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Fischer EA, Barajas R, Kalam KA, Rao SJ, Chou J, Calderon LM, Weisman DS. The Ultrasound Hepato-Jugular Reflux: Measuring the Hepato-Jugular Reflux with Ultrasound with Comparison to Invasive Right Heart Catheterization. Am J Med 2024:S0002-9343(24)00097-4. [PMID: 38401676 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound can overcome barriers to visualizing the internal jugular vein, allowing hepato-jugular reflux and jugular venous pressure measurement. We aimed to determine operating characteristics of the ultrasound hepato-jugular reflux and ultrasound jugular venous pressure predicting right atrial and pulmonary capillary occlusion pressures. METHODS In a prospective observational cohort at three US academic hospitals the hepato-jugular reflux and jugular venous pressure were measured with ultrasound before right heart catheterization. Receiver operating curves, likelihood ratios, and regression models were utilized to compare the ultrasound hepato-jugular reflux and ultrasound jugular venous pressure to the right atrial and pulmonary capillary occlusion pressures. RESULTS In 99 adults undergoing right heart catheterization, an ultrasound hepato-jugular reflux had a negative likelihood ratio of 0.4 if 0 cm and a positive likelihood ratio of 4.3 if ≥ 1.5 cm for predicting a pulmonary capillary occlusion pressure ≥ 15 mmHg. Regression modeling predicting pulmonary capillary occlusion pressure was not only improved by including the ultrasound hepato-jugular reflux (P < .001), it was the more impactful predictor compared with the ultrasound jugular venous pressure (adjusted odds ratio 2.6 vs 1.2). The ultrasound hepato-jugular reflux showed substantial agreement (kappa 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.30-1.21), with poor agreement for the ultrasound jugular venous pressure (kappa 0.11; 95% confidence interval, -0.37-0.58). CONCLUSION In patients undergoing right heart catheterization, the ultrasound hepato-jugular reflux is reproducible, has modest impact on the probability of a normal pulmonary capillary occlusion pressure when 0 cm, and more substantial impact on the probability of an elevated pulmonary capillary occlusion pressure when ≥ 1.5 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest A Fischer
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC.
| | | | - Kazi A Kalam
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Shiavax J Rao
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Md
| | - Jiling Chou
- Center for Biostatistics, Informatics and Data Science, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Md
| | - Luis M Calderon
- Division of Cardiology, Medstar Heart & Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | - David S Weisman
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Md
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Walsh MH, Smyth LM, Desy JR, Fischer EA, Goffi A, Li N, Lee M, St‐Pierre J, Ma IWY. Lung ultrasound: A comparison of image interpretation accuracy between curvilinear and phased array transducers. Australas J Ultrasound Med 2023; 26:150-156. [PMID: 37701767 PMCID: PMC10493348 DOI: 10.1002/ajum.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Both curvilinear and phased array transducers are commonly used to perform lung ultrasound (LUS). This study seeks to compare LUS interpretation accuracy of images obtained using a curvilinear transducer with those obtained using a phased array transducer. Methods We invited 166 internists and trainees to interpret 16 LUS images/cineloops of eight patients in an online survey: eight curvilinear and eight phased array, performed on the same lung location. Images depicted normal lung, pneumothorax, pleural irregularities, consolidation/hepatisation, pleural effusions and B-lines. Primary outcome for each participant is the difference in image interpretation accuracy scores between the two transducers. Results A total of 112 (67%) participants completed the survey. The mean paired accuracy score difference between the curvilinear and phased array images was 3.0% (95% CI: 0.6 to 5.4%, P = 0.015). For novices, scores were higher on curvilinear images (mean difference: 5.4%, 95% CI: 0.9 to 9.9%, P = 0.020). For non-novices, there were no differences between the two transducers (mean difference: 1.4%, 95% CI: -1.1 to 3.9%, P = 0.263). For pleural-based findings, the mean of the paired differences between transducers was higher in the novice group (estimated mean difference-in-differences: 9.5%, 95% CI: 0.6 to 18.4%; P = 0.036). No difference in mean accuracies was noted between novices and non-novices for non-pleural-based pathologies (estimated mean difference-in-differences: 0.6%, 95% CI to 5.4-6.6%; P = 0.837). Conclusions Lung ultrasound images obtained using the curvilinear transducer are associated with higher interpretation accuracy than the phased array transducer. This is especially true for novices interpreting pleural-based pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Walsh
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Leo M. Smyth
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Janeve R. Desy
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Department of Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Ernest A. Fischer
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of MedicineMedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Alberto Goffi
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine and Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- St. Michael's Hospital and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Research CentreUnity Health TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Na Li
- Department of Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Matthew Lee
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Joëlle St‐Pierre
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Irene W. Y. Ma
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Department of Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
