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Al-Mutairi AM, Alshabeeb MA, Abohelaika S, Alomar FA, Bidasee KR. Impact of telemedicine on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1068018. [PMID: 36817609 PMCID: PMC9936328 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1068018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lockdown at the start of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Saudi Arabia (March 2020 to June 2020) shifted routine in-person care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to telemedicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact telemedicine had during this period on glycemic control (HbA1c) in patients with T2DM. METHODS 4,266 patients with T2DM were screened from five Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c (before and after the COVID-19 lockdown), duration of T2DM, comorbidities and antidiabetic medications data were obtained. Mean and standard deviation of differences in HbA1c were calculated to assess the impact of telemedicine intervention. Correlations between clinically significant variances (when change in the level is ≥0.5%) in HbA1c with demographics and clinical characteristic data were determined using chi square test. RESULTS Most of the participants were Saudis (97.7%) with 59.7% female and 56.4% ≥60 years of age. Obesity was 63.8%, dyslipidemia 91%, and hypertension 70%. Mean HbA1c of all patients slightly rose from 8.52% ± 1.5% before lockdown to 8.68% ± 1.6% after lockdown. There were n=1,064 patients (24.9%) whose HbA1c decreased by ≥0.5%, n =1,574 patients whose HbA1c increased by ≥0.5% (36.9%), and n =1,628 patients whose HbA1c changed by <0.5% in either direction (38.2%). More males had significant improvements in glycemia compared to females (28.1% vs 22.8%, p<0.0001), as were individuals below the age of 60 years (28.1% vs 22.5%, p<0.0001). Hypertensive individuals were less likely than non-hypertensive to have glycemic improvement (23.7% vs 27.9%, p=0.015). More patients on sulfonylureas had improvements in HbA1c (42.3% vs 37.9%, p=0.032), whereas patients on insulin had higher HbA1c (62.7% vs 56.2%, p=0.001). HbA1c changes were independent of BMI, duration of disease, hyperlipidemia, heart and kidney diseases. CONCLUSION Telemedicine was helpful in delivering care to T2DM patients during COVID-19 lockdown, with 63.1% of patients maintaining HbA1c and improving glycemia. More males than females showed improvements. However, the HbA1c levels in this cohort of patients pre- and post-lockdown were unsatisfactorily high, and may be due to in part lifestyle, age, education, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar M. Al-Mutairi
- Research Unit, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Abrar M. Al-Mutairi, ; Keshore R. Bidasee,
| | - Mohammad A. Alshabeeb
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Abohelaika
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadhel A. Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Keshore R. Bidasee
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Environment and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, Lincoln, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Abrar M. Al-Mutairi, ; Keshore R. Bidasee,
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Alomar FA, Tian C, Bidasee SR, Venn ZL, Schroder E, Palermo NY, AlShabeeb M, Edagwa BJ, Payne JJ, Bidasee KR. HIV-Tat Exacerbates the Actions of Atazanavir, Efavirenz, and Ritonavir on Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor (RyR2). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010274. [PMID: 36613717 PMCID: PMC9820108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in people living with HIV infection (PLWH), especially those with inadequate viral suppression, is high and the reasons for this remain incompletely characterized. The timely opening and closing of type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is critical for ensuring rhythmic cardiac contraction-relaxation cycles, and the disruption of these processes can elicit Ca2+ waves, ventricular arrhythmias, and SCD. Herein, we show that the HIV protein Tat (HIV-Tat: 0-52 ng/mL) and therapeutic levels of the antiretroviral drugs atazanavir (ATV: 0-25,344 ng/mL), efavirenz (EFV: 0-11,376 ng/mL), and ritonavir (RTV: 0-25,956 ng/mL) bind to and modulate the opening and closing of RyR2. Abacavir (0-14,315 ng/mL), bictegravir (0-22,469 ng/mL), Rilpivirine (0-14,360 ng/mL), and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (0-18,321 ng/mL) did not alter [3H]ryanodine binding to RyR2. Pretreating RyR2 with low HIV-Tat (14 ng/mL) potentiated the abilities of ATV and RTV to bind to open RyR2 and enhanced their ability to bind to EFV to close RyR2. In silico molecular docking using a Schrodinger Prime protein-protein docking algorithm identified three thermodynamically favored interacting sites for HIV-Tat on RyR2. The most favored site resides between amino acids (AA) 1702-1963; the second favored site resides between AA 467-1465, and the third site resides between AA 201-1816. Collectively, these new data show that HIV-Tat, ATV, EFV, and RTV can bind to and modulate the activity of RyR2 and that HIV-Tat can exacerbate the actions of ATV, EFV, and RTV on RyR2. Whether the modulation of RyR2 by these agents increases the risk of arrhythmias and SCD remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadhel A. Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chengju Tian
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sean R. Bidasee
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zachary L. Venn
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Evan Schroder
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nicholas Y. Palermo
- Vice Chancellor for Research Cores, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mohammad AlShabeeb
- Population Health Research Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saudi bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Benson J. Edagwa
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jason J. Payne
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Keshore R. Bidasee
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Environment and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +402-559-9018; Fax: +402-559-7495
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Alruwaili NK, Zafar A, Alsaidan OA, Yasir M, Mostafa EM, Alnomasy S, Rawaf A, Alquraini A, Alomar FA. Development of surface modified bilosomes for the oral delivery of quercetin: optimization, characterization in-vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity study. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:3035-3050. [PMID: 36120935 PMCID: PMC9848422 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2122634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (QT) is a flavonoid that exhibits anti-oxidant and chemo-preventive activity. This research work aimed to develop surface-modified bilosomes (BS) of QT. The BS was prepared by the solvent evaporation method and optimized by the Box-Behnken design. The optimized QT-BS (QT-BS3opt) displayed vesicle size (143.51 nm), PDI (0.256), zeta potential (-15.4 mV), and entrapment efficiency (89.52%). Further, the optimized QT-BS formulation was coated with chitosan (CS). The XRD diffractogram of CS-QT-BS3opt1 did not exhibit extensive peaks of QT, revealing that QT is properly encapsulated in the polymer matrix. The QT-BS3opt and CS-QT-BS3opt1 exhibited sustained-release (86.62 ± 3.23% and 69.32 ± 2.57%, respectively) up to 24 h with the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model (R2 =0.9089). CS-QT-BS3opt1 exhibited significantly (P < .05) high flux, i.e. 4.20-fold more than pure QT dispersion and 1.27-fold higher than QT-BS3opt. CS-QT-BS3opt1 showed significantly greater bio-adhesion (76.43 ± 2.42%) than QT-BS3opt (20.82 ± 1.45%). The antioxidant activity showed that QT from CS-QT-BS3opt1 has more remarkable (P < .05) antioxidant activity at each concentration than pure QT. The CS-QT-BS3opt1 exhibited 1.61-fold higher cytotoxicity against MFC7 and 1.44-fold higher cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 than pure QT. The CS-QT-BS3opt1 displayed a significantly greater antimicrobial potential against E. coli than against S. aureus. From all these findings, it could be concluded that surface-modified QT-BS might be an effective approach for increasing the efficacy of QT in the treatment of certain ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil K Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia,CONTACT Ameeduzzafar Zafar Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Yasir
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Ehab M. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan F. Alnomasy
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Shaqraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alenazy Rawaf
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alquraini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadhel A. Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Alomar FA. Methylglyoxal in COVID-19-induced hyperglycemia and new-onset diabetes. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:8152-8171. [PMID: 36394765 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202211_30169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Elevation in blood glucose is common in COVID-19 patients. There is also a high incidence of new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) in COVID-19 patients following hospitalization. To date, the underlying cause(s) for the hyperglycemia and new-onset DM post-COVID-19 remain poorly understood. In this narrative review, we suggest that upregulation of the cytotoxic and diffusible glycolytic byproduct methylglyoxal (MGO) arising from increased glycolysis in infected pancreatic islets, macrophages, and peripheral cells/tissues is impairing insulin production, secretion, and signaling. This hypothesis is based on our recent discovery that MGO levels were elevated in the plasma of hospitalized COVID-19 patients without and with DM and even higher in COVID-19 patients that succumb to the disease. In pancreatic islets infected with SARS-CoV-2, elevated MGO will disrupt mitochondrial function, perturb Ca2+ homeostasis, and activate the receptors for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) resulting in impaired insulin production and secretion. In macrophages, excess MG production can diffuse into the vasculature disrupting endothelial function and triggering micro/macro hemorrhage, ischemia, and tissue fibrosis. In skeletal muscle and liver cells, MGO disruption of insulin signaling can blunt glucose absorption. Metformin and N-acetyl cysteine have recently been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Here we propose that these agents may be exerting their beneficial effects by chemically reacting with and lowering MGO levels. Knowledge gained from this review should provide novel mechanistic insights for hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patients and strategies to blunt the development of new-onset of DM in post-COVID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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Alharbi KS, Afzal M, Alzarea SI, Khan SA, Alomar FA, Kazmi I. Rosinidin Protects Streptozotocin-Induced Memory Impairment-Activated Neurotoxicity by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mediators in Rats. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58:medicina58080993. [PMID: 35893108 PMCID: PMC9332406 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58080993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To assess the antioxidant and neuroprotective role of rosinidin on rat memory impairment that is induced by streptozotocin. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were given an intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) followed by treatment with rosinidin at selective doses (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 30 days. The behavioral parameters were estimated by Y-maze test and Morris water test. Biochemical parameters such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), choline aacetyltransferase (ChAT), and nitric oxide, and antioxidants such as glutathione transferase (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) IL-6, IL-10, Nrf2, and BDNF, were determined. Results: The study results revealed that rosinidin improved cognition by reverting the behavioral parameters. The treatment with rosinidin restored the antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions: From the results, it has been proven that rosinidin possesses antioxidant, anti-amnesic, and anti-inflammatory activity. Rosinidin improved the cognitive and behavioral deficits that were induced by streptozotocin. Furthermore, 20 mg/kg rosinidin was found to have strong protective action against streptozotocin-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (S.I.A.)
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (S.I.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (I.K.); Tel.: +966-561272872 (M.A.)
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (S.I.A.)
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat 130, Oman;
| | - Fadhel A. Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (I.K.); Tel.: +966-561272872 (M.A.)
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Afzal M, Sayyed N, Alharbi KS, Alzarea SI, Alshammari MS, Alomar FA, Alenezi SK, Quazi AM, Alzarea AI, Kazmi I. Anti-Huntington’s Effect of Rosiridin via Oxidative Stress/AchE Inhibition and Modulation of Succinate Dehydrogenase, Nitrite, and BDNF Levels against 3-Nitropropionic Acid in Rodents. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081023. [PMID: 35892333 PMCID: PMC9329716 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rosiridin is a compound extracted from Rhodiola sachalinensis; water extracts of Rhodiola root elicit positive effects on the human central nervous system and improve brain function. They are also thought to be beneficial to one’s health, in addition to being antioxidants. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-Huntington’s effect of rosiridin against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-induced Huntington’s disease (HD)-like effects in rats. Materials and Methods: The acute toxicity in rats was elucidated to track the conceivable toxicities in the rats. The effectiveness of rosiridin at a dosage of 10 mg/kg was evaluated against several dose administrations of 3-NPA-induced HD-like symptoms in the rats for 22 days. At the end of the study, behavioral parameters were assessed as a hallmark for the cognitive and motor functions in the rats. Similarly, after the behavioral assessment, the animals were sacrificed to obtain a brain tissue homogenate. The prepared homogenate was utilized for the estimation of several biochemical parameters, including oxidative stress (glutathione, catalase, and malondialdehyde), brain-derived neurotrophic factor and succinate dehydrogenase activity, and the glutamate and acetylcholinesterase levels in the brain. Furthermore, inflammatory mediators linked to the occurrence of neuroinflammation in rats were evaluated in the perfused brain tissues. Results: The rosiridin-treated group exhibited a significant restoration of behavioral parameters, including in the beam-walk test, latency in falling during the hanging wire test, and percentage of memory retention during the elevated plus-maze test. Further, rosiridin modulated several biochemical parameters, including oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory activity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nitrite, and acetylcholinesterase as compared to disease control group that was treated with 3-NPA. Conclusions: The current study exhibits the anti-Huntington’s effects of rosiridin in experimental animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (S.I.A.); (A.M.Q.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (I.K.); Tel.: +966-543970731 (I.K.)
| | - Nadeem Sayyed
- School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247121, India;
| | - Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (S.I.A.); (A.M.Q.)
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (S.I.A.); (A.M.Q.)
| | - Mohammed Salem Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fadhel A. Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sattam Khulaif Alenezi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anwarulabedin Mohsin Quazi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (S.I.A.); (A.M.Q.)
| | - Abdulaziz I. Alzarea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (I.K.); Tel.: +966-543970731 (I.K.)
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Afzal M, Alharbi KS, Alenezi SK, Alshammari MS, Alomar FA, Kazmi I. Europinidin Enhances Healing through Modulating Antioxidant Processes in Experimentally Induced-Stomach Ulcer Condition. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1509.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Alshabeeb M, Alomar FA, Khan A. Impact of SLCO1B1*5 on Flucloxacillin and Co-Amoxiclav-Related Liver Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:882962. [PMID: 35754504 PMCID: PMC9214039 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.882962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a serious uncommon disease that may develop as a result of the intake of certain drugs such as the antimicrobials flucloxacillin and co-amoxiclav. The reported cases showed significant associations between DILI and various human leukocyte (HLA) markers. The solute carrier organic anion transporter 1B1 (SLCO1B1), a non-HLA candidate gene, was previously reported as a risk factor for liver injury induced by rifampin and methimazole. This study presumed that SLCO1B1 may play a general role in the DILI susceptibility and therefore investigated the association of rs4149056 (SLCO1B1*5, T521C) polymorphism with flucloxacillin- and co-amoxiclav-induced liver injury. Methodology: We recruited 155 and 165 DILI cases of white ancestral origin from various European countries but mainly from the United Kingdom owing to flucloxacillin and co-amoxiclav, respectively. Only adult patients (≥18 years) who were diagnosed with liver injury and who showed i) clinical jaundice or bilirubin >2x the upper limit of normal (ULN), ii) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >5x ULN or iii) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) >2x ULN and bilirubin > ULN were selected. The population reference sample (POPRES), a European control group (n = 282), was used in comparison with the investigated cases. TaqMan SNP genotyping custom assay designed by Applied Biosystems was used to genotype both DILI cohorts for SLCO1B1 polymorphism (rs4149056). Allelic discrimination analysis was performed using a step one real-time PCR machine. Genotype differences between cases and controls were examined using Fisher's exact test. GraphPad Prism version 5.0 was used to determine the p-value, odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval. Compliance of the control group with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was proven using a web-based calculator available at https://wpcalc.com/en/equilibrium-hardy-weinberg/. Results: A small number of cases failed genotyping in each cohort. Thus, only 149 flucloxacillin and 162 co-amoxiclav DILI cases were analyzed. Genotyping of both DILI cohorts did not show evidence of association with the variant rs4149056 (T521C) (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.46-1.12; p = 0.17 for flucloxacillin cases and OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.56-1.33; p = 0.58 for co-amoxiclav), although slightly lower frequency (22.8%) of positive flucloxacillin cases was noticed than that of POPRES controls (29.4%). Conclusion: Carriage of the examined allele SLCO1B1*5 is not considered a risk factor for flucloxacillin DILI or co-amoxiclav DILI as presumed. Testing a different allele (SLCO1B1*1B) and another family member gene (SLCO1B3) may still be needed to provide a clearer role of SLCO1B drug transporters in DILI development-related to the chosen antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alshabeeb
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadhel A Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences (Zoology), Faculty of Science, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, Pakistan
