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Affiliation(s)
- F. Reines
- a Department of Physics , University of California , Irvine , California , 92717
| | - J. Schultz
- a Department of Physics , University of California , Irvine , California , 92717
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Bachtold MR, Rinaldi PC, Jones JP, Reines F, Price LR. Focused ultrasound modifications of neural circuit activity in a mammalian brain. Ultrasound Med Biol 1998; 24:557-565. [PMID: 9651965 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-5629(98)00014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The application of focused, pulsed ultrasound was studied as a method of modifying the activity of a local neural circuit of the mammalian brain. An in vitro hippocampal preparation was used to facilitate delivery, dosimetry and assessment of mechanisms of ultrasound effects. Extracellular evoked potentials were recorded from cell and dendritic layers of the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. Focused pulses of ultrasound with center frequency of 500 kHz and repetition rate of 200 kHz were studied and found both to enhance and to depress electrically evoked field potentials. The fiber volley and cell population potentials were depressed, whereas the dendritic potential was enhanced. Results suggest a simultaneous mechanical and thermal mechanism of ultrasound in modifying evoked field potentials of dentate local circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Bachtold
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA
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Greenwood ZD, Kropp WR, Mandelkern MA, Nakamura S, Pasierb-Love EL, Price LR, Reines F, Riley SP, Sobel HW, Baumann N, Gurr HS. Results of a two-position reactor neutrino-oscillation experiment. Int J Clin Exp Med 1996; 53:6054-6064. [PMID: 10019895 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.53.6054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Becker-Szendy R, Bratton C, Casper D, Dye S, Gajewski W, Ganezer K, Goldhaber M, Haines T, Halverson P, Kielczewska D, Kropp W, Learned J, LoSecco J, McGrath G, McGrew C, Masuzawa M, Matsuno S, Miller R, Price L, Reines F, Schultz J, Sobel H, Stone J, Sulak L, Svoboda R. Neutrino measurements with the IMB director. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0920-5632(94)00765-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Becker-Szendy R, Bratton CB, Breault J, Casper D, Dye ST, Ganezer K, Gajewski W, Goldhaber M, Haines TJ, Halverson PG, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, LoSecco J, Matsuno S, McGrath G, McGrew C, Miller RS, Price L, Reines F, Schultz J, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak LR, Svoboda R. New magnetic monopole flux limits from the IMB proton decay detector. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1994; 49:2169-2173. [PMID: 10017205 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.49.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Becker-Szendy R, Bratton CB, Casper D, Dye ST, Gajewski W, Goldhaber M, Haines TJ, Halverson PG, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, LoSecco JM, Matsuno S, McGrath G, McGrew C, Miller RS, Price L, Reines F, Schultz J, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak LR, Svoboda R. Study of underground muons during the January 1991 radio flare of Cygnus X-3. Int J Clin Exp Med 1993; 47:4203-4205. [PMID: 10015414 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.47.4203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Becker-Szendy R, Bratton CB, Casper D, Dye ST, Gajewski W, Goldhaber M, Haines TJ, Halverson PG, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, LoSecco JM, Matsuno S, McGrath G, McGrew C, Miller R, Price LR, Reines F, Schultz J, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak LR, Svoboda R. Electron- and muon-neutrino content of the atmospheric flux. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1992; 46:3720-3724. [PMID: 10015325 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.46.3720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Becker-Szendy R, Bratton CB, Casper D, Dye ST, Gajewski W, Goldhaber M, Haines TJ, Halverson PG, Jones T, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, LoSecco J, McGrath G, McGrew C, Matthews J, Matsuno S, Miller RS, Mudan MS, Price L, Reines F, Schultz J, Sinclair D, Sobel HW, Stone J, Sulak LR, Svoboda R. Search for muon neutrino oscillations with the Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven detector. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 69:1010-1013. [PMID: 10047100 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.69.1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Rinaldi PC, Jones JP, Reines F, Price LR. Modification by focused ultrasound pulses of electrically evoked responses from an in vitro hippocampal preparation. Brain Res 1991; 558:36-42. [PMID: 1933382 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The application of short pulses of focused ultrasound was studied as a method of modifying electrically evoked responses in the mammalian brain. The in vitro hippocampal preparation was employed to facilitate delivery and dosimetry of ultrasound, and assessment of mechanisms of ultrasound effects. Cellular and dendritic field potential responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the Schaffer/Commissural afferents were examined before, during and after exposure of a portion of the CA1 region to focused ultrasound pulses for periods ranging from 2 to 15 min. Focused ultrasound with a repetition rate of 150 kHz was delivered in pulses comparable in duration to an electrical pulse that could initiate activity in the nervous system. The pulses had a center frequency of 750 kHz, durations of about 6 microseconds, and spatial-peak-temporal-averaged intensities of about 80 W/cm2. These parameters are markedly different from those employed in conventional diagnostic ultrasound. Temperatures in the bath and tissue were monitored. Extracellular field potentials reflecting the presynaptic fiber volley, dendritic response and cellular discharge were significantly reduced by exposure to ultrasound. Recovery occurred to varying degrees, and in one experiment was complete. Average temperature changes observed were less than 1 degree C. The present study demonstrates that the electrically evoked response in mammalian brain can be altered by ultrasound in a non-thermal, non-cavitational mode, and that such effects are potentially reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Rinaldi
