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Wieland L, Ebrahimi C, Katthagen T, Panitz M, Heinz A, Sjoerds Z, Schlagenhauf F. Effects of acute stress on probabilistic reversal learning in healthy participants. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9479916 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Altered reward-based learning and stress play an important role in psychiatric illnesses, such as psychosis or addiction. Stress sometimes increases learning from rewards, other times it does not show an effect (Starcke & Brand, 2016). A task addressing reward-based learning is the reversal learning task, which uses probabilistic rewards as feedback and incorporates sudden changes in reward contingencies. The effects of acute stress on reversal learning have rarely been addressed. Objectives Here, we investigated the effect of acute social stress in a within-subject design in healthy participants. Methods A sample of n = 28 male non-clinical participants performed the task in a control condition versus the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a validated method to induce psychosocial stress. In our version of the reversal learning task (Reiter, 2016), participants choose between two anti-correlated stimuli in order to obtain rewards in three blocks. Reward contingencies remain stable for the first 55 trials and the last 35 trials. During the second block, in between the stable blocks, four changes of reward contingencies require participants to flexibly adapt their behavior. Performance was measured in correct responses, switches after losses and wins. Results Cortisol and subjective stress responses showed that the stress induction was successful. Preliminary analyses showed no significant effect of stress induction on any of the performance measures. Conclusions These results demonstrate that reversal learning, at least regarding overall performance measures in our task, is robust to stress-related changes. Modeling and fMRI analyses could yield further insights into more subtle changes after stress induction. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Geffen T, Smallwood J, Finke C, Sjoerds Z, Schlagenhauf F. Functional connectivity alterations between default mode network and occipital cortex in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9480314 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A meta-analysis by Gürsel et al. (2018) found altered functional connectivity in OCD patients within and between default mode (DMN), salience (SN), and frontoparietal networks (FPN), as well as evidence for aberrant fronto-striatal circuitry. Objectives Testing the replicability of meta-analysis rsfMRI findings in OCD patients. Methods We measured functional connectivity during resting-state fMRI in a sample of OCD patients (n=24) and controls matched for age and sex (n=33). The CONN toolbox implemented in SPM was used to perform seed-to-voxel analysis using 30 seed regions based on the previous meta-analytic findings. Results OCD patients showed reduced functional connectivity between SN and DMN compared to controls, replicating previous findings. We did not observe significant group differences of functional connectivity within the DMN, SN, or FPN. The strongest finding consisted of altered connectivity between DMN and SN to the visual network. OCD patients showed reduced functional connectivity between the left lateral parietal seed (LPl) and the inferior lateral occipital pole left (iLOCl) compared to controls. Furthermore, the LPl was found to be hyperconnected with the right superior lateral occipital cortex (sLOCr) and the right precuneus. This finding was positively correlated to OCD symptom severity, especially compulsions. Conclusions Our findings replicated partly the meta-analysis findings, specifically reduced connectivity between SN and DMN. Using seeds based on the meta-analysis, we identified aberrations between the SN and, in particular, the DMN to the visual network. This raises the question about the visual system’s involvement in OCD symptoms and the abnormal connectivity of a unimodal region to the multimodal DMN. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Sebold M, Garbusow M, Jetzschmann P, Schad DJ, Nebe S, Schlagenhauf F, Heinz A, Rapp M, Romanczuk-Seiferth N. Reward and avoidance learning in the context of aversive environments and possible implications for depressive symptoms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2437-2449. [PMID: 31254091 PMCID: PMC6695365 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aversive stimuli in the environment influence human actions. This includes valence-dependent influences on action selection, e.g., increased avoidance but decreased approach behavior. However, it is yet unclear how aversive stimuli interact with complex learning and decision-making in the reward and avoidance domain. Moreover, the underlying computational mechanisms of these decision-making biases are unknown. METHODS To elucidate these mechanisms, 54 healthy young male subjects performed a two-step sequential decision-making task, which allows to computationally model different aspects of learning, e.g., model-free, habitual, and model-based, goal-directed learning. We used a within-subject design, crossing task valence (reward vs. punishment learning) with emotional context (aversive vs. neutral background stimuli). We analyzed choice data, applied a computational model, and performed simulations. RESULTS Whereas model-based learning was not affected, aversive stimuli interacted with model-free learning in a way that depended on task valence. Thus, aversive stimuli