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Alomar FA, Alshakhs MN, Abohelaika S, Almarzouk HM, Almualim M, Al-Ali AK, Al-Muhanna F, Alomar MF, Alhaddad MJ, Almulaify MS, Alessa FS, Alsalman AS, Alaswad A, Bidasee SR, Alsaad HA, Alali RA, AlSheikh MH, Akhtar MS, Al Mohaini M, Alsalman AJ, Alturaifi H, Bidasee KR. Elevated plasma level of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal on admission is an independent biomarker of mortality in ICU COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9510. [PMID: 35680931 PMCID: PMC9178541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers to identify ICU COVID-19 patients at high risk for mortality are urgently needed for therapeutic care and management. Here we found plasma levels of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal (MG) were 4.4-fold higher in ICU patients upon admission that later died (n = 33), and 1.7-fold higher in ICU patients that survived (n = 32),compared to uninfected controls (n = 30). The increased MG in patients that died correlated inversely with the levels of the MG-degrading enzyme glyoxalase-1 (r2 = - 0.50), and its co-factor glutathione (r2 = - 0.63), and positively with monocytes (r2 = 0.29). The inflammation markers, SSAO (r2 = 0.52), TNF-α (r2 = 0.41), IL-1β (r2 = 0.25), CRP (r2 = 0.26) also correlated positively with MG. Logistic regression analysis provides evidence of a significant relationship between the elevated MG upon admission into ICU and death (P < 0.0001), with 42% of the death variability explained. From these data we conclude that elevated plasma MG on admission is a novel independent biomarker that predicts mortality in ICU COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadhel A Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marai N Alshakhs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Abohelaika
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan M Almarzouk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almualim
- Intenstive Care Unit, Qatif Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amein K Al-Ali
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Muhanna
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Alomar
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa J Alhaddad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Faisal S Alessa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Alsalman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alaswad
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sean R Bidasee
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hassan A Alsaad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rudaynah A Alali
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona H AlSheikh
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Akhtar
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Mohaini
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq J Alsalman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Keshore R Bidasee
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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10
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Alsalman AJ, Al Mohaini M, Malik MZ, Imran M, Alomar FA, Al Awwad N. Elevated Vulnerability of Chronic Leukemia Patients to COVID-19 Infection: A Systems Biology Approach. Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Med J 2022. [PMCID: PMC9099323 DOI: 10.1007/s44229-022-00005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Emerging evidence has shown that SARS-CoV-2 may affect the circulatory system in addition to the human respiratory system. However, no study has indicated whether patients with leukemia have a greater likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection or have poor treatment outcomes.
Objective
The study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between essential blood proteins and the major SARS-CoV-2 proteins by network pharmacology bioinformatics analysis.
Methods
Bioinformatics analysis was used to establish eight differentially expressed gene hubs in leukemia through differential gene screening, protein–protein interaction network analysis, and gene enrichment analysis. Molecular docking analysis was also conducted to dock the two up-regulated proteins with the spike glycoprotein in leukemia and the critical protease enzyme (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2.
Results
We identified two up-regulated genes (PTPRC and BCL6) among the eight differentially expressed genes. The PTPRC and BCL6 also docked perfectly with the main SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins.
Conclusion and Recommendation
This study indicates that SARS-CoV-2 is likely to affect with the blood in patients with chronic leukemia. Therefore, patients with chronic leukemia require greater medical attention and precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkhaliq J. Alsalman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, 91911 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Mohaini
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Zubbair Malik
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi , 110025 India
| | - Mohd. Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, 91911 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadhel A. Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasir Al Awwad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Albaha University, Al Bahah, Al Bahah Province Saudi Arabia
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11
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Alruwaili NK, Ahmad N, Alzarea AI, Alomar FA, Alquraini A, Akhtar S, Shahari MSB, Zafar A, Elmowafy M, Elkomy MH, Dolzhenko AV, Iqbal MS. Arabinoxylan-Carboxymethylcellulose Composite Films for Antibiotic Delivery to Infected Wounds. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091769. [PMID: 35566937 PMCID: PMC9103158 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern dressings should provide for local delivery of antibiotics and protect the wound from bacterial infection, dehydration and environmental factors to achieve optimal healing. The local delivery of antibiotics can reduce adverse effects and resistance challenges. In this study, we fabricated film dressings composed of arabinoxylan (AX) from Plantago ovata seed husks and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) by a solvent cast method for the delivery of the antibiotic amikacin (AMK). To determine the suitability of the prepared AX-CMC composite films as wound dressings and drug delivery materials, their physical, chemical, mechanical, morphological, thermal, pharmaceutical, antimicrobial, cytocompatible, and drug delivery properties were investigated. The results demonstrated that the dressings were suitable for delivering the drug at the wound site in a sustained manner and keeping the environment moist for rapid healing. The AMK-loaded AX-CMC films exhibited controlled release of AMK, excellent antibacterial activity, and cytocompatibility. Thus, the AX-CMC composite films appear to be promising bioactive dressing materials for the prevention of wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil K. Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (N.K.A.); (A.Z.); (M.E.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (N.K.A.); (A.Z.); (M.E.); (M.H.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdulaziz I. Alzarea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fadhel A. Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Alquraini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Syafiq Bin Shahari
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (M.S.B.S.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (N.K.A.); (A.Z.); (M.E.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Mohammed Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (N.K.A.); (A.Z.); (M.E.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Mohammed H. Elkomy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (N.K.A.); (A.Z.); (M.E.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Anton V. Dolzhenko
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (M.S.B.S.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Mohammad Saeed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
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12
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Dash PK, Alomar FA, Cox JL, McMillan J, Hackfort BT, Makarov E, Morsey B, Fox HS, Gendelman HE, Gorantla S, Bidasee KR. A Link Between Methylglyoxal and Heart Failure During HIV-1 Infection. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:792180. [PMID: 34970611 PMCID: PMC8712558 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.792180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset heart failure (HF) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection (PLWH), yet the molecular causes for this remain poorly understood. Herein NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ humanized mice (Hu-mice), plasma from PLWH, and autopsied cardiac tissues from deceased HIV seropositive individuals were used to assess if there is a link between the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal (MG) and HF in the setting of HIV-1 infection. At five weeks post HIV infection, Hu-mice developed grade III-IV diastolic dysfunction (DD) with an associated two-fold increase in plasma MG. At sixteen-seventeen weeks post infection, cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening also declined by 26 and 35%, and plasma MG increased to four-fold higher than uninfected controls. Histopathological and biochemical analyses of cardiac tissues from Hu-mice 17 weeks post-infection affirmed MG increase with a concomitant decrease in expression of the MG-degrading enzyme glyoxalase-1 (Glo1). The endothelial cell marker CD31 was found to be lower, and coronary microvascular leakage and myocardial fibrosis were prominent. Increasing expression of Glo1 in Hu-mice five weeks post-infection using a single dose of an engineered AAV2/9 (1.7 × 1012 virion particles/kg), attenuated the increases in plasma and cardiac MG levels. Increasing Glo1 also blunted microvascular leakage, fibrosis, and HF seen at sixteen weeks post-infection, without changes in plasma viral loads. In plasma from virally suppressed PLWH, MG was also 3.7-fold higher. In autopsied cardiac tissues from seropositive, HIV individuals with low viral log, MG was 4.2-fold higher and Glo1 was 50% lower compared to uninfected controls. These data show for the first time a causal link between accumulation of MG and HF in the setting of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta K Dash
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Fadhel A Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesse L Cox
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Bryan T Hackfort
