New Zealand; (M.C.); (R.Y.); (S.L.)
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
| | - Maxine Cooper
- Cardiology Department, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland 0620, New Zealand; (M.C.); (R.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Renee Young
- Cardiology Department, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland 0620, New Zealand; (M.C.); (R.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Suzanne Loader
- Cardiology Department, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland 0620, New Zealand; (M.C.); (R.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Kevin Smith
- Clinical Laboratory, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland 0622, New Zealand;
| | - Erica Zarate
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (E.Z.); (S.G.); (S.G.V.B.)
| | - Saras Green
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (E.Z.); (S.G.); (S.G.V.B.)
| | - Silas G. Villas Boas
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (E.Z.); (S.G.); (S.G.V.B.)
| | - Phillip Shepherd
- Grafton Genomics Ltd., Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Purvi Kakadiya
- Grafton Genomics Ltd., Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Eric Thorstensen
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (E.T.); (C.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Christine Keven
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (E.T.); (C.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Margaret Coe
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (E.T.); (C.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Mia Jüllig
- Paper Dog Ltd., Waiheke Island, Auckland 1081, New Zealand;
| | - Edmond Zhang
- Precision Driven Health Initiative, Auckland 1021, New Zealand;
| | - Todd T. Schlegel
- Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Nicollier-Schlegel Sàrl, 1270 Trélex, Switzerland
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Olivier FAB, Bang KW, Zarate E, Kinzurik M, Chudakova D, Ganley ARD, Villas-Boas SG. Aerial warfare: An inducible production of volatile bioactive metabolites in a novel species of Scytinostroma sp. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 158:103646. [PMID: 34826598 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may provide fungi an advantage over other competing microorganisms. As these defensive metabolites are often produced in response to microbial competitors, they are easily overlooked in axenic cultures. We used media supplemented with spent medium from Candida albicans to induce the expression of a broad-spectrum antimicrobial response in a previously uncharacterised white-rot fungus, Scytinostroma sp. Crude extractions of Scytinostroma sp. metabolites were found to be cytotoxic to fibroblast cells and antimicrobial to filamentous fungi, yeasts and Gram-positive bacteria. Volatile antimicrobial activity was observed for Scytinostroma sp. cultures and metabolite extracts using antimicrobial assays in bi-compartmentalised plates. Culture headspace analysis using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed a pronounced shift in Scytinostroma sp. VOCs when cultured on media supplemented with C. albicans spent medium. We observed a significant increase in the levels of 45 identified VOCs, including 7 metabolites with reported antimicrobial activity. Using preparative HPLC combined with GC-MS, we determined that isovelleral is likely to be the main broad-spectrum antimicrobial metabolite produced by Scytinostroma sp. Isovelleral is a sesquiterpene dialdehyde with both antibiotic and antifeedant properties, previously detected in fruit bodies of other Basidiomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françios A B Olivier
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Kyung W Bang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Erica Zarate
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Matias Kinzurik
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Daria Chudakova
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Austen R D Ganley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Silas G Villas-Boas
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 rue Bommel, Z.A.E. Robert Steichen, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg.
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Gladding PA, Loader S, Smith K, Zarate E, Green S, Villas-Boas S, Shepherd P, Kakadiya P, Hewitt W, Thorstensen E, Keven C, Coe M, Nakisa B, Vuong T, Rastgoo MN, Jüllig M, Starc V, Schlegel TT. Multiomics, virtual reality and artificial intelligence in heart failure. Future Cardiol 2021; 17:1335-1347. [PMID: 34008412 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2020-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Multiomics delivers more biological insight than targeted investigations. We applied multiomics to patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), with machine learning applied to advanced ECG (AECG) and echocardiography artificial intelligence (Echo AI). Patients & methods: In total, 46 patients with HFrEF and 20 controls underwent metabolomic profiling, including liquid/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and solid-phase microextraction volatilomics in plasma and urine. HFrEF was defined using left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain, EF and N-terminal pro hormone BNP. AECG and Echo AI were performed over 5 min, with a subset of patients undergoing a virtual reality mental stress test. Results: A-ECG had similar diagnostic accuracy as N-terminal pro hormone BNP for HFrEF (area under the curve = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.85-0.99), and correlated with global longitudinal strain (r = -0.77, p < 0.0001), while Echo AI-generated measurements correlated well with manually measured LV end diastolic volume r = 0.77, LV end systolic volume r = 0.8, LVEF r = 0.71, indexed left atrium volume r = 0.71 and indexed LV mass r = 0.6, p < 0.005. AI-LVEF and other HFrEF biomarkers had a similar discrimination for HFrEF (area under the curve AI-LVEF = 0.88; 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.15; p = 0.19). Virtual reality mental stress test elicited arrhythmic biomarkers on AECG and indicated blunted autonomic responsiveness (alpha 2 of RR interval variability, p = 1 × 10-4) in HFrEF. Conclusion: Multiomics-related machine learning shows promise for the assessment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Gladding
- Department of Cardiology, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland 0620, New Zealand
| | - Suzanne Loader
- Department of Cardiology, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland 0620, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Smith
- Clinical Laboratory, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland 0620, New Zealand
| | - Erica Zarate
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Saras Green
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Silas Villas-Boas
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Phillip Shepherd
- Grafton Genomics Ltd, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Purvi Kakadiya
- Grafton Genomics Ltd, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Will Hewitt
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Eric Thorstensen
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Christine Keven
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Margaret Coe
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Bahareh Nakisa
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Tan Vuong
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Mohammad Naim Rastgoo
- School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mia Jüllig
- Paper Dog Limited, Waiheke Island, Auckland 1081, New Zealand
| | - Vito Starc
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Todd T Schlegel
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 171 77, Switzerland.,Nicollier-Schlegel Sàrl, Trélex, Karolinaka 1270, Switzerland
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5
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Schwendel BH, Anekal PV, Zarate E, Bang KW, Guo G, Grey AC, Pinu FR. Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics to Investigate the Effect of Mechanical Shaking on Sauvignon Blanc Berry Metabolism. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:4918-4933. [PMID: 33856217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous commercial studies carried out in New Zealand showed that mechanical shaking significantly reduced the incidence of Botrytis cinerea infection in wine grapes. However, the reasons behind this reduction are not well understood. Here, we employed a metabolomics approach to gain insights into the biochemical changes that occur in grape berries due to mechanical shaking. Berry samples were analyzed using three different analytical approaches including gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS), liquid chromatography and MS, and imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). Combined data provided a comprehensive overview of metabolic changes in grape berry, indicating the initiation of different stress mitigation strategies to overcome the effect of mechanical shaking. Berry primary metabolism was distinctly altered in the green berries in response to mechanical shaking, while secondary metabolism significantly changed in berries collected after veraison. Pathway analysis showed upregulation of metabolites related to nitrogen and lipid metabolism in the berries from shaken vines when compared with controls. From IMS data, we observed an accumulation of different groups of metabolites including phenolic compounds and amino and fatty acids in the areas near to the skin of berries from shaken vines. This observation suggests that mechanical shaking caused an accumulation of these metabolites, which may be associated with the formation of a protective barrier, leading to the reduction in B. cinerea infection in berries from mechanically shaken vines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Heike Schwendel