increased model-free avoidance learning but decreased model-free reward learning. The computational model confirmed this effect: the parameter lambda that indicates the influence of reward prediction errors on decision values was increased in the punishment condition but decreased in the reward condition when aversive stimuli were present. Further, by using the inferred computational parameters to simulate choice data, our effects were captured. Exploratory analyses revealed that the observed biases were associated with subclinical depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Our data show that aversive environmental stimuli affect complex learning and decision-making, which depends on task valence. Further, we provide a model of the underlying computations of this affective modulation. Finally, our finding of increased decision-making biases in subjects reporting subclinical depressive symptoms matches recent reports of amplified Pavlovian influences on action selection in depression and suggests a potential vulnerability factor for mood disorders. We discuss our findings in the light of the involvement of the neuromodulators serotonin and dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sebold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Department for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - M Garbusow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Jetzschmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - D J Schad
- Cognitive Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - S Nebe
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Schlagenhauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04303, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Rapp
- Department for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - N Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Stephan KE, Schlagenhauf F, Huys QJM, Raman S, Aponte EA, Brodersen KH, Rigoux L, Moran RJ, Daunizeau J, Dolan RJ, Friston KJ, Heinz A. Computational neuroimaging strategies for single patient predictions. Neuroimage 2016; 145:180-199. [PMID: 27346545 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging increasingly exploits machine learning techniques in an attempt to achieve clinically relevant single-subject predictions. An alternative to machine learning, which tries to establish predictive links between features of the observed data and clinical variables, is the deployment of computational models for inferring on the (patho)physiological and cognitive mechanisms that generate behavioural and neuroimaging responses. This paper discusses the rationale behind a computational approach to neuroimaging-based single-subject inference, focusing on its potential for characterising disease mechanisms in individual subjects and mapping these characterisations to clinical predictions. Following an overview of two main approaches - Bayesian model selection and generative embedding - which can link computational models to individual predictions, we review how these methods accommodate heterogeneity in psychiatric and neurological spectrum disorders, help avoid erroneous interpretations of neuroimaging data, and establish a link between a mechanistic, model-based approach and the statistical perspectives afforded by machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Stephan
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - F Schlagenhauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04130 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Q J M Huys
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Raman
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E A Aponte
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K H Brodersen
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Rigoux
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - R J Moran
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK; Virgina Institute of Technology, USA
| | - J Daunizeau
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; ICM Paris, France
| | - R J Dolan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK
| | - K J Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - A Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Wittmann A, Schlagenhauf F, Guhn A, Lueken U, Gaehlsdorf C, Stoy M, Bermpohl F, Fydrich T, Pfleiderer B, Bruhn H, Gerlach AL, Kircher T, Straube B, Wittchen HU, Arolt V, Heinz A, Ströhle A. Anticipating agoraphobic situations: the neural correlates of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Psychol Med 2014; 44:2385-2396. [PMID: 24398049 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713003085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panic disorder with agoraphobia is characterized by panic attacks and anxiety in situations where escape might be difficult. However, neuroimaging studies specifically focusing on agoraphobia are rare. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with disorder-specific stimuli to investigate the neural substrates of agoraphobia. METHOD We compared the neural activations of 72 patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia with 72 matched healthy control subjects in a 3-T fMRI study. To isolate agoraphobia-specific alterations we tested the effects of the anticipation and perception of an agoraphobia-specific stimulus set. During fMRI, 48 agoraphobia-specific and 48 neutral pictures were randomly presented with and without anticipatory stimulus indicating the content of the subsequent pictures (Westphal paradigm). RESULTS During the anticipation of agoraphobia-specific pictures, stronger activations were found in the bilateral ventral striatum and left insula in patients compared with controls. There were no group differences during the perception phase of agoraphobia-specific pictures. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed stronger region-specific activations in patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia in anticipation of agoraphobia-specific stimuli. Patients seem to process these stimuli more intensively based on individual salience. Hyperactivation of the ventral striatum and insula when anticipating agoraphobia-specific situations might be a central neurofunctional correlate of agoraphobia. Knowledge about the neural correlates of anticipatory and perceptual processes regarding agoraphobic situations will help to optimize and evaluate treatments, such as exposure therapy, in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wittmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Charité University Medicine Berlin,Germany
| | - F Schlagenhauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Charité University Medicine Berlin,Germany
| | - A Guhn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy,University of Wuerzburg,Wuerzburg,Germany
| | - U Lueken
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy,Technische Universität Dresden,Dresden,Germany
| | - C Gaehlsdorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Charité University Medicine Berlin,Germany
| | - M Stoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Charité University Medicine Berlin,Germany
| | - F Bermpohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Charité University Medicine Berlin,Germany
| | - T Fydrich
- Institute of Psychology,Psychotherapy and Somatopsychology - Humboldt Universität zu Berlin,Germany
| | - B Pfleiderer
- Department of Clinical Radiology,University of Münster,Münster,Germany
| | - H Bruhn
- Department of Radiology,University of Jena,Jena,Germany
| | - A L Gerlach
- Department of Psychology,University of Cologne,Cologne,Germany
| | - T Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Philipps-University Marburg,Marburg,Germany
| | - B Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Philipps-University Marburg,Marburg,Germany
| | - H-U Wittchen
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy,Technische Universität Dresden,Dresden,Germany
| | - V Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Münster,Münster,Germany
| | - A Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Charité University Medicine Berlin,Germany
| | - A Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Charité University Medicine Berlin,Germany
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Uhl I, Bez JA, Stamm T, Pilhatsch M, Assion HJ, Norra C, Lewitzka U, Schlagenhauf F, Bauer M, Juckel G. Influence of levothyroxine in augmentation therapy for bipolar depression on central serotonergic function. Pharmacopsychiatry 2014; 47:180-3. [PMID: 25002290 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1383654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adjunctive treatment with supraphysiological doses of levothyroxine (L-T4) in bipolar depression shows promise, but the neurobiological mechanisms underlying clinical improvement are unknown. It has been postulated from animal studies that exogenous thyroid hormones may exert their modulatory effects in patients with affective disorders via an increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. Therefore, we investigated the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) as a measure of central serotonergic activity and response to L-T4. METHODS This 6-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study assessed the efficacy of L-T4 adjunctive to continuing treatment with mood stabilizer and/or antidepressant medication in 20 patients with bipolar depression. LDAEP was assessed before and after treatment with L-T4. RESULTS Scores of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale decreased significantly during the study. There was no difference in pre- and post-treatment LDAEP between the groups, and no correlation between LDAEP and psychometric measures in the course of the study. DISCUSSION The hypothesis of a relationship between response of augmentation therapy with levothyroxine in bipolar depression and serotonergic activity could not be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Uhl
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - J A Bez
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - T Stamm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Pilhatsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - H-J Assion
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - C Norra
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - U Lewitzka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - F Schlagenhauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - G Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Pilhatsch M, Schlagenhauf F, Silverman D, Berman S, London ED, Martinez D, Whybrow PC, Bauer M. Antibodies in autoimmune thyroiditis affect glucose metabolism of anterior cingulate. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 37:73-7. [PMID: 24365060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothyroidism induced by an autoimmune process is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms and metabolic abnormalities in the brain. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between autoimmune thyroiditis and regional brain function in hypothyroid patients. METHODS Cerebral glucose metabolism, as an index of brain function, was assessed in regional whole-brain analyses using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in thirteen hypothyroid patients with autoimmune thyroiditis suffering from neuropsychiatric symptoms. The primary biological measures were radioactivity in pre-selected brain regions, relative to whole-brain radioactivity, as a surrogate index of glucose metabolism, and serum levels of thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies as endocrine markers of autoimmune thyroiditis. RESULTS Serum levels of anti-TG antibodies in hypothyroid patients were significantly correlated with glucose metabolism in the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, a brain region previously shown to regulate affect and emotional homeostasis. CONCLUSION Thyroid autoimmune processes may play an important role in the still poorly defined pathogenic correlates of disturbed function in brain regions critically involved in emotional processing in hypothyroid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilhatsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - F Schlagenhauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Silverman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Berman
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E D London
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D Martinez
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P C Whybrow
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Kienast T, Schlagenhauf F, Rapp MA, Wrase J, Daig I, Buchholz HG, Smolka MN, Gründer G, Kumakura Y, Cumming P, Charlet K, Bartenstein P, Hariri AR, Heinz A. Dopamine-modulated aversive emotion processing fails in alcohol-dependent patients. Pharmacopsychiatry 2013; 46:130-6. [PMID: 23364872 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1331747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Negative mood states after alcohol detoxification may enhance the relapse risk. As recently shown in healthy volunteers, dopamine storage capacity (V d) in the left amygdala was positively correlated with functional activation in the left amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during an emotional task; high functional connectivity between the amygdala and the ACC, a region important for emotion regulation, was associated with low trait anxiety. Based on these findings, we now tested whether detoxified alcohol-dependent patients have a disrupted modulation of the anterior cingulate cortex activation in response to aversive stimuli by amygdala dopamine. Furthermore, we asked whether disrupted functional coupling between amygdala and ACC during aversive processing is related to trait anxiety.We used combined 6-[18F]-fluoro-l-DOPA positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and Spielberger's state-trait anxiety questionnaire (STAI) in 11 male detoxified alcohol-dependent patients compared to 13 matched healthy controls.Unlike healthy controls, patients showed no significant correlation between our PET metric for dopamine storage capacity (FDOPA V d), in left amygdala and activation in left ACC. Moreover, the functional connectivity between amygdala and ACC during processing of aversive emotional stimuli was reduced in patients. Voxel-based morphometry did not reveal any discernible group differences in amygdala volume.These results suggest that dopamine-modulated corticolimbic circuit function is important for responding to emotional information such that apparent functional deficits in this neuromodulatory circuitry may contribute to trait anxiety in alcohol-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kienast
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, -Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kaufmann C, Beucke JC, Preuße F, Endrass T, Schlagenhauf F, Heinz A, Juckel G, Kathmann N. Medial prefrontal brain activation to anticipated reward and loss in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2013; 2:212-20. [PMID: 24179774 PMCID: PMC3777673 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with dysfunctional brain activity in several regions which are also involved in the processing of motivational stimuli. Processing of reward and punishment appears to be of special importance to understand clinical symptoms. There is evidence for higher sensitivity to punishment in patients with OCD which raises the question how avoidance of punishment relates to activity within the brain's reward circuitry. We employed the monetary incentive delay task paradigm optimized for modeling the anticipation phase of immediate reward and punishment, in the context of a cross-sectional event-related FMRI study comparing OCD patients and healthy control participants (n = 19 in each group). While overall behavioral performance was similar in both groups, patients showed increased activation upon anticipated losses in a medial and superior frontal cortex region extending into the cingulate cortex, and decreased activation upon anticipated rewards. No evidence was found for altered activation of dorsal or ventral striatal regions. Patients also showed more delayed responses for anticipated rewards than for anticipated losses whereas the reverse was true in healthy participants. The medial prefrontal cortex has been shown to implement a domain-general process comprising negative affect, pain and cognitive control. This process uses information about punishment to control aversively motivated actions by integrating signals arriving from subcortical regions. Our results support the notion that OCD is associated with altered sensitivity to anticipated rewards and losses in a medial prefrontal region whereas there is no significant aberrant activation in ventral or dorsal striatal brain regions during