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Annese V, Barcia C, Ros-Bernal F, Gómez A, Ros CM, De Pablos V, Fernández-Villalba E, De Stefano ME, Herrero MT. Evidence of oligodendrogliosis in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinsonism. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 39:132-43. [PMID: 22443457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2012.01271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mice and nonhuman primates administered with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) represent elective experimental models of Parkinsonism, in which degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway is associated with prominent neuroinflammation, characterized by activated microglia and astrocytes in both substantia nigra (SN) and striatum. To date, it is unknown whether oligodendrocytes play a role in these events. METHODS We performed a detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of oligodendrocyte-associated changes induced by acute and chronic MPTP treatment, in the SN and striatum of mice and macaques respectively. Oligodendrocytes were immunolabelled by cell-specific markers and analysed by confocal microscopy. RESULTS In both experimental models, MPTP treatment induces an increase in oligodendrocyte cell number and average size, as well as in the total area occupied by this cell type per tissue section, accompanied by evident morphological changes. This multifaceted array of changes, herein referred to as oligodendrogliosis, significantly correlates with the reduction in the level of dopaminergic innervation to the striatum. CONCLUSIONS This event, associated with early damage of the dopaminergic neurone axons and of the complex striatal circuits of which they are part, may result in an important, although neglected, aspect in the onset and progression of Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Annese
- Clinical and Experimental NeuroscienceCentro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, SpainIstituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dip. di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin'Center for Research in Neurobiology 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, Roma, Italy
| | - C Barcia
- Clinical and Experimental NeuroscienceCentro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, SpainIstituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dip. di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin'Center for Research in Neurobiology 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, Roma, Italy
| | - F Ros-Bernal
- Clinical and Experimental NeuroscienceCentro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, SpainIstituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dip. di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin'Center for Research in Neurobiology 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, Roma, Italy
| | - A Gómez
- Clinical and Experimental NeuroscienceCentro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, SpainIstituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dip. di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin'Center for Research in Neurobiology 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, Roma, Italy
| | - C M Ros
- Clinical and Experimental NeuroscienceCentro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, SpainIstituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dip. di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin'Center for Research in Neurobiology 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, Roma, Italy
| | - V De Pablos
- Clinical and Experimental NeuroscienceCentro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, SpainIstituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dip. di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin'Center for Research in Neurobiology 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, Roma, Italy
| | - E Fernández-Villalba
- Clinical and Experimental NeuroscienceCentro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, SpainIstituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dip. di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin'Center for Research in Neurobiology 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, Roma, Italy
| | - M E De Stefano
- Clinical and Experimental NeuroscienceCentro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, SpainIstituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dip. di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin'Center for Research in Neurobiology 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, Roma, Italy
| | - M-T Herrero
- Clinical and Experimental NeuroscienceCentro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, SpainIstituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dip. di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin'Center for Research in Neurobiology 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, Roma, Italy
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Heman P, Barcia C, Gómez A, Ros CM, Ros-Bernal F, Yuste JE, de Pablos V, Fernandez-Villalba E, Toledo-Cárdenas MR, Herrero MT. Nigral degeneration correlates with persistent activation of cerebellar Purkinje cells in MPTP-treated monkeys. Histol Histopathol 2012; 27:89-94. [PMID: 22127600 DOI: 10.14670/hh-27.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present work we analyze the cerebellum of chronic parkinsonian monkeys in order to clarify whether chronic mesencephalic depletion is associated with long term activation of the cerebellar neurons in chronic Parkinsonism. In our study, we observed a persistent activation of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of chronic parkinsonian macaques, characterized by the expression of c-Fos, which correlated with dopaminergic degeneration. These results are compatible with the results observed in fMRI in Parkinson's disease patients, and may contribute to the understanding of additional alterations in the brain circuitry in Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Heman
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Murcia, Spain
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Barcia C, Ros CM, Annese V, Gómez A, Ros-Bernal F, Aguado-Yera D, Martínez-Pagán ME, de Pablos V, Fernandez-Villalba E, Herrero MT. IFN-γ signaling, with the synergistic contribution of TNF-α, mediates cell specific microglial and astroglial activation in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Cell Death Dis 2011; 2:e142. [PMID: 21472005 PMCID: PMC3122054 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2011.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To through light on the mechanisms underlying the stimulation and persistence of glial cell activation in Parkinsonism, we investigate the function of IFN-γ and TNF-α in experimental models of Parkinson's disease and analyze their relation with local glial cell activation. It was found that IFN-γ and TNF-α remained higher over the years in the serum and CNS of chronic Parkinsonian macaques than in untreated animals, accompanied by sustained glial activation (microglia and astroglia) in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Importantly, Parkinsonian monkeys showed persistent and increasing levels of IFN-γR signaling in both microglial and astroglial cells. In addition, experiments performed in IFN-γ and TNF-α KO mice treated with MPTP revealed that, even before dopaminergic cell death can be observed, the presence of IFN-γ and TNF-α is crucial for microglial and astroglial activation, and, together, they have an important synergistic role. Both cytokines were necessary for the full level of activation to be attained in both microglial and astroglial cells. These results demonstrate that IFN-γ signaling, together with the contribution of TNF-α, have a critical and cell-specific role in stimulating and maintaining glial cell activation in Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Barcia
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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De Pablos V, Barcia C, Martínez S, Gomez A, Ros-Bernal F, Zamarro-Parra J, Soria-Torrecillas JJ, Hernández J, Ceron JJ, Herrero MT. MPTP administration increases plasma levels of acute phase proteins in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis). Neurosci Lett 2009; 463:37-9. [PMID: 19638294 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Parkinsonian patients and animal models of PD show inflammatory phenomena such as microglial activation and cytokine production that could modulate the progression of the disease, since they play a crucial role in the degenerative process. Since acute phase proteins (APPs) are involved in a number of homeostatic alterations and inflammatory processes, we analyzed the levels of APPs in primates before and after treatment with MPTP. A significant increase in C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (HP) levels after MPTP treatment. These results demonstrate that MPTP induces a systemic generalized inflammatory reaction after specific dopaminergic neurotoxicity insult, suggesting that the inflammatory process in Parkinsonism may affect other immune-inflammatory responses outside the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- V De Pablos
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience and Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
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