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Bergé A, Buleté A, Fildier A, Mailler R, Gasperi J, Coquet Y, Nauleau F, Rocher V, Vulliet E. Non-target strategies by HRMS to evaluate fluidized micro-grain activated carbon as a tertiary treatment of wastewater. Chemosphere 2018; 213:587-595. [PMID: 30268939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Among the release solutions for reducing the discharge of organic and persistent contaminants in the aquatic environment, the use of a tertiary treatment in addition to existing conventional wastewater treatment processes is considered. The use of micro-grain activated carbon in a fluidized bed is a promising technique investigated in this study. The effluents from a large-scale pilot system were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (QToF). Several strategies were deployed, namely molecular fingerprint comparison, suspected and non-target analyses, identification of refractory compounds to treatment, and finally, quantification of identified compounds. The evaluation of the molecular fingerprints provided evidence of the overall effect of the tertiary treatment on the treated wastewater quality. The suspected approach highlighted the presence of 83 pharmaceuticals and pesticides as well as transformation products in the effluents. The non-target approaches also highlighted compounds refractory to tertiary treatment, such as illicit drugs or some pharmaceuticals. The identification and quantification of identified compounds underscored the suitability of micro-grain activated carbon in eliminating many classes of pharmaceuticals with various physicochemical properties, such as anti-hypertensive, analgesic, anti-viral, antidepressant and even various pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bergé
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon - Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Buleté
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon - Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - A Fildier
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon - Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - R Mailler
- SIAAP, Direction de l'Innovation et de l'Environnement, 82 avenue Kléber, 92700, Colombes, France
| | - J Gasperi
- LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, AgroParisTech), Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Y Coquet
- SAUR, Direction de la Recherche et du Développement, 1 rue Antoine Lavoisier, 78064 Guyancourt, France
| | - F Nauleau
- SAUR, Direction de la Recherche et du Développement, 1 rue Antoine Lavoisier, 78064 Guyancourt, France
| | - V Rocher
- SIAAP, Direction de l'Innovation et de l'Environnement, 82 avenue Kléber, 92700, Colombes, France
| | - E Vulliet
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon - Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
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Girault R, Bridoux G, Nauleau F, Poullain C, Buffet J, Steyer JP, Sadowski AG, Béline F. A waste characterisation procedure for ADM1 implementation based on degradation kinetics. Water Res 2012; 46:4099-4110. [PMID: 22658069 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a procedure accounting for degradation kinetics was developed to split the total COD of a substrate into each input state variable required for Anaerobic Digestion Model n°1. The procedure is based on the combination of batch experimental degradation tests ("anaerobic respirometry") and numerical interpretation of the results obtained (optimisation of the ADM1 input state variable set). The effects of the main operating parameters, such as the substrate to inoculum ratio in batch experiments and the origin of the inoculum, were investigated. Combined with biochemical fractionation of the total COD of substrates, this method enabled determination of an ADM1-consistent input state variable set for each substrate with affordable identifiability. The substrate to inoculum ratio in the batch experiments and the origin of the inoculum influenced input state variables. However, based on results modelled for a CSTR fed with the substrate concerned, these effects were not significant. Indeed, if the optimal ranges of these operational parameters are respected, uncertainty in COD fractionation is mainly limited to temporal variability of the properties of the substrates. As the method is based on kinetics and is easy to implement for a wide range of substrates, it is a very promising way to numerically predict the effect of design parameters on the efficiency of an anaerobic CSTR. This method thus promotes the use of modelling for the design and optimisation of anaerobic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Girault
- Irstea, UR GERE, 17 av. de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France.
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Girault R, Bridoux G, Nauleau F, Poullain C, Buffet J, Peu P, Sadowski AG, Béline F. Anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and greasy sludge from flotation process: batch versus CSTR experiments to investigate optimal design. Bioresour Technol 2012; 105:1-8. [PMID: 22189079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the maximum ratio of greasy sludge to incorporate with waste activated sludge was investigated in batch and CSTR experiments. In batch experiments, inhibition occurred with a greasy sludge ratio of more than 20-30% of the feed COD. In CSTR experiments, the optimal greasy sludge ratio was 60% of the feed COD and inhibition occurred above a ratio of 80%. Hence, batch experiments can predict the CSTR yield when the degradation phenomenon are additive but cannot be used to determine the maximum ratio to be used in a CSTR configuration. Additionally, when the ratio of greasy sludge increased from 0% to 60% of the feed COD, CSTR methane production increased by more than 60%. When the greasy sludge ratio increased from 60% to 90% of the feed COD, the reactor yield decreased by 75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Girault
- Cemagref, UR GERE, 17 av. de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France.
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Guo H, Wyart Y, Perot J, Nauleau F, Moulin P. Low-pressure membrane integrity tests for drinking water treatment: A review. Water Res 2010; 44:41-57. [PMID: 19836818 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Low-pressure membrane systems, including microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, are being increasingly used in drinking water treatments due to their high level of pathogen removal. However, the pathogen will pass through the membrane and contaminate the product if the membrane integrity is compromised. Therefore, an effective on-line integrity monitoring method for MF and UF membrane systems is essential to guarantee the regulatory requirements for pathogen removal. A lot of works on low-pressure membrane integrity tests have been conducted by many researchers. This paper provides a literature review about different low-pressure membrane integrity monitoring methods for the drinking water treatment, including direct methods (pressure-based tests, acoustic sensor test, liquid porosimetry, etc.) and indirect methods (particle counting, particle monitoring, turbidity monitoring, surrogate challenge tests). Additionally, some information about the operation of membrane integrity tests is presented here. It can be realized from this review that it remains urgent to develop an alternative on-line detection technique for a quick, accurate, simple, continuous and relatively inexpensive evaluation of low-pressure membrane integrity. To better satisfy regulatory requirements for drinking water treatments, the characteristic of this ideal membrane integrity test is proposed at the end of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Guo
- Université Paul Cézanne Aix Marseille, Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2 - UMR-CNRS 6181), Europôle de l'Arbois, BP. 80, Bâtiment Laennec, Hall C, 13545 Aix en Provence Cedex 04, France.
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Le Goff L, Khaldi S, Favennec L, Nauleau F, Meneceur P, Perot J, Ballet JJ, Gargala G. Evaluation of water treatment plant UV reactor efficiency against Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst infectivity in immunocompetent suckling mice. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:1060-1065. [PMID: 19761461 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04509.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the efficiency of a medium-pressure UV reactor under full-scale water treatment plant (WTP) conditions on the infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in an Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) suckling mice infectivity model. METHODS AND RESULTS Six/seven-day-old mice were administered orally 2-10x10(4)Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Compared with nonirradiated oocysts, 40 mJ cm(-2) UV irradiation of ingested oocysts resulted 7 days later in a 3.4-4.0 log10 reduction in the counts of small intestine oocysts, using a fluorescent flow cytometry assay. CONCLUSION Present data extend to industrial conditions previous observations of the efficiency of UV irradiation against Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst in vivo development. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Present results suggest that in WTP conditions, a medium-pressure UV reactor is efficient in reducing the infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, one of the most resistant micro-organisms present in environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Le Goff
- Parasitology Department, Rouen University Hospital & EA 4311-IFRMP 23, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen, Rouen Cedex, France
| | - S Khaldi
- Parasitology Department, Rouen University Hospital & EA 4311-IFRMP 23, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen, Rouen Cedex, France
| | - L Favennec
- Parasitology Department, Rouen University Hospital & EA 4311-IFRMP 23, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen, Rouen Cedex, France
| | - F Nauleau
- STEREAU Process and Technologies, St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
| | - P Meneceur
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, EA 3520 Faculty of Medicine Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - J Perot
- STEREAU Process and Technologies, St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
| | - J-J Ballet
- Immunology Department, Caen University Hospital & UPRES-EA 2128, Faculty of Medicine, University of Caen, Caen Cedex, France
| | - G Gargala
- Parasitology Department, Rouen University Hospital & EA 4311-IFRMP 23, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen, Rouen Cedex, France
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