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MacLachlan R, Kanji F, Sakib S, Khan S, Pattyn C, M Imani S, Didar TF, Soleymani L. Superomniphobic and Photoactive Surface Presents Antimicrobial Properties by Repelling and Killing Pathogens. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:55287-55296. [PMID: 37976404 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare-acquired infections place a significant burden on the cost and quality of patient care in hospitals. Reducing contamination on surfaces within healthcare environments is critical for halting the spread of these infections. Herein, we report a bifunctional─repel and kill─surface developed using photoactive TiO2 nanoparticles integrated into a hierarchical scaffold (OmniKill). To quantify the repellency of OmniKill, we developed a touch-based assay, capable of simulating the transfer of individual pathogens, multiple pathogens, or pathogen-latent fecal matter from hands to surfaces. OmniKill repels bacterial pathogens by at least 2.77-log (99.8%). The photoactive material within OmniKill further reduces the viability of transferred pathogens on the surface by an additional 2.43-log (99.6%) after 1 h of light exposure. The antipathogenic effects─repel and kill─remain robust under complex biological contaminates such as feces. These findings show the potential use of OmniKill in reducing the physical transmission of bacterial pathogens in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick MacLachlan
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farhaan Kanji
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sadman Sakib
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shadman Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cedric Pattyn
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara M Imani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tohid F Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
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Bakhshandeh F, Saha S, Sen P, Sakib S, MacLachlan R, Kanji F, Osman E, Soleymani L. A universal bacterial sensor created by integrating a light modulating aptamer complex with photoelectrochemical signal readout. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 235:115359. [PMID: 37187062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) signal transduction is of great interest for ultrasensitive biosensing; however, signal-on PEC assays that do not require target labeling remain elusive. In this work, we developed a signal-on biosensor that uses nucleic acids to modulate PEC currents upon target capture. Target presence removes a biorecognition probe from a DNA duplex carrying a gold nanoparticle, bringing the gold nanoparticle in direct contact to the photoelectrode and increasing the PEC current. This assay was used to develop a universal bacterial detector by targeting peptidoglycan using an aptamer, demonstrating a limit-of-detection of 82 pg/mL (13 pM) in buffer and 239 pg/mL (37 pM) in urine for peptidoglycan and 1913 CFU/mL forEscherichia coliin urine. When challenged with a panel of unknown targets, the sensor identified samples with bacterial contamination versus fungi. The versatility of the assay was further demonstrated by analyzing DNA targets, which yielded a limit-of-detection of 372 fM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bakhshandeh
- Department of Engineering Physics, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sudip Saha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Payel Sen
- Department of Engineering Physics, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sadman Sakib
- Department of Engineering Physics, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roderick MacLachlan
- Department of Engineering Physics, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farhaan Kanji
- Department of Engineering Physics, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Enas Osman
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Department of Engineering Physics, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Arnaout A, Kuchuk I, Bouganim N, Pond G, Verma S, Segal R, Dent S, Gertler S, Song X, Kanji F, Clemons M. Can the referring surgeon enhance accrual of breast cancer patients to medical and radiation oncology trials? The ENHANCE study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:e276-9. [PMID: 27330365 DOI: 10.3747/co.23.2394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The accrual rate to clinical trials in oncology remains low. In this exploratory pilot study, we prospectively assessed the role that engaging a referring surgeon plays in enhancing nonsurgical oncologic clinical trial accrual. METHODS Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients were seen by a surgeon who actively introduced specific patient-and physician-centred strategies to increase clinical trial accrual. Patient-centred strategies included providing patients, before their oncology appointment, with information about specific clinical trials for which they might be eligible, as evaluated by the surgeon. The attitudes of the patients about clinical trials and the interventions used to improve accrual were assessed at the end of the study. The primary outcome was the clinical trial accrual rate during the study period. RESULTS Overall clinical trial enrolment during the study period among the 34 participating patients was 15% (5 of 34), which is greater than the institution's historical average of 7%. All patients found the information delivered by the surgeon before the oncology appointment to be very helpful. Almost three quarters of the patients (73%) were informed about clinical trials by their oncologist. The top reasons for nonparticipation reported by the patients who did not participate in clinical trials included lack of interest (35%), failure of the oncologist to mention clinical trials (33%), and inconvenience (19%). CONCLUSIONS Accrual of patients to clinical trials is a complex multistep process with multiple potential barriