1
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Abstract
The ability to measure emotional states in daily life using mobile devices has led to a surge of exciting new research on the temporal evolution of emotions. However, much of the potential of these data still remains untapped. In this paper, we reanalyze emotion measurements from seven openly available experience sampling methodology studies with a total of 835 individuals to systematically investigate the modality (unimodal, bimodal, and more than two modes) and skewness of within-person emotion measurements. We show that both multimodality and skewness are highly prevalent. In addition, we quantify the heterogeneity across items, individuals, and measurement designs. Our analysis reveals that multimodality is more likely in studies using an analog slider scale than in studies using a Likert scale; negatively valenced items are consistently more skewed than positive valenced items; and longer time series show a higher degree of modality in positive and a higher skew in negative items. We end by discussing the implications of our results for theorizing, measurement, and time series modeling. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Haslbeck
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University
| | - Oisín Ryan
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University
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2
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Dablander F, Pichler A, Cika A, Bacilieri A. Anticipating critical transitions in psychological systems using early warning signals: Theoretical and practical considerations. Psychol Methods 2023; 28:765-790. [PMID: 34990190 DOI: 10.1037/met0000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Many real-world systems can exhibit tipping points and multiple stable states, creating the potential for sudden and difficult to reverse transitions into a less desirable regime. The theory of dynamical systems points to the existence of generic early warning signals that may precede these so-called critical transitions. Recently, psychologists have begun to conceptualize mental disorders such as depression as an alternative stable state, and suggested that early warning signals based on the phenomenon of critical slowing down might be useful for predicting transitions into depression and other psychiatric disorders. Harnessing the potential of early warning signals requires us to understand their limitations as well as the factors influencing their performance in practice. In this article, we (a) review limitations of early warning signals based on critical slowing down to better understand when they can and cannot occur, and (b) study the conditions under which early warning signals may anticipate critical transitions in online-monitoring settings by simulating from a bistable dynamical system, varying crucial features such as sampling frequency, noise intensity, and speed of approaching the tipping point. We find that, in sharp contrast to their reputation of being generic or model-agnostic, whether early warning signals occur or not strongly depends on the specifics of the system. We also find that they are very sensitive to noise, potentially limiting their utility in practical applications. We discuss the implications of our findings and provide suggestions and recommendations for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Pichler
- Institute for New Economic Thinking, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford
| | - Arta Cika
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford
| | - Andrea Bacilieri
- Institute for New Economic Thinking, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford
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3
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Eigenschink M, Bellach L, Leonard S, Dablander TE, Maier J, Dablander F, Sitte HH. Cross-sectional survey and Bayesian network model analysis of traditional Chinese medicine in Austria: investigating public awareness, usage determinants and perception of scientific support. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e060644. [PMID: 36863740 PMCID: PMC9990654 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the paucity of evidence verifying its efficacy and safety, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is expanding in popularity and political support. Decisions to include TCM diagnoses in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision and campaigns to integrate TCM into national healthcare systems have occurred while public perception and usage of TCM, especially in Europe, remains undetermined. Accordingly, this study investigates TCM's popularity, usage and perceived scientific support, as well as its relationship to homeopathy and vaccinations. DESIGN/SETTING We performed a cross-sectional survey of the Austrian population. Participants were either recruited on the street (in-person) or online (web-link) via a popular Austrian newspaper. PARTICIPANTS 1382 individuals completed our survey. The sample was poststratified according to data derived from Austria's Federal Statistical Office. OUTCOME MEASURES Associations between sociodemographic factors, opinion towards TCM and usage of complementary medicine (CAM) were investigated using a Bayesian graphical model. RESULTS Within our poststratified sample, TCM was broadly known (89.9% of women, 90.6% of men), with 58.9% of women and 39.5% of men using TCM between 2016 and 2019. Moreover, 66.4% of women and 49.7% of men agreed with TCM being supported by science. We found a positive relationship between perceived scientific support for TCM and trust in TCM-certified medical doctors (ρ=0.59, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.73). Moreover, perceived scientific support for TCM was negatively correlated with proclivity to get vaccinated (ρ=-0.26, 95% CI -0.43 to -0.08). Additionally, our network model yielded associations between TCM-related, homeopathy-related and vaccination-related variables. CONCLUSIONS TCM is widely known within the Austrian general population and used by a substantial proportion. However, a disparity exists between the commonly held public perception that TCM is scientific and findings from evidence-based studies. Emphasis should be placed on supporting the distribution of unbiased, science-driven information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eigenschink
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Luise Bellach
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Sebastian Leonard
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tom Eric Dablander
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Julian Maier
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Fabian Dablander
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
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4
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Abstract
Researchers are often interested in comparing statistical network models estimated from groups that are defined by the sum-score of the modeled variables. A prominent example is an analysis that compares networks of individuals with and without a diagnosis of a certain disorder. Recently, several authors suggested that this practice may lead to invalid inferences by introducing Berkson's bias. In this article, we show that whether bias is present or not depends on which research question one aims to answer. We review five possible research questions one may have in mind when separately estimating network models in groups that are based on sum-scores. For each research question, we provide an illustration with a simulated bivariate example and discuss the nature of the bias, if present. We show that if one is indeed interested in the network models of the groups defined by the sum-score, no bias is introduced. However, if one is interested in differences across groups defined by a variable other than the sum-score, detecting population heterogeneity, the network model in the general population, or inferring causal relations, then bias will be introduced in most situations. Finally, we discuss for each research question how bias can be avoided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oisín Ryan
- Department of Methodology and Statistics
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5
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Burger J, Epskamp S, van der Veen DC, Dablander F, Schoevers RA, Fried EI, Riese H. A clinical PREMISE for personalized models: Toward a formal integration of case formulations and statistical networks. J Psychopathol Clin Sci 2022; 131:906-916. [PMID: 36326631 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the idiographic approach has received significant attention in clinical psychology, incentivizing the development of novel approaches to estimate statistical models, such as personalized networks. Although the notion of such networks aligns well with the way clinicians think and reason, there are currently several barriers to implementation that limit their clinical utility. To address these issues, we introduce the Prior Elicitation Module for Idiographic System Estimation (PREMISE), a novel approach that formally integrates case formulations with personalized network estimation via prior elicitation and Bayesian inference. PREMISE tackles current implementation barriers of personalized networks; incorporating clinical information into personalized network estimation systematically allows theoretical and data-driven integration, supporting clinician and patient collaboration when building a dynamic understanding of the patient's psychopathology. To illustrate its potential, we estimate clinically informed networks for a patient suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. We discuss open challenges in selecting statistical models for PREMISE, as well as specific future directions for clinical implementation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Burger
- University Center Psychiatry (UCP) Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen
| | - Sacha Epskamp
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore
| | - Date C van der Veen
- University Center Psychiatry (UCP) Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen
| | | | - Robert A Schoevers
- University Center Psychiatry (UCP) Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen
| | - Eiko I Fried
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University
| | - Harriëtte Riese
- University Center Psychiatry (UCP) Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen
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6
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Dekker MM, Blanken TF, Dablander F, Ou J, Borsboom D, Panja D. Quantifying agent impacts on contact sequences in social interactions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3483. [PMID: 35241710 PMCID: PMC8894368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human social behavior plays a crucial role in how pathogens like SARS-CoV-2 or fake news spread in a population. Social interactions determine the contact network among individuals, while spreading, requiring individual-to-individual transmission, takes place on top of the network. Studying the topological aspects of a contact network, therefore, not only has the potential of leading to valuable insights into how the behavior of individuals impacts spreading phenomena, but it may also open up possibilities for devising effective behavioral interventions. Because of the temporal nature of interactions—since the topology of the network, containing who is in contact with whom, when, for how long, and in which precise sequence, varies (rapidly) in time—analyzing them requires developing network methods and metrics that respect temporal variability, in contrast to those developed for static (i.e., time-invariant) networks. Here, by means of event mapping, we propose a method to quantify how quickly agents mingle by transforming temporal network data of agent contacts. We define a novel measure called contact sequence centrality, which quantifies the impact of an individual on the contact sequences, reflecting the individual’s behavioral potential for spreading. Comparing contact sequence centrality across agents allows for ranking the impact of agents and identifying potential ‘behavioral super-spreaders’. The method is applied to social interaction data collected at an art fair in Amsterdam. We relate the measure to the existing network metrics, both temporal and static, and find that (mostly at longer time scales) traditional metrics lose their resemblance to contact sequence centrality. Our work highlights the importance of accounting for the sequential nature of contacts when analyzing social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Dekker
- Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Centre for Complex Systems Studies, Utrecht University, Minnaertgebouw, Leuvenlaan 4, 3584 CE, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tessa F Blanken
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 VZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Dablander
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 VZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jiamin Ou
- Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Denny Borsboom
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 VZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debabrata Panja
- Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Complex Systems Studies, Utrecht University, Minnaertgebouw, Leuvenlaan 4, 3584 CE, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Dablander F, Heesterbeek H, Borsboom D, Drake JM. Overlapping timescales obscure early warning signals of the second COVID-19 wave. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20211809. [PMID: 35135355 PMCID: PMC8825995 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early warning indicators based on critical slowing down have been suggested as a model-independent and low-cost tool to anticipate the (re)emergence of infectious diseases. We studied whether such indicators could reliably have anticipated the second COVID-19 wave in European countries. Contrary to theoretical predictions, we found that characteristic early warning indicators generally decreased rather than increased prior to the second wave. A model explains this unexpected finding as a result of transient dynamics and the multiple timescales of relaxation during a non-stationary epidemic. Particularly, if an epidemic that seems initially contained after a first wave does not fully settle to its new quasi-equilibrium prior to changing circumstances or conditions that force a second wave, then indicators will show a decreasing rather than an increasing trend as a result of the persistent transient trajectory of the first wave. Our simulations show that this lack of timescale separation was to be expected during the second European epidemic wave of COVID-19. Overall, our results emphasize that the theory of critical slowing down applies only when the external forcing of the system across a critical point is slow relative to the internal system dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dablander
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Heesterbeek
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Denny Borsboom
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John M. Drake
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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8
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Dablander F, Huth K, Gronau QF, Etz A, Wagenmakers EJ. A puzzle of proportions: Two popular Bayesian tests can yield dramatically different conclusions. Stat Med 2021; 41:1319-1333. [PMID: 34897784 PMCID: PMC9299731 DOI: 10.1002/sim.9278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Testing the equality of two proportions is a common procedure in science, especially in medicine and public health. In these domains, it is crucial to be able to quantify evidence for the absence of a treatment effect. Bayesian hypothesis testing by means of the Bayes factor provides one avenue to do so, requiring the specification of prior distributions for parameters. The most popular analysis approach views the comparison of proportions from a contingency table perspective, assigning prior distributions directly to the two proportions. Another, less popular approach views the problem from a logistic regression perspective, assigning prior distributions to logit-transformed parameters. Reanalyzing 39 null results from the New England Journal of Medicine with both approaches, we find that they can lead to markedly different conclusions, especially when the observed proportions are at the extremes (ie, very low or very high). We explain these stark differences and provide recommendations for researchers interested in testing the equality of two proportions and users of Bayes factors more generally. The test that assigns prior distributions to logit-transformed parameters creates prior dependence between the two proportions and yields weaker evidence when the observations are at the extremes. When comparing two proportions, we argue that this test should become the new default.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dablander
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karoline Huth
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quentin F Gronau
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Etz
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Tanis CC, Leach NM, Geiger SJ, Nauta FH, Dablander F, van Harreveld F, de Wit S, Kanters G, Knoppers J, Markus DAW, Bouten RRM, Oostvogel QH, Boersma MJ, van der Steenhoven MV, Borsboom D, Blanken TF. Smart Distance Lab's art fair, experimental data on social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Data 2021; 8:179. [PMID: 34267219 PMCID: PMC8282783 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the absence of a vaccine, social distancing behaviour is pivotal to mitigate COVID-19 virus spread. In this large-scale behavioural experiment, we gathered data during Smart Distance Lab: The Art Fair (n = 839) between August 28 and 30, 2020 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. We varied walking directions (bidirectional, unidirectional, and no directions) and supplementary interventions (face mask and buzzer to alert visitors of 1.5 metres distance). We captured visitors’ movements using cameras, registered their contacts (defined as within 1.5 metres) using wearable sensors, and assessed their attitudes toward COVID-19 as well as their experience during the event using questionnaires. We also registered environmental measures (e.g., humidity). In this paper, we describe this unprecedented, multi-modal experimental data set on social distancing, including psychological, behavioural, and environmental measures. The data set is available on figshare and in a MySQL database. It can be used to gain insight into (attitudes toward) behavioural interventions promoting social distancing, to calibrate pedestrian models, and to inform new studies on behavioural interventions. Measurement(s) | Proximity • Movement • Attitudes and beliefs relating to COVID-19 • Indoor environment measures | Technology Type(s) | Ultra-wideband technology • Camera Device • questionnaire • environment sensor | Factor Type(s) | Walking direction • Wearing of face masks • Proximity buzzer | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Homo sapiens | Sample Characteristic - Environment | public exhibition | Sample Characteristic - Location | Kingdom of the Netherlands |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14312180
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte C Tanis
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, 1018, WS, the Netherlands.
| | - Nina M Leach
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, 1018, WS, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra J Geiger
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, 1018, WS, the Netherlands
| | - Floor H Nauta
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, 1018, WS, the Netherlands
| | - Fabian Dablander
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, 1018, WS, the Netherlands
| | - Frenk van Harreveld
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, 1018, WS, the Netherlands.,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 3721, MA, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne de Wit
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, 1018, WS, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jop Knoppers
- Centillien B.V., Mierlo, 5731, SG, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rick R M Bouten
- Focus Technologies B.V., Eindhoven, 5657, EW, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Denny Borsboom
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, 1018, WS, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa F Blanken
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Amsterdam, 1018, WS, the Netherlands.
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10
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van Doorn J, van den Bergh D, Böhm U, Dablander F, Derks K, Draws T, Etz A, Evans NJ, Gronau QF, Haaf JM, Hinne M, Kucharský Š, Ly A, Marsman M, Matzke D, Gupta ARKN, Sarafoglou A, Stefan A, Voelkel JG, Wagenmakers EJ. The JASP guidelines for conducting and reporting a Bayesian analysis. Psychon Bull Rev 2021; 28:813-826. [PMID: 33037582 PMCID: PMC8219590 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-020-01798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing popularity of Bayesian inference in empirical research, few practical guidelines provide detailed recommendations for how to apply Bayesian procedures and interpret the results. Here we offer specific guidelines for four different stages of Bayesian statistical reasoning in a research setting: planning the analysis, executing the analysis, interpreting the results, and reporting the results. The guidelines for each stage are illustrated with a running example. Although the guidelines are geared towards analyses performed with the open-source statistical software JASP, most guidelines extend to Bayesian inference in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Udo Böhm
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Koen Derks
- Nyenrode Business University, Breukelen, Netherlands
| | - Tim Draws
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Max Hinne
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander Ly
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Dora Matzke
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Abstract
Time series of individual subjects have become a common data type in psychological research. The Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, which predicts each variable by all variables including itself at previous time points, has become a popular modeling choice for these data. However, the number of observations in typical psychological applications is often small, which puts the reliability of VAR coefficients into question. In such situations it is possible that the simpler AR model, which only predicts each variable by itself at previous time points, is more appropriate. Bulteel et al. (2018) used empirical data to investigate in which situations the AR or VAR models are more appropriate and suggest a rule to choose between the two models in practice. We provide an extended analysis of these issues using a simulation study. This allows us to (1) directly investigate the relative performance of AR and VAR models in typical psychological applications, (2) show how the relative performance depends both on n and characteristics of the true model, (3) quantify the uncertainty in selecting between the two models, and (4) assess the relative performance of different model selection strategies. We thereby provide a more complete picture for applied researchers about when the VAR model is appropriate in typical psychological applications, and how to select between AR and VAR models in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dablander
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Oisín Ryan
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jonas M. B. Haslbeck
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Ly A, Stefan A, van Doorn J, Dablander F, van den Bergh D, Sarafoglou A, Kucharský S, Derks K, Gronau QF, Raj A, Boehm U, van Kesteren EJ, Hinne M, Matzke D, Marsman M, Wagenmakers EJ. The Bayesian Methodology of Sir Harold Jeffreys as a Practical Alternative to the P Value Hypothesis Test. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42113-019-00070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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van den Bergh D, van Doorn J, Marsman M, Draws T, van Kesteren EJ, Derks K, Dablander F, Gronau QF, Kucharský , Gupta ARKN, Sarafoglou A, Voelkel JG, Stefan A, Ly A, Hinne M, Matzke D, Wagenmakers EJ. A Tutorial on Conducting and Interpreting a Bayesian ANOVA in JASP. L’Année psychologique 2020. [DOI: 10.3917/anpsy1.201.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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14
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Marsman M, Waldorp L, Dablander F, Wagenmakers E. Bayesian estimation of explained variance in ANOVA designs. STAT NEERL 2019; 73:351-372. [PMID: 31341338 PMCID: PMC6618269 DOI: 10.1111/stan.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We propose to use the squared multiple correlation coefficient as an effect size measure for experimental analysis-of-variance designs and to use Bayesian methods to estimate its posterior distribution. We provide the expressions for the squared multiple, semipartial, and partial correlation coefficients corresponding to four commonly used analysis-of-variance designs and illustrate our contribution with two worked examples.
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15
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Jakob L, Garcia-Garzon E, Jarke H, Dablander F. The Science Behind the Magic? The Relation of the Harry Potter “Sorting Hat Quiz” to Personality and Human Values. Collabra: Psychology 2019. [DOI: 10.1525/collabra.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Harry Potter series describes the adventures of a boy and his peers in a fictional world at the “Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry”. In the series, pupils get appointed to one of four groups (Houses) at the beginning of their education based on their personality traits. The author of the books has constructed an online questionnaire that allows fans to find out their House affiliation. Crysel, Cook, Schember, and Webster (2015) argued that being sorted into a particular Hogwarts House through the Sorting Hat Quiz is related to empirically established personality traits. We replicated their study while improving on sample size, methods, and analysis. Although our results are similar, effect sizes are small overall, which attenuates the claims by Crysel et al. The effect vanishes when restricting the analysis to participants who desired, but were not sorted into a particular House. On a theoretical level, we extend previous research by also analysing the relation of the Hogwarts Houses to Schwartz’s Basic Human Values but find only moderate or no relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Jakob
- Assessment Systems International, Prague, CZ
| | | | | | - Fabian Dablander
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, NL
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16
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Edelsbrunner PA, Dablander F. The Psychometric Modeling of Scientific Reasoning: a Review and Recommendations for Future Avenues. Educ Psychol Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10648-018-9455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Orben AC, Mutak A, Dablander F, Hecht M, Krawiec JM, Valkovičová N, Kosīte D. From Face-to-Face to Facebook: Probing the Effects of Passive Consumption on Interpersonal Attraction. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1163. [PMID: 30042711 PMCID: PMC6048558 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media is radically altering the human social landscape. Before the internet era, human interaction consisted chiefly of direct and reciprocal contact, yet with the rise of social media, the passive consumption of other users’ information is becoming an increasingly popular pastime. Passive consumption occurs when a user reads the posts of another user without interacting with them in any way. Previous studies suggest that people feel more connected to an artificial person after passively consuming their Facebook posts. This finding could help explain how relationships develop during passive consumption and what motivates this kind of social media use. This protocol proposes two studies that would make both a methodological and a theoretical contribution to the field of social media research. Both studies investigate the influence of passive consumption on changes in interpersonal attraction. The first study tests whether screenshots, which are widely used in present research, can be used as a proxy for real Facebook use. It measures the changes in interpersonal attraction after passive consumption of either a screenshot, an artificial in situ profile, or an acquaintance’s real Facebook profile. The second study relies on traditional theories of relationship formation and motivation to investigate which variables (perceived intimacy, perceived frequency of posts, perceived variety of post topics, attributional confidence, and homophily) moderate the link between interpersonal attraction before and after passive consumption. The results of the first study provide insights into the generalizability of the effect by using different stimuli, while also providing a valuable investigation into a commonly used method in the research field. The results of the second study supplement researchers’ understanding of the pathways linking passive use and interpersonal attraction, giving the field further insight into whether theories about offline relationship formation can be used in an online context. Taken together, this protocol aims to shed light on the intricate relation between passive consumption and interpersonal attraction, and variables moderating this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Orben
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Augustin Mutak
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fabian Dablander
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marlene Hecht
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakub M Krawiec
- Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natália Valkovičová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Daina Kosīte
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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