processing of reinforcement anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kaufmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 18, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Deserno L, Brodersen K, Lin Z, Penny W, Heinz A, Stephan K, Schlagenhauf F. 2205 – Working memory dependent prefrontal-parietal connectivity and model-based diagnostic classification in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(13)77078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Hägele C, Friedel E, Schlagenhauf F, Sterzer P, Beck A, Bermpohl F, Stoy M, Ströhle A, Heinz A. 2327 – Emotion processing across psychiatric disorders - a dimensional approach. Eur Psychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(13)77172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Wittmann A, Schlagenhauf F, John T, Guhn A, Rehbein H, Siegmund A, Stoy M, Held D, Schulz I, Fehm L, Fydrich T, Heinz A, Bruhn H, Ströhle A. A new paradigm (Westphal-Paradigm) to study the neural correlates of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2011; 261:185-94. [PMID: 21113608 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-010-0167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Agoraphobia (with and without panic disorder) is a highly prevalent and disabling anxiety disorder. Its neural complexity can be characterized by specific cues in fMRI studies. Therefore, we developed a fMRI paradigm with agoraphobia-specific stimuli. Pictures of potential agoraphobic situations were generated. Twenty-six patients, suffering from panic disorder and agoraphobia, and 22 healthy controls rated the pictures with respect to arousal, valence, and agoraphobia-related anxiety. The 96 pictures, which discriminated best between groups were chosen, split into two parallel sets and supplemented with matched neutral pictures from the International Affective Picture System. Reliability, criterion, and construct validity of the picture set were determined in a second sample (44 patients, 28 controls). The resulting event-related "Westphal-Paradigm" with cued and uncued pictures was tested in a fMRI pilot study with 16 patients. Internal consistency of the sets was very high; parallelism was given. Positive correlations of picture ratings with Mobility Inventory and Hamilton anxiety scores support construct validity. FMRI data revealed activations in areas associated with the fear circuit including amygdala, insula, and hippocampal areas. Psychometric properties of the Westphal-Paradigm meet necessary quality requirements for further scientific use. The paradigm reliably produces behavioral and fMRI patterns in response to agoraphobia-specific stimuli. To our knowledge, it is the first fMRI paradigm with these properties. This paradigm can be used to further characterize the functional neuroanatomy of panic disorder and agoraphobia and might be useful to contribute data to the differentiation of panic disorder and agoraphobia as related, but conceptually different clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wittmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Bauer M, Silverman DHS, Schlagenhauf F, London ED, Geist CL, van Herle K, Rasgon N, Martinez D, Miller K, van Herle A, Berman SM, Phelps ME, Whybrow PC. Brain glucose metabolism in hypothyroidism: a positron emission tomography study before and after thyroid hormone replacement therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:2922-9. [PMID: 19435829 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypothyroidism is frequently associated with subtle behavioral and psychiatric symptoms. The consequences of inadequate thyroid hormone availability to brain metabolism are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the relationships between neuropsychiatric symptoms and changes in relative regional cerebral glucose metabolism in hypothyroid patients undergoing thyroid hormone replacement therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND OUTCOME MEASURE: Relative regional cerebral glucose metabolism was compared in 13 previously untreated hypothyroid patients and 10 healthy control participants. Effects of thyroid hormone replacement therapy (levothyroxine, 3 months) were assessed using neuropsychiatric measures and positron emission tomography with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose. RESULTS Before treatment, hypothyroid patients exhibited lower regional activity than control subjects in the bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, and perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left subgenual ACC, and right posterior cingulate cortex. Severity of depressive symptoms covaried negatively with pretreatment activity in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus and right subgenual and dorsal ACC. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy abolished pretreatment group differences in regional activity, robustly increased activity in the ventral ACC, and significantly reduced both clinician-rated and self-rated behavioral and psychiatric symptoms. Increased activity within the ventral ACC was associated with reduced somatic complaints, whereas increased activity within the dorsal ACC was associated with reduced depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Reduction of the behavioral complaints during thyroid hormone therapy is associated with a restoration of metabolic activity in brain areas that are integral to the regulation of affect and cognition. The findings suggest that thyroid hormone modulates regional glucose metabolism and psychiatric symptoms in the mature brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany.