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Praju Vikas Anekal
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Biomedical Imaging Research Unit, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Erica Zarate
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Kyung Whan Bang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - George Guo
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Angus C Grey
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Biomedical Imaging Research Unit, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Farhana R Pinu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
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6
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Loyo RM, Zarate E, Barbosa CS, Simoes-Barbosa A. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) reveals urine metabolites associated to light and heavy infections by Schistosoma mansoni in mice. Parasitol Int 2020; 80:102239. [PMID: 33157242 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput profiling of metabolites has been used to identify metabolic changes in murine models as a response to the infection by the parasitic trematode Schistosoma. These investigations have contributed to our understanding on the pathogenesis of this tropical neglected disease, with a potential of helping diagnosis. Here, our study aimed to investigate the application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) on the profiling of urine metabolites from mice carrying infections by Schistosoma mansoni. Two larval infection doses created distinctive infection intensities in mice, whereby the heavily infected animals were found to release 25 times more eggs in faeces than lightly infected animals. Over 200 urine metabolites were identified from these animals by GC/MS, following two complementary derivatisation methods. A list of 14 individual metabolites with altered relative abundances between groups were identified. Most of the altered metabolites showed a trend of increased abundances in response to infection intensity, indicating host-specific metabolic alterations as a result of the disease. Hippurate, a metabolite which concentration is intimately modulated by the gut microbiota, was found to be highly correlated to infection intensity. Our study showed that urine metabolic profiling by GC/MS can distinguish non-infected animals from those carrying light and heavy infections by S. mansoni, revealing metabolites associated to the infection and providing insights on the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Moraes Loyo
- Laboratory and reference service on Schistosomiasis, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, PE, Brazil; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Erica Zarate
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Constança Simões Barbosa
- Laboratory and reference service on Schistosomiasis, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Gladding P, Young R, Cooper M, Holland U, Loader S, Chapman L, Chapman A, Smith K, Zarate E, Villas-Boas S, Green S, Thorstensen E, Keven C. Metabolomics and a breath sensor identify acetone as a biomarker for heart failure. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Metabolomics delivers more biological and clinical insight than targeted investigations. We applied metabolomics to patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
Methods
46 patients with HFrEF and 20 controls underwent metabolomic profiling, including liquid/gas chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) volatilomics in plasma and urine. HFrEF was defined using left ventricular global longitudal strain (GLS) <18%, ejection fraction <50% and NTproBNP ≥35 pmol/L. A low cost consumer breath acetone (BrACE) sensor validated SPME results in 69 patients.
Results
34 metabolites were identified by GCMS, 33 by LCMS and 2 volatiles by SPME (acetone, 2-pentanone in plasma and urine). Alanine, aspartate and glutamate, citric acid cycle, arginine biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were altered in HFrEF. Plasma acetone correlated with NT-proBNP (r=0.59, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.7), triacylglycerol (55:9), 2-oxovaleric and cis-aconitic acid, involved with ketone metabolism and mitochondrial energetics. BrACE >1.5 ppm discriminated HF from other cardiac pathology (AUC 0.88, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.99, P<0.0001).
Conclusion
Breath acetone was detectable in HFrEF patients using a consumer sensor ($1/test) and although not cardiac specific, discriminated HF from other cardiac pathology.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Health Research Council of New Zealand
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Affiliation(s)
- P.A Gladding
- Waitemata District Health Board, Cardiology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R Young
- Waitemata District Health Board, Cardiology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M Cooper
- Waitemata District Health Board, Cardiology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - U Holland
- Waitemata District Health Board, Cardiology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Loader
- Waitemata District Health Board, Cardiology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - L Chapman