- Departments of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Edward Makarov
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Brenda Morsey
- Departments of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Howard S Fox
- Departments of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Keshore R Bidasee
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Departments of Environment and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Nebraska Redox Biology Center, Lincoln, NE, United States
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13
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Alomar FA, Tian C, Dash PK, McMillan JM, Gendelman HE, Gorantla S, Bidasee KR. Efavirenz, atazanavir, and ritonavir disrupt sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ homeostasis in skeletal muscles. Antiviral Res 2021; 187:104975. [PMID: 33450312 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
While muscle fatigue, pain and weakness are common co-morbidities in HIV-1 infected people, their underlying cause remain poorly defined. To this end, we evaluated whether the common antiretroviral drugs efavirenz (EFV), atazanavir (ATV) and ritonavir (RTV) could be a contributing factor by pertubating sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ cycling. In live-cell imaging, EFV (6.0 μM), ATV (6.0 μM), and RTV (3.0 μM) elicited Ca2+ transients and blebbing of the plasma membranes of C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes. Pretreating C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes with the SR Ca2+ release channel blocker ryanodine (50 μM), slowed the rate and amplitude of Ca2+ release from and reuptake of Ca2+ into the SR. EFV, ATV and RTV (1 nM - 20 μM) potentiated and then displaced [3H] ryanodine binding to rabbit skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channel (RyR1). These drugs at concentrations 0.25-31.2 μM also increased and or decreased the open probability of RyR1 by altering its gating and conductance. ATV (≤5 μM) potentiated and >5μM inhibited the ability of sarco (endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA1) to hydrolyze ATP and transport Ca2+. RTV (2.5-31.5 μM) dose-dependently inhibited SERCA1-mediated, ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport. EFV (0.25-31.5 μM) had no measurable effect on SERCA1's ability to hydrolyze ATP and transport Ca2+. These data support the notion that EFV, ATV and RTV could be contributing to skeletal muscle co-morbidities in PLWH by modulating SR Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadhel A Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chengju Tian
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, USA
| | - Prasanta K Dash
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, USA
| | - JoEllyn M McMillan
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, USA; Environment and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | | | - Santhi Gorantla
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, USA
| | - Keshore R Bidasee
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, USA; Environment and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Nebraska Redox Biology Center, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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14
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Alomar FA, Al-Rubaish A, Al-Muhanna F, Al-Ali AK, McMillan J, Singh J, Bidasee KR. Adeno-Associated Viral Transfer of Glyoxalase-1 Blunts Carbonyl and Oxidative Stresses in Hearts of Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070592. [PMID: 32640624 PMCID: PMC7402150 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG) arising from downregulation of its primary degrading enzyme glyoxalase-1 (Glo1) is an underlying cause of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). This study investigated if expressing Glo1 in rat hearts shortly after the onset of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) would blunt the development of DC employing the streptozotocin-induced T1DM rat model, an adeno-associated virus containing Glo1 driven by the endothelin-1 promoter (AAV2/9-Endo-Glo1), echocardiography, video edge, confocal imaging, and biochemical/histopathological assays. After eight weeks of T1DM, rats developed DC characterized by a decreased E:A ratio, fractional shortening, and ejection fraction, and increased isovolumetric relaxation time, E: e’ ratio, and circumferential and longitudinal strains. Evoked Ca2+ transients and contractile kinetics were also impaired in ventricular myocytes. Hearts from eight weeks T1DM rats had lower Glo1 and GSH levels, elevated carbonyl/oxidative stress, microvascular leakage, inflammation, and fibrosis. A single injection of AAV2/9 Endo-Glo1 (1.7 × 1012 viron particles/kg) one week after onset of T1DM, potentiated GSH, and blunted MG accumulation, carbonyl/oxidative stress, microvascular leakage, inflammation, fibrosis, and impairments in cardiac and myocyte functions that develop after eight weeks of T1DM. These new data indicate that preventing Glo1 downregulation by administering AAV2/9-Endo-Glo1 to rats one week after the onset of T1DM, blunted the DC that develops after eight weeks of diabetes by attenuating carbonyl/oxidative stresses, microvascular leakage, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadhel A. Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (F.A.A.); (K.R.B.); Tel.: +96-653-920-0855 (F.A.A.); +1-402-559-9018 (K.R.B.)
| | - Abdullah Al-Rubaish
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-R.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Fahad Al-Muhanna
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-R.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Amein K. Al-Ali
- Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA;
- Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
| | - Jaipaul Singh
- College of Science and Technology, University of Central Lancashire, Preton PR1 2HE, England, UK;
| | - Keshore R. Bidasee
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA;
- Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, Lincoln, NE 68588-0662, USA
- Correspondence: (F.A.A.); (K.R.B.); Tel.: +96-653-920-0855 (F.A.A.); +1-402-559-9018 (K.R.B.)
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