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine 92717
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Casper D, Becker-Szendy R, Bratton CB, Cady DR, Claus R, Dye ST, Gajewski W, Goldhaber M, Haines TJ, Halverson PG, Jones TW, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, LoSecco JM, McGrew C, Matsuno S, Matthews J, Mudan MS, Price L, Reines F, Schultz J, Sinclair D, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak LR, Svoboda R, Thornton G. Measurement of atmospheric neutrino composition with the IMB-3 detector. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 66:2561-2564. [PMID: 10043554 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Becker-Szendy R, Bratton CB, Cady R, Casper D, Dye ST, Gajewski W, Goldhaber M, Haines TJ, Halverson PG, Jones TW, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, LoSecco JM, Matsuno S, McGrew C, Mudan MS, Price L, Reines F, Schultz J, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak LR, Svoboda R, Wittel F. Search for Cygnus X-3 in underground muons during the 1989 radio outbursts using the IMB detector. Int J Clin Exp Med 1991; 43:1413-1415. [PMID: 10013512 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.43.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Babson J, Barish B, Becker-Szendy R, Bradner H, Cady R, Clem J, Dye ST, Gaidos J, Gorham P, Grieder PK, Jaworski M, Kitamura T, Kropp W, Learned JG, Matsuno S, March R, Mitsui K, O'Connor D, Ohashi Y, Okada A, Peterson V, Price L, Reines F, Roberts A, Roos C, Sobel H, Stenger VJ, Webster M, Wilson C. Cosmic-ray muons in the deep ocean. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1990; 42:3613-3620. [PMID: 10012770 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.42.3613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Becker-Szendy R, Bratton CB, Cady DR, Casper D, Claus R, Crouch M, Dye ST, Gajewski W, Goldhaber M, Haines TJ, Halverson PG, Jones TW, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, LoSecco JM, McGrew C, Matsuno S, Mudan MS, Price L, Reines F, Schultz J, Sinclair D, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak LR, Svoboda R, Thornton G. Search for proton decay into e++ pi 0 in the IMB-3 detector. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1990; 42:2974-2976. [PMID: 10013179 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.42.2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Adams A, Bond R, Bratton C, Burnett T, Chaloupka V, Cherry M, Coleman L, Ellison S, Gaidos J, Goodman J, Gurr H, Guzik T, Haines T, Kielczewska D, Kropp W, Lane C, Lieber M, Loeffler F, Nagle D, Nelson M, Potter M, Price L, Reines F, Rollefson A, Schultz J, Sembroski G, Sobel H, Steinberg R, Svoboda R, Tripp R, Wefel J, Wilkes R, Wilson C, Wold D, Yodh G. The GRANDE detector. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0920-5632(90)90409-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dye ST, Annis J, Becker-Szendy R, Bratton CB, Casper D, Claus R, Crouch M, Errede S, Gajewski W, Goldhaber M, Haines TJ, Jones TW, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, LoSecco JM, McGrew C, Matthews J, Mudan MS, Price LR, Reines F, Schultz J, Seidel S, Sinclair D, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak LR, Svoboda R, Thornton G. Experimental upper limit to the galactic stellar-collapse rate. Phys Rev Lett 1989; 62:2069-2072. [PMID: 10039848 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.62.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Seidel S, Bionta RM, Blewitt G, Bratton CB, Casper D, Ciocio A, Claus R, Dye ST, Errede S, Foster GW, Gajewski W, Ganezer KS, Goldhaber M, Haines TJ, Jones TW, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, LoSecco JM, Matthews J, Park HS, Price L, Reines F, Schultz J, Shumard E, Sinclair D, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak L, Svoboda R, Thornton G, Wuest C. Search for multitrack nucleon decay. Phys Rev Lett 1988; 61:2522-2525. [PMID: 10039147 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Bionta RM, Blewitt G, Bratton CB, Casper D, Claus R, Cortez B, Errede S, Foster G, Gajewski W, Ganezer KS, Goldhaber M, Haines TJ, Jones TW, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, Lehmann E, LoSecco JM, Park HS, Reines F, Schultz J, Seidel S, Shumard E, Sinclair D, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak L, Svoboda R, Wuest C. Contained neutrino interactions in an underground water detector. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1988; 38:768-775. [PMID: 9959205 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.38.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Bratton CB, Casper D, Ciocio A, Claus R, Crouch M, Dye ST, Errede S, Gajewski W, Goldhaber M, Haines TJ, Jones TW, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, LoSecco JM, Matthews J, Miller R, Mudan M, Price LR, Reines F, Schultz J, Seidel S, Sinclair D, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak L, Svoboda R, Thornton G. Angular distribution of events from SN1987A. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1988; 37:3361-3363. [PMID: 9958631 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.37.3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Bionta RM, Blewitt G, Bratton CB, Casper D, Ciocio A, Claus R, Crouch M, Dye ST, Errede S, Foster GW, Gajewski W, Ganezer KS, Goldhaber M, Haines TJ, Jones TW, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, LoSecco JM, Matthews J, Park HS, Price LR, Reines F, Schulz J, Seidel S, Shumard E, Sinclair D, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak L, Svoboda R, Thornton G, Wuest C. Underground search for muons correlated with Cygnus X-3. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1987; 36:30-36. [PMID: 9958017 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.36.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Bionta RM, Blewitt G, Bratton CB, Casper D, Ciocio A, Claus R, Cortez B, Crouch M, Dye ST, Errede S, Foster GW, Gajewski W, Ganezer KS, Goldhaber M, Haines TJ, Jones TW, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, LoSecco JM, Matthews J, Miller R, Mudan MS, Park HS, Price LR, Reines F, Schultz J, Seidel S, Shumard E, Sinclair D, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak LR, Svoboda R, Thornton G, Wuest C. Observation of a neutrino burst in coincidence with supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Phys Rev Lett 1987; 58:1494-1496. [PMID: 10034451 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.58.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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LoSecco JM, Bionta RM, Blewitt G, Bratton CB, Casper D, Claus R, Cortez B, Errede S, Foster G, Gajewski W, Ganezer KS, Goldhaber M, Haines TJ, Jones TW, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, Lehmann E, Park HS, Reines F, Schultz J, Seidel S, Shumard E, Sinclair D, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak L, Svoboda R, Wuest C. Limits on the neutrino lifetime. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1987; 35:2073-2076. [PMID: 9957895 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.35.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Haines TJ, Bionta RM, Blewitt G, Bratton CB, Casper D, Claus R, Cortez BG, Errede S, Foster GW, Gajewski W, Ganezer KS, Goldhaber M, Jones TW, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, Lehmann E, LoSecco JM, Matthews J, Park HS, Price LR, Reines F, Schultz J, Seidel S, Shumard E, Sinclair D, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak L, Svoboda R, Wuest C. Calculation of atmospheric neutrino-induced backgrounds in a nucleon-decay search. Phys Rev Lett 1986; 57:1986-1989. [PMID: 10033603 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.57.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Blewitt G, LoSecco JM, Bionta RM, Bratton CB, Casper D, Chrysicopoulou P, Claus R, Cortez BG, Errede S, Foster GW, Gajewski W, Ganezer KS, Goldhaber M, Haines TJ, Jones TW, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, Lehmann E, Park HS, Reines F, Schultz J, Seidel S, Shumard E, Sinclair D, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak L, Svoboda R, Wuest C. Experimental limits on the free-proton lifetime for two- and three-body decay modes. Phys Rev Lett 1985; 55:2114-2117. [PMID: 10032052 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.55.2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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LoSecco JM, Bionta RM, Biewitt G, Bratton CB, Casper D, Chrysicopoulou P, Claus R, Cortez BG, Errede S, Foster GW, Gajewski W, Ganezer KS, Goldhaber M, Haines TJ, Jones TW, Kielczewska D, Kropp WR, Learned JG, Lehmann E, Park HS, Reines F, Schultz J, Seidel S, Shumard E, Sinclair D, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak L, Svoboda R, Wuest C. Test of neutrino oscillations using atmospheric neutrinos. Phys Rev Lett 1985; 54:2299-2301. [PMID: 10031304 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.54.2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Park HS, Blewitt G, Cortez BG, Foster GW, Gajewski W, Haines TJ, Kielczewska D, LoSecco JM, Bionta RM, Bratton CB, Casper D, Chrysicopoulou P, Claus R, Errede S, Ganezer KS, Goldhaber M, Jones TW, Kropp WR, Learned JG, Lehmann E, Reines F, Schultz J, Seidel S, Shumard E, Sinclair D, Sobel HW, Stone JL, Sulak LR, Svoboda R, Wuest C. Experimental limits on the nucleon lifetime for two- and three-body decay modes. Phys Rev Lett 1985; 54:22-25. [PMID: 10030874 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.54.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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VanderVelde J, Reines F. Proton-decay experiments. Am Sci 1983; 71:123-4; author reply 124. [PMID: 17726838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
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Abstract
The neutrino hypothesis, put forward by Pauli to account for the apparent loss of energy and momentum in beta decay, was verified by a series of measurements at a nuclear reactor nearly 25 years ago. An account is given of the first observations of the interaction of neutrinos in a target remote from the fission process that produced them. These experiments completed the observations of the particles involved in beta decay and paved the way for use of the free neutrino to probe the nature of the weak interaction.
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Reines F. LARGE-SCALE NEUTRINO PROJECTS SANS ACCELERATORS. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1975. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb31436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Carter RE, Reines F, Wagner JJ, Wyman ME. Free Antineutrino Absorption Cross Section. II. Expected Cross Section from Measurements of Fission Fragment Electron Spectrum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1959. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.113.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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