- Waitemata District Health Board, Cardiology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A Chapman
- Waitemata District Health Board, Cardiology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - K Smith
- Waitemata District Health Board, Cardiology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E Zarate
- The University of Auckland, School of Biological Science, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Villas-Boas
- The University of Auckland, School of Biological Science, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Green
- The University of Auckland, School of Biological Science, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E Thorstensen
- The University of Auckland, Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C Keven
- The University of Auckland, Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zealand
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Souza RT, McKenzie EJ, Jones B, de Seymour JV, Thomas MM, Zarate E, Han TL, McCowan L, Sulek K, Villas-Boas S, Kenny LC, Cecatti JG, Baker PN. Trace biomarkers associated with spontaneous preterm birth from the maternal serum metabolome of asymptomatic nulliparous women - parallel case-control studies from the SCOPE cohort. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13701. [PMID: 31548567 PMCID: PMC6757051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediction of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in asymptomatic women remains a great challenge; accurate and reproducible screening tools are still not available in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate whether the maternal serum metabolome together with clinical factors could be used to identify asymptomatic women at risk of sPTB. We conducted two case-control studies using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyse maternal serum samples collected at 15- and 20-weeks' gestation from 164 nulliparous women from Cork, and 157 from Auckland. Smoking and vaginal bleeding before 15 weeks were the only significant clinical predictors of sPTB for Auckland and Cork subsets, respectively. Decane, undecane, and dodecane were significantly associated with sPTB (FDR < 0.05) in the Cork subset. An odds ratio of 1.9 was associated with a one standard deviation increase in log (undecane) in a multiple logistic regression which also included vaginal bleeding as a predictor. In summary, elevated serum levels of the alkanes decane, undecane, and dodecane were associated with sPTB in asymptomatic nulliparous women from Cork, but not in the Auckland cohort. The association is not strong enough to be a useful clinical predictor, but suggests that further investigation of the association between oxidative stress processes and sPTB risk is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato T Souza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Erica Zarate
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ting Li Han
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Louise C Kenny
- The Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - José G Cecatti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Philip N Baker
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Nguyen TV, Alfaro AC, Young T, Green S, Zarate E, Merien F. Itaconic acid inhibits growth of a pathogenic marine Vibrio strain: A metabolomics approach. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5937. [PMID: 30976014 PMCID: PMC6459830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial role of itaconic acid (ITA) has been recently discovered in mammalian cells. In our previous studies, we discovered that marine molluscs biosynthesise substantial quantities of ITA when exposed to marine pathogens, but its antimicrobial function to Vibrio bacteria is currently unknown. Thus, in this study, we used an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) platform to identify metabolic changes of Vibrio sp. DO1 (V. corallyliticus/neptunius-like isolate) caused by ITA exposure. Vibrio sp. DO1 was cultured in Luria-Bertani broth supplemented with 3 mM sodium acetate and with different concentrations of ITA (0, 3 and 6 mM) for 24 h. The results showed that ITA completely inhibited Vibrio sp. growth at 6 mM and partially inhibited the bacterial growth at 3 mM. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a clear separation between metabolite profiles of Vibrio sp. DO1 in the 3 mM ITA treatment and the control, which were different in 25 metabolites. Among the altered metabolites, the accumulation of glyoxylic acid and other metabolites in glyoxylate cycle (cis-aconitic acid, isocitric acid and fumaric acid) together with the increase of isocitrate lyase (ICL) activity in the 3 mM ITA treatment compared to the control suggest that ITA inhibited Vibrio sp. growth via disruption of central carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Van Nguyen
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Tim Young
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Saras Green
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erica Zarate
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabrice Merien