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Rampon G, Jia S, Agrawal R, Arnold N, Martín-Quirόs A, Fischer EA, Malatack J, Jagan N, Sergew A, Case AH, Miller K, Tanios M, Doros G, Ross CS, Garcia MA, Gillmeyer KR, Griffiths NG, Jandali B, Modzelewski KL, Rucci JM, Simpson SQ, Walkey AJ, Bosch NA. Smartphone-Guided Self-prone Positioning vs Usual Care in Nonintubated Hospital Ward Patients With COVID-19: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial. Chest 2022; 162:782-791. [PMID: 35597286 PMCID: PMC9116967 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe, effective, and easily implementable treatments that reduce the progression of respiratory failure in COVID-19 are urgently needed. Despite the increased adoption of prone positioning during the pandemic, the effectiveness of this technique on progression of respiratory failure among nonintubated patients is unclear. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the effectiveness of smartphone-guided self-prone positioning recommendations and instructions compared with usual care in reducing progression of respiratory failure among nonintubated patients with COVID-19? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Awake Prone Position for Early Hypoxemia in COVID-19 (APPEX-19) is a multicenter randomized clinical trial that randomized nonintubated adults with COVID-19 on < 6 L/min of supplemental oxygen to receive a smartphone-guided self-prone positioning intervention or usual care. The primary outcome was the composite of respiratory deterioration (an increase in supplemental oxygen requirement) or ICU transfer. Using a Bayesian statistical approach, the posterior probability of superiority within each treatment arm (superiority threshold 95%) was calculated. RESULTS The trial was stopped early for slow enrollment. A total of 293 participants were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis (159 self-prone positioning intervention and 134 usual care). Among participants who self-reported body positioning (n = 139 [70 intervention, 69 usual care]), 71.4% in the intervention arm and 59.4% in the usual care arm attempted prone positioning. Thirty-one participants (posterior mean, 24.7%; 95% credible interval, 18.6-31.4) receiving usual care and 32 participants (posterior mean, 22.1%; 95% credible interval, 16.6-28.1) receiving the self-prone positioning intervention experienced the primary outcome; the posterior probability of superiority for the self-prone positioning intervention was 72.1%, less than the 95% threshold for superiority. Adverse events occurred in 26.9% of participants in the usual care arm and in 11.9% of participants in the intervention arm. INTERPRETATION Among nonintubated patients with COVID-19, smartphone-guided self-prone positioning recommendations and instructions did not promote strong adherence to prone positioning. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT04344587; URL: www. CLINICALTRIALS gov.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shijing Jia
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ritwick Agrawal
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Ernest A. Fischer
- Georgetown University and MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - James Malatack
- Georgetown University and MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | | | - Amen Sergew
- Saint Joseph’s Hospital and National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | | | - Kristin Miller
- Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Maged Tanios
- Long Beach Medical Center-MemorialCare, Long Beach, CA
| | | | - Craig S. Ross
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Michael A. Garcia
- Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Kari R. Gillmeyer
- Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Badr Jandali
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | | | - Justin M. Rucci
- Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Allan J. Walkey
- Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Nicholas A. Bosch
- Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA,CORRESPONDENCE TO: Nicholas A. Bosch, MD
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Fischer EA, Minami T, Ma IWY, Yasukawa K. Lung Ultrasound for Pleural Line Abnormalities, Confluent B-Lines, and Consolidation: Expert Reproducibility and a Method of Standardization. J Ultrasound Med 2022; 41:2097-2107. [PMID: 34845735 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Discrete B-lines have clear definitions, but confluent B-lines, consolidations, and pleural line abnormalities are less well defined. We proposed definitions for these and determined their reproducibility using COVID-19 patient images obtained with phased array probes. METHODS Two raters collaborated to refine definitions, analyzing disagreements on 107 derivation scans from 10 patients. Refined definitions were used by those raters and an independent rater on 1260 validation scans from 105 patients. Reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) or Cohen's kappa. RESULTS The agreement was excellent between collaborating raters for B-line abnormalities, ICC = 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97-0.98) and pleural line to consolidation abnormalities, ICC = 0.90 (95% CI 0.87-0.92). The independent rater's agreement for B-line abnormalities was excellent, ICC = 0.97 (95% CI 0.96-0.97) and for pleural line to consolidation was good, ICC = 0.88 (95% CI 0.84-0.91). Agreement just on pleural line abnormalities was weak (collaborators, κ = 0.54, 95% CI 0.48-0.60; independent, κ = 0.54, 95% CI 0.49-0.59). CONCLUSION With proposed definitions or via collaboration, overall agreement on confluent B-lines and pleural line to consolidation abnormalities was robust. Pleural line abnormality agreement itself was persistently weak and caution should be used interpreting pleural line abnormalities with only a phased array probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest A Fischer