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Schlagenhauf F, Beck A, Dinges M, Wrase J, Juckel G, Gallinat J, Heinz A. Switching schizophrenia patients from typical neuroleptics to aripiprazole increased dorsal anterior cingulate activity during working memory. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Stoy M, Schlagenhauf F, Sterzer P, Hägele C, Bermpohl F, Knutson B, Bauer M, Heinz A, Ströhle A. Hyporeactivity of ventral striatum towards incentive stimuli in unmedicated depressed patients normalizes after treatment with escitalopram. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Wrase J, Mathers A, Seiferth N, Wuestenberg T, Park S, Kahnt T, Schlagenhauf F, Beck A, Heinz A. Association between memory functions and reward anticipation in alcoholism. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Beck A, Schlagenhauf F, Wüstenberg T, Hein J, Kienast T, Kahnt T, Schmack K, Hägele C, Knutson B, Heinz A, Wrase J. Ventral striatal activation during reward anticipation correlates with impulsivity in alcoholics. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71675-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Juckel G, Schlagenhauf F, Koslowski M, Filonow D, Knutson B, Wrase J, Heinz A. Ventral striatum activation by typical versus atypical neuroleptics in a fMRI paradigm with monetary incentive stimuli. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schlagenhauf F, Schmitz N. Messung körperlicher Beschwerden mit dem Gießener Beschwerdebogen in einer ambulanten psychosomatischen Patientenstichprobe. Psychother Psych Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-822563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schlagenhauf F, Schmitz N. Messung körperlicher Beschwerden mit dem Gießener Beschwerdebogen in einer ambulanten psychosomatischen Patientenstichprobe. Psychother Psych Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-819868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Northoff G, Richter A, Gessner M, Schlagenhauf F, Fell J, Baumgart F, Kaulisch T, Kötter R, Stephan KE, Leschinger A, Hagner T, Bargel B, Witzel T, Hinrichs H, Bogerts B, Scheich H, Heinze HJ. Functional dissociation between medial and lateral prefrontal cortical spatiotemporal activation in negative and positive emotions: a combined fMRI/MEG study. Cereb Cortex 2000; 10:93-107. [PMID: 10639399 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/10.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex has been cytoarchitectonically and connectionally subdivided into a medial and a lateral part which are assumed to subserve distinct functions in emotional processing. However the exact spatiotemporal mechanisms of negative and positive emotional processing in medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex remain unclear. We therefore investigated spatiotemporal orbitofrontal and prefrontal cortical activation patterns during emotional stimulation in a combined fMRI/MEG study. We investigated 10 healthy subjects, 5 women and 5 men. Positive and negative pictures from the International Affective Picture system (IAPS) were used for emotional stimulation, whereas neutral and gray pictures were taken as control conditions. fMRI/MEG measurements covered the whole frontal lobe and a time window between -2000 and +200 ms around motor responses (right index finger extension) associated with each picture. Positively and negatively correlated activities were determined in various prefrontal/frontal cortical regions in fMRI. Isocontour maps and single dipoles in MEG were analyzed in 50 ms time windows ranging from -2000 to +200 ms. Dipoles and fMR images were mapped on three-dimensional anatomical MRI so that anatomical localization of single dipoles and regional fMRI activity could be compared. Both negative and positive emotional conditions differed from non-emotional control conditions by strong orbitofrontal and lateral prefrontal activation as well as by the presence of early magnetic fields (-1700 to +1100 ms). Negative emotional processing was characterized by strong medial orbitofrontal activation and earlier (-1700 ms), stronger and more medially oriented orbitofrontal dipoles. In contrast positive emotional processing showed a rather strong activation in lateral prefrontal cortex with later (-1500 ms), weaker and more laterally oriented orbito and prefrontal dipoles. Negative emotional processing can be characterized by strong and early medial orbitofrontal cortical activation, whereas positive emotional processing showed rather later and weaker activation in lateral orbitofrontal/prefrontal cortex. Such a functional dissociation between medial and lateral orbito-frontal/prefrontal cortex during negative and positive emotional processing lends further support to the assumption of a functional subdivision in the orbitofrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Northoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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