- AUT-Roche Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Gladding P, Dugo C, Wynne Y, Semple H, Smith K, Shepherd P, Zarate E, Larsen P, Vilas-Boas S. Screening for Cardiac Disease with Genetic Risk Scoring, Advanced ECG, Echocardiography, Protein Biomarkers and Metabolomics. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Marrugo J, Zarate E, Meza C, Ocampo Y, Franco L, Martinez B, Hernandez’ L, Lopez-Lluch G, Rodriguez-Aguilera J. SUN-P142: Bixin Inhibit the Expression of Th2 Cytokines Repressing NF-KB Transcription Factor. Clin Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(17)30485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Latham P, Zarate E, White PF, Bossard R, Shi C, Morse LS, Douning LK, Chi L. Fast-track cardiac anesthesia: a comparison of remifentanil plus intrathecal morphine with sufentanil in a desflurane-based anesthetic. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2000; 14:645-51. [PMID: 11139102 DOI: 10.1053/jcan.2000.18304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of an intravenous remifentanil infusion plus intrathecal morphine with intravenous sufentanil infusion with respect to intraoperative hemodynamic variables, extubation times, and recovery profiles when administered as part of a desflurane-based fast-track anesthetic regimen for cardiac surgery. DESIGN A prospective, randomized, nonblinded study. SETTING University hospital. PARTICIPANTS Forty patients undergoing elective primary coronary artery bypass graft, aortic valve replacement, or mitral valve replacement surgery. INTERVENTIONS After a standardized anesthetic induction, anesthesia was maintained with a remifentanil infusion, 0.1 microg/kg/min, and desflurane, 3% to 10%, inspired (group I, n = 20) or a sufentanil infusion, 0.3 microg/kg/h, and desflurane, 3% to 10%, inspired (group II, n = 20). Patients receiving remifentanil were administered intrathecal morphine, 8 microg/ kg, for postoperative analgesia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Both anesthetic regimens provided comparable intraoperative hemodynamic stability and similar recovery profiles, with extubation times of 5.1 +/- 4.3 hours (group I) and 5.8 +/- 6.7 hours (group II). CONCLUSIONS Use of remifentanil in combination with intrathecal morphine did not facilitate earlier tracheal extubation or improve intraoperative hemodynamic stability compared with sufentanil alone for fast-track cardiac anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Latham
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 75235-9068, USA
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Zarate E, Latham P, White PF, Bossard R, Morse L, Douning LK, Shi C, Chi L. Fast-track cardiac anesthesia: use of remifentanil combined with intrathecal morphine as an alternative to sufentanil during desflurane anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2000; 91:283-7. [PMID: 10910832 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-200008000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this cardiac fast-track study was to evaluate the use of remifentanil (R) combined with intrathecal (IT) morphine as an alternative to sufentanil (S) during desflurane anesthesia with respect to postoperative pain control. Prior to entering the operating room, patients in the R group (n = 20) received morphine, 8 microg/kg IT. Anesthesia was induced using a standardized anesthetic technique in all patients. In the R group, anesthesia was maintained with R, 0.1 microg. kg(-1). min(-1) in combination with desflurane 3-10%. In the S group (n = 20), patients received S 0.3 microg. kg(-1). h(-1) and desflurane 3-10%. There were no differences between the two groups with respect to time from arrival in the intensive care unit to tracheal extubation (5.1 +/- 4.3 h vs 5.8 +/- 6.7 h for R and S groups, respectively). After extubation, patients in the R group had significantly lower visual analog pain scores, reduced patient-controlled analgesic requirements, and greater satisfaction with their perioperative pain management, compared with patients in the S group. We conclude that R combined with IT morphine provided superior pain control after cardiac surgery compared with a S-based general anesthetic technique. IMPLICATIONS As part of a cardiac fast-tracking program involving desflurane anesthesia, the use of intrathecal morphine in combination with a remifentanil infusion provided improved postoperative pain control, compared with IV sufentanil alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zarate
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 75235-9068, USA
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Zarate E, Watcha MF, White PF, Klein KW, Sa Rego M, Stewart DG. A comparison of the costs and efficacy of ondansetron versus dolasetron for antiemetic prophylaxis. Anesth Analg 2000; 90:1352-8. [PMID: 10825320 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-200006000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The optimal dose and timing of 5-HT(3) antagonist administration for prophylaxis against postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains controversial. Although 5-HT(3) antagonists seem to be most effective when administered near the end of surgery, there are no data on the comparative efficacy or costs associated with the 5-HT(3) antagonists dolasetron and ondansetron when administered at the end of the operation. In this double-blinded study, 200 outpatients undergoing otolaryngologic procedures with a standardized general anesthetic received 4 (O4) or 8 mg (O8) of ondansetron or 12.5 (D12.5) or 25 mg (D25) of dolasetron IV within 30 min before the end of surgery. A blinded observer recorded the emetic episodes, maximum nausea score, recovery room resource and drug use, nursing time spent managing PONV, times to achieve discharge criteria from the Phase 1 and 2 recovery units, postdischarge emesis, and patient satisfaction. Total costs were calculated by using the perspective of a free-standing surgicenter. There were no differences in patient demographics, incidence of PONV, need for rescue medications, time spent in the recovery areas, unanticipated hospital admissions, or patient satisfaction among the four treatment groups. The mean total costs (95% confidence intervals) to prevent PONV in one patient were lowest in the D12.5 group: $23.89 (17.18-28.79) vs $37.81 (30.29-45.32), $33.91 (28.92-39.35), and $75.18 (61.13-89.24) for D25, O4, and O8, respectively. Excluding nursing labor costs did not alter this finding: $18.51 (14.18-22.85), $34.77 (28.03-41.49), $31.77 (28. 