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Taro Minami
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Care New England Medical Group, Pawtucket, RI, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Irene W Y Ma
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kosuke Yasukawa
- Division of Ultrasound in Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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DeMarco GB, Jiang Q, Fischer EA. POCUS Finding of Portal Venous Gas: An Unusual Consequence of an Amyloid Dysmotility Related Bezoar. POCUS J 2022; 7:201-204. [PMID: 36896385 PMCID: PMC9983721 DOI: 10.24908/pocus.v7i2.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A 73-year-old male with a recent finding of pericardial effusion and syncope was evaluated with point of care ultrasound for recurrent effusion. A thickened left ventricle and recurrent pericardial effusion were found. Unexpectedly, on scanning the inferior vena cava (IVC), extensive portal venous gas was identified, a finding previously described as a "meteor shower". Subsequent imaging by computed tomography (CT) identified gastric edema and peri-gastric vessel gas as the source of the portal gas, attributed to a large bezoar. The bezoar was later classified as a phytobezoar and the patient was found to have both cardiac and gastrointestinal manifestations of light chain amyloidosis. The gastrointestinal amyloidosis predisposed the patient to bezoar formation owing to associated dysmotility, a rare complication of an unusual manifestation of systemic amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace B DeMarco
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC
| | - Qiuchen Jiang
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC
| | - Ernest A Fischer
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC
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Fischer EA. Optic nerve sheath diameter ultrasound: Yes, No, and Maybe? J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2021; 2:e12494. [PMID: 34223446 PMCID: PMC8243256 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest A Fischer
- Division of Hospital Medicine Department of Medicine MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington District of Columbia USA
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7
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Yasukawa K, Minami T, Boulware DR, Shimada A, Fischer EA. Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound for COVID-19: Findings and Prognostic Implications From 105 Consecutive Patients. J Intensive Care Med 2021; 36:334-342. [PMID: 33535883 PMCID: PMC7863119 DOI: 10.1177/0885066620988831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: The prognostic value of point-of-care lung ultrasound has not been evaluated in a large cohort of patients with COVID-19 admitted to general medicine ward in the United States. The aim of this study was to describe lung ultrasound findings and their prognostic value in patients with COVID-19 admitted to internal medicine ward. Method: This prospective observational study consecutively enrolled 105 hospitalized participants with COVID-19 at 2 tertiary care centers. Ultrasound was performed in 12 lung zones within 24 hours of admission. Findings were assessed relative to 4 outcomes: intensive care unit (ICU) need, need for intensive respiratory support, length of stay, and death. Results: We detected abnormalities in 92% (97/105) of participants. The common findings were confluent B-lines (92%), non-homogenous pleural lines (78%), and consolidations (54%). Large confluent B-lines, consolidations, bilateral involvement, and any abnormality in ≥ 6 areas were associated with a longer hospitalization and need for intensive respiratory support. Large confluent B-lines and bilateral involvement were also associated with ICU stay. A total lung ultrasound score <5 had a negative predictive value of 100% for the need of intensive respiratory support. A higher total lung ultrasound score was associated with ICU need (median total 18 in the ICU group vs. 11 non-ICU, p = 0.004), a hospitalization ≥ 9d (15 vs 10, p = 0.016) and need for intensive respiratory support (18 vs. 8.5, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Most patients hospitalized with COVID-19 had lung ultrasound abnormalities on admission and a higher lung ultrasound score was associated with worse clinical outcomes except death. A low total lung ultrasound score (<5) had a negative predictive value of 100% for the need of intensive respiratory support. Point-of-care ultrasound can aid in the risk stratification for patients with COVID-19 admitted to general wards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yasukawa
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, 8405MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Taro Minami
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Care New England Medical Group, Pawtucket, RI, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David R Boulware
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, 5635University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ayako Shimada
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ernest A Fischer
