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Brzezinski KW, Baran J, Borys D, Gajewski J, Chug N, Coussat A, Czerwiński E, Dadgar M, Dulski K, Eliyan KV, Gajos A, Kacprzak K, Kapłon Ł, Klimaszewski K, Konieczka P, Kopec R, Korcyl G, Kozik T, Krzemień W, Kumar D, Lomax AJ, McNamara K, Niedźwiecki S, Olko P, Panek D, Parzych S, Perez Del Rio E, Raczyński L, Sharma S, Shivani S, Shopa RY, Skóra T, Skurzok M, Stasica P, Stępień EL, Tayefi Ardebili K, Tayefi F, Weber DC, Winterhalter C, Wiślicki W, Moskal P, Rucinski A. Detection of range shifts in proton beam therapy using the J-PET scanner: a patient simulation study. Phys Med Biol 2023. [PMID: 37295440 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acdd4c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Jagiellonian PET (J-PET) technology, based on plastic scintillators, has been proposed as a cost effective tool for detecting range deviations during proton therapy. This study investigates the feasibility of using J-PET for range monitoring by means of a detailed Monte Carlo simulation study of 95 patients who underwent proton therapy at the Cyclotron Centre Bronowice (CCB) in Krakow, Poland. 
Approach: Discrepancies between prescribed and delivered treatments were artificially introduced in the simulations by means of shifts in patient positioning and in the Hounsfield unit to the relative proton stopping power calibration curve. A dual-layer, cylindrical J-PET geometry was simulated in an in-room monitoring scenario and a triple-layer, dual-head geometry in an in-beam protocol. The distribution of range shifts in reconstructed PET activity was visualised in the beam's eye view. Linear prediction models were constructed from all patients in the cohort, using the mean shift in reconstructed PET activity as a predictor of the mean proton range deviation. 
Main results: Maps of deviations in the range of reconstructed PET distributions showed agreement with those of deviations in dose range in most patients. The linear prediction model showed a good fit, with coefficient of determination r^2 = 0.84 (in-room) and 0.75 (in-beam). Residual standard error was below 1 mm: 0.33 mm (in-room) and 0.23 mm (in-beam). 
Significance: The precision of the proposed prediction models shows the sensitivity of the proposed J-PET scanners to shifts in proton range for a wide range of clinical treatment plans. Furthermore, it motivates the use of such models as a tool for predicting proton range deviations and opens up new prospects for investigations into the use of intra-treatment PET images for predicting clinical metrics that aid in the assessment of the quality of delivered treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Wiktor Brzezinski
- IRIS group, IFIC, Parque Científico, Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, Valencia, 46071, SPAIN
| | - Jakub Baran
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, Cracow, 31-342, POLAND
| | - Damian Borys
- Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 16, Gliwice, 44-100, POLAND
| | - Jan Gajewski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Science, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, Krakow, Malopolska, 31-342, POLAND
| | - Neha Chug
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Aurelien Coussat
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Eryk Czerwiński
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, Cracow, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Meysam Dadgar
- Medical physics, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, No 11, Daneshgah, Urmia, Urmia, West Azarbayjan, +98, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Kamil Dulski
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, Cracow, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Kavya Valsan Eliyan
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Aleksander Gajos
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Krzysztof Kacprzak
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Kraków, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Łukasz Kapłon
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Lojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Malopolskie, 31-007, POLAND
| | - Konrad Klimaszewski
- Narodowe Centrum Badan Jadrowych, 7 Andrzeja Sołtana, Otwock, 05-400, POLAND
| | - Paweł Konieczka
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 7 Andrzeja Sołtana str., Otwock, 05-400, POLAND
| | - Renata Kopec
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Science, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, 31-342, POLAND
| | - Grzegorz Korcyl
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, Cracow, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Tomasz Kozik
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Wojciech Krzemień
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, 7 Andrzeja Sołtana, Warsaw, 05-400, POLAND
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Antony John Lomax
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Villigen, CH-5232 , SWITZERLAND
| | - Keegan McNamara
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute PSI, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen, Aargau, 5232, SWITZERLAND
| | - Szymon Niedźwiecki
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, Cracow, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Pawel Olko
- PAN, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, Kraków, 31-342, POLAND
| | - Dominik Panek
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Szymon Parzych
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Kraków, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Elena Perez Del Rio
- Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, Roma, Lazio, 00185, ITALY
| | - Lech Raczyński
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, 7 Andrzeja Sołtana, Warsaw, 05-400, POLAND
| | - Sushil Sharma
- Uniwersytet Jagiellonski w Krakowie Wydzial Fizyki Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Shivani Shivani
- Uniwersytet Jagiellonski w Krakowie Wydzial Fizyki Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Roman Y Shopa
- Narodowe Centrum Badan Jadrowych, 7 Andrzeja Sołtana, Otwock, 05-400, POLAND
| | - Tomasz Skóra
- Krakow Branch, Department of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-CurieMemorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, ul. Garncarska 11, Krakow, 31-115, POLAND
| | - Magdalena Skurzok
- UJ Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Uniwersytet Jagiellonski w Krakowie Wydzial Fizyki Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Paulina Stasica
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Science, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, PL 31-342, POLAND
| | - Ewa L Stępień
- UJ Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Uniwersytet Jagiellonski w Krakowie Wydzial Fizyki Astronomii i Informatyki Stosowanej, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Keyvan Tayefi Ardebili
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Faranak Tayefi
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Kraków, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Damien Charles Weber
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI, Villigen, CH-5232 , SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Wojciech Wiślicki
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, 7 Andrzeja Sołtana, Warsaw, 05-400, POLAND
| | - Pawel Moskal
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Antoni Rucinski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAS, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, 31-342, POLAND
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