92-39.35), and $71.76 (58.17-85.35) for D12.5, D25, O4, and O8, respectively. We conclude that 12.5 mg of dolasetron IV is more cost effective than 4 mg of ondansetron IV for preventing PONV after otolaryngologic surgery and is associated with similar patient satisfaction. IMPLICATIONS When administered at the end of surgery, 12.5 mg of dolasetron IV is as effective as 25 mg of dolasetron IV, 4 mg of ondansetron IV, and 8 mg of ondansetron IV in preventing emetic symptoms after otolaryngologic surgery and was associated with similar patient satisfaction at a reduced cost. There were no differences in the antiemetic efficacy of the 4 and 8 mg doses of ondansetron.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zarate
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235-9068, USA
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Song D, Whitten CW, White PF, Yu SY, Zarate E. Antiemetic activity of propofol after sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia for outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anesthesiology 1998; 89:838-43. [PMID: 9778000 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199810000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy exists regarding the effectiveness of propofol to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. This prospective, randomized, single-blinded study was designed to evaluate the antiemetic effectiveness of 0.5 mg/kg propofol when administered intravenously after sevoflurane- compared with desflurane-based anesthesia. METHODS Two hundred fifty female outpatients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were assigned randomly to one of four treatment groups. All patients were induced with intravenous doses of 2 mg midazolam, 2 microg/kg fentanyl, and 2 mg/kg propofol and maintained with either 1-4% sevoflurane (groups 1 and 2) or 2-8% desflurane (groups 3 and 4) in combination with 65% nitrous oxide in oxygen. At skin closure, patients in groups 1 and 3 were administered 5 ml intravenous saline, and patients in groups 2 and 4 were administered 0.5 mg/kg propofol intravenously. Recovery times were recorded from discontinuation of anesthesia to awakening, orientation, and readiness to be released home. Postoperative nausea and vomiting and requests for antiemetic rescue medication were evaluated during the first 24 h after surgery. RESULTS Propofol, in an intravenous dose of 0.5 mg/kg, administered at the end of a sevoflurane-nitrous oxide or desflurane-nitrous oxide anesthetic prolonged the times to awakening and orientation by 40-80% and 25-30%, respectively. In group 2 (compared with groups 1, 3, and 4), the incidences of emesis (22% compared with 47%, 53%, and 47%) and requests for antiemetic rescue medication (19% compared with 42%, 50%, and 47%) within the first 6 h after surgery were significantly lower, and the time to home-readiness was significantly shorter in duration (216 +/- 50 min vs. 249 +/- 49 min, 260 +/- 88 min, and 254 +/- 72 min, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A subhypnotic intravenous dose of propofol (0.5 mg/kg) administered at the end of outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures was more effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after a sevoflurane-based (compared with a desflurane-based) anesthetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 75235-9068, USA
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Lujan M, Llorente C, Romero I, Pinto I, Lobato RF, Zarate E, Berenguer A. Application of self-expanding stents in prostate cancer with rectal involvement. Report of two cases and review of the literature. Eur Urol 1997; 31:251-3. [PMID: 9076477 DOI: 10.1159/000474461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rectal involvement due to local spread from prostate cancer is an uncommon finding. When this condition occurs, prognosis is ominous. Our objective is to report our experience in the use of self-expanding endorectal stents in the management of rectal invasion from prostate cancer. Two cases are presented and a review of the literature is carried out. METHODS AND RESULTS In both cases, self-expanding Wallstent devices were placed (under fluoroscopic control), in order to solve their episodes of bowel obstruction. It was successfully performed in both patients. Therefore, an open surgery procedure was avoided. CONCLUSIONS When facing the evidence of a tumor that invades the rectal wall, it is important to rule out the existence of prostate cancer (the surgical option in these patients carries an ominous prognosis). Therefore, we propose this new procedure whose results could be very satisfactory in certain settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lujan
- Department of Urology, Getafe University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Lucchini A, Maturana J, Apablaza H, Zarate E, Medina LA, Ortíz S. [Gastric cyst]. Rev Med Chil 1974; 102:379-82. [PMID: 4471404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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