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Ochoa S, Segal J, Garcia N, Fischer EA. Three-Dimensional Printed Cardiac Models for Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Instruction. J Ultrasound Med 2019; 38:1405-1409. [PMID: 30246888 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focused cardiac ultrasonography (FCU) is an increasingly integral component of routine medical training and practice. While various instructional methods have been described, few attempts have been made to incorporate a physical 3-dimensional (3D) instructional aid. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine if a 3D printed heart model workshop for FCU instruction leads to equivalent structure recognition and scanning ability compared to traditional didactic FCU instruction. INTERVENTION Twenty first-year medical students with no point-of-care ultrasonography experience were randomly assigned to a traditional lecture (n = 10) or a 3D printed heart model workshop (n = 10). Written examinations at 0 and 3 months as well as image acquisition at 3 months were compared. RESULTS The median scores from the initial written structure identification in the traditional and 3D heart groups were 74% and 90%, respectively (P = 0.7). The second written exam at 3 months yielded median scores of 56% and 58% in the traditional and 3D heart groups, respectively (P = 0.8). The average scores on the image acquisition practical at 3 months were 3.3 of 5 and 2.7 of 5 (P = 0.1) in the traditional and 3D heart groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Utilizing 3D heart models in an FCU workshop format results in similar skill acquisition and knowledge retention as traditional didactics. The 3D heart models are relatively inexpensive, portable, and reusable, enabling learners to practice repeatedly and at flexible intervals. The reduction in ongoing expenses and the ability to teach large groups may decrease training costs as well as the need for local faculty expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noah Garcia
- Gertler & Wente Architects LLP, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ernest A Fischer
- Georgetown University Medical Center
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Fischer EA, Lo JY, Markey MK. Bayesian networks of BI-RADStrade mark descriptors for breast lesion classification. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007; 2004:3031-4. [PMID: 17270917 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1403858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We investigated Bayesian network structure learning and probability estimation from mammographic feature data in order to classify breast lesions into different pathological categories. We compared the learned networks to naive Bayes classifiers, which are similar to the expert systems previously investigated for breast lesion classification. The learned network structures reflect the difference in the classification of biopsy outcome and the invasiveness of malignant lesions for breast masses and microcalcifications. The difference between masses and microcalcifications should be taken into consideration when interpreting systems for automatic pathological classification of breast lesions. The difference may also affect use of these systems for tasks such as estimating the sampling error of biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Fischer
- Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Texas Univ., Austin, TX, USA
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10
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Fischer EA, Friedman MA, Markey MK. Empirical comparison of tests for differential expression on time-series microarray experiments. Genomics 2007; 89:460-70. [PMID: 17188839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Methods for identifying differentially expressed genes were compared on time-series microarray data simulated from artificial gene networks. Select methods were further analyzed on existing immune response data of Boldrick et al. (2002, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 972-977). Based on the simulations, we recommend the ANOVA variants of Cui and Churchill. Efron and Tibshirani's empirical Bayes Wilcoxon rank sum test is recommended when the background cannot be effectively corrected. Our proposed GSVD-based differential expression method was shown to detect subtle changes. ANOVA combined with GSVD was consistent on background-normalized simulation data. GSVD with empirical Bayes was consistent without background correction. Based on the Boldrick et al. data, ANOVA is best suited to detect changes in temporal data, while GSVD and empirical Bayes effectively detect individual spikes or overall shifts, respectively. For methods tested on simulation data, lowess after background correction improved results. On simulation data without background correction, lowess decreased performance compared to median centering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest A Fischer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Campus Code C0800, 1 University Station, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Fischer EA, Friedman M, Markey MK. Empirical comparison of tests for differential expression on simulated time series microarray experiments. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2006; 2006:921. [PMID: 17238540 PMCID: PMC1839752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Methods for identifying differential expression were compared on time series microarray data from artificial gene networks. Identifying differential expression was dependent on normalization and whether the background was removed. Loess after background correction improved results for most methods. On data without background correction median centering improved performance. We recommend Cui and Churchill's ANOVA variants on background subtracted data and Efron and Tibshirani's Empirical Bayes Wilcoxon Rank Sum test when the background cannot be removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest A Fischer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Coddington DC, Fischer EA, Moore KD. Strategies for integrated health care systems. Healthc Leadersh Manag Rep 2001; 9:8-15. [PMID: 11828594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Coddington DC, Fischer EA, Moore KD. Characteristics of successful health care systems. Health Forum J 2000; 43:40-5. [PMID: 11186661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Palmquist LE, Coddington DC, Fischer EA. It doesn't come easy. A survey of hospital CEOs gives insight into collaboration. Health Forum J 2000; 43:34-7, 50. [PMID: 11010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
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Tattevin P, Fischer EA, Ronco PM, Rossert JA, Vasseur E, Mougenot B. Granulomatous nephritis in an AIDS patient treated with combination antiretroviral therapy and infection with Mycobacterium avium. Am J Med 1999; 107:642-3. [PMID: 10625038 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Coddington DC, Moore KD, Fischer EA. Fight, copy or cooperate? How hospitals can respond to poaching by PPMs. Healthc Forum J 1998; 41:44-6, 48. [PMID: 10185472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Fischer EA. Managed care. Lowering prices to get a rise out of payors. Contemp Longterm Care 1998; 21:32. [PMID: 10178943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Fischer EA. How to make sure you're in their plans. Contemp Longterm Care 1998; 21:28, 31. [PMID: 10177829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Fischer EA, Coddington DC. Integrated health care: passing fad or lasting legacy? Healthc Financ Manage 1998; 52:42, 44-8. [PMID: 10175106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The breakup of several integrated delivery systems (IDSs), and a continuing focus on the failures of many of these organizations to live up to expectations, suggests that integration may be a passing trend. Nonetheless, some systems, particularly those driven by multispecialty clinics, are achieving considerable marketplace success. Integrated systems that base their strategies on delivering value-added services to patients and healthcare purchasers still appear viable. Strategies typically used by IDSs include developing primary care networks, gainsharing with or owning health plans, reducing clinical variation, demonstrating high quality, cutting costs, and developing a seamless system of care. Primary care strategies are especially controversial given the fact that most hospital-affiliated primary care practices are losing money. However, research indicates that primary network development is one of the strategies that adds the most value for consumers and, thus, may be assumed to be of particular benefit to IDSs. Strategies aimed at reducing clinical variation can be expected to reap huge long-term benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Fischer
- Moore Fischer Coddington LLC, Denver, CO, USA
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Coddington DC, Moore KD, Fischer EA. Physician leaders in integrated delivery. Med Group Manage J 1997; 44:84-8, 90. [PMID: 10174976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
It's common to hear the analogy comparing organizing physicians to "herding cats." Actual practice proves the adage false. Physicians are taking leadership roles in the formation of integrated systems across the country. Their input is proving invaluable. Based on case studies of integrated systems, the authors answer commonly asked questions about physician leaders, including: Should physician leaders be specilists? Should they continue to practice? and What will expensive physicians do to our administrative overhead?
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Coddington DC, Moore KD, Fischer EA. Optimizing primary care services. J Healthc Resour Manag 1996; 14:15-9. [PMID: 10162191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the most recent and pervasive trends in healthcare is the restructuring of primary care. In many markets, the solo family practice physicians increasingly family practice physician is a thing of the past. Primary care physicians increasingly are aligning themselves with larger players such as multispecialty groups, hospitals, health plans, or practice management companies. This article draws on the authors' research into 20 healthcare systems in various stages of development as well as their own consulting experience to answer several questions: Why is the establishment or purchase of primary care physician practices an exploding national trend? What are the pros and cons of this approach? Is it better to purchase existing practices or establish new ones from the ground up? What are the pros and cons of virtual integration (affiliation without purchase) versus other forms of integration?
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Coddington DC, Moore KD, Fischer EA. Vertical integration: is the bloom off the rose? Healthc Forum J 1996; 39:42-7. [PMID: 10160006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Coddington DC, Moore KD, Fischer EA. Optimizing primary care services. Health Syst Rev 1996; 29:38-43. [PMID: 10158558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Coddington DC, Moore KD, Fischer EA. Making integrated health care work. Physician Exec 1996; 22:24-8. [PMID: 10157862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes the authors' thinking on value added in health care, and offers examples of the major strategies being implemented by integrated systems across the United States to increase their value and improve their competitive positioning. The research results are based on a review of published literature on 150 health care organizations in various stages of integration, and 20 in-depth case studies of integrating systems.
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Coddington DC, Moore KD, Fischer EA. Making integrated health care work. Med Group Manage J 1996; 43:24, 27-31, 72. [PMID: 10157088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The primary purpose of forming integrated health care systems should be to increase value added for payers and patients. Without this kind of focus on customer needs, integration efforts are likely to fail. The authors identify seven factors that make up the value-added continuum for health care purchasers and providers. The article assesses several of the major strategies pursued by integrating systems (e.g., primary care network development, health plan partnership arrangements) against value-added criteria. The major finding: integrated health care has the potential to bring substantial added value to customers.
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Coddington DC, Moore KD, Fischer EA. Integrating? Hang in there--the odds are in your favor. Healthc Forum J 1995; 38:72-6. [PMID: 10154290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Coddington DC, Moore KD, Fischer EA. In pursuit of integration. Research-based lessons for physicians, hospitals, and health plans. Clin Lab Manage Rev 1994; 8:462-8. [PMID: 10137285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Coddington DC, Moore KD, Fischer EA. In pursuit of integration. Healthc Forum J 1994; 37:53-6, 59. [PMID: 10132160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Coddington DC, Moore KD, Fischer EA. Costs and benefits of integrated healthcare systems. Healthc Financ Manage 1994; 48:20-4, 26, 28-9. [PMID: 10145966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Although forming an integrated healthcare system can be extremely expensive, many hospitals and physician groups are discovering that by doing so, they can reap significant benefits, including increased market share, more secure physician income, and better physician "quality of life," a financially stronger organization, and an enhanced ability to adapt to the changing healthcare environment. In most cases, the return on the investment required to reorganize the physician, hospital, and healthcare plan relationship is likely to be substantial.
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Coddington DC, Moore KD, Fischer EA. Integrated health care systems: the key characteristics. Med Group Manage J 1993; 40:76-8, 80. [PMID: 10130110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Cooperation among the traditionally adversarial factions of physicians and hospitals has arisen in the early 1990s to develop the integrated health care system. Authors Dean C. Coddington, Keith D. Moore and Elizabeth A. Fischer explain how these two groups have been joined in the integration by an unlikely participant: health plans.
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Abstract
An ELISA method is presented which is based on covalent binding of detergent-solubilized membrane proteins to surface-modified polystyrene plates (Chemobond plates). These plates carried 0.52-0.65 nmol of aldehyde groups per well (150 microliters) and allowed coupling of protein by Schiff base formation either at high pH and subsequent reduction with NaBH4 or by trapping reduced imines at pH 6-6.8 with cyanoborohydride. They bound 15 times the amount of normal plates. Sodium chloride (0.5 M) increased binding 2-3-fold. Binding was essentially resistant to elution by 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Reduction of uncoated plates with NaBH4 eliminated the high extent of binding. ELISA tests on Chemobond plates with a rabbit anti-band 3 antibody gave a ten-fold higher signal than plates to which band 3 protein was merely adsorbed. The use of an antigen-enzyme conjugate to detect bound antibody allowed to perform antibody binding and detection of bound antibody simultaneously in the presence of 0.05% Triton X-100. A competitive, one step ELISA system allowed determination of rabbit anti-band 3 antibodies in diluted serum with a sensitivity range of 0.02-0.4 microgram/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- H U Lutz
- Laboratory for Biochemistry, ETH-Zürich, Zentrum, Switzerland
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Hennes U, Jucker W, Fischer EA, Krummenacher T, Palleroni AV, Trown PW, Linder-Ciccolunghi S, Rainisio M. The detection of antibodies to recombinant interferon alfa-2a in human serum. J Biol Stand 1987; 15:231-44. [PMID: 3301856 DOI: 10.1016/0092-1157(87)90026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Three different procedures have been used for detecting antibodies to Roferon-A (recombinant human interferon alfa-2a, rHuIFN alpha-2a) in the serum of patients who received this interferon as part of ongoing clinical trials: an antiviral neutralization bioassay (ANB), the standard method recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the more recently developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzymeimmunoassay (EIA). Although the three tests are based on different principles, the correlation among them was excellent. The assays show differences in sensitivities with the ANB being the least sensitive of the three. The EIA equals the RIA in sensitivity, reproducibility, accuracy and labor and provides the advantage of safety and convenience in the use of non-radioactive materials. Therefore, the EIA has been selected as the most suitable assay for initial screening of the sera of patients receiving Roferon-A for the presence of antibodies to this interferon. EIA positive sera are then tested in the ANB to determine whether or not neutralizing activities are present.
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Fischer EA. Modes of reproduction: fish reproduction. Science 1985; 227:1464-5. [PMID: 17777778 DOI: 10.1126/science.227.4693.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Fischer EA, Curd JG, Chaiken IM. Preparation of biologically active conjugates of bovine neurophysins and other polypeptides with multi-(poly-D,L-alanyl)--poly-L-lysine and their use to elicit antibodies. Immunochemistry 1977; 14:595-602. [PMID: 413789 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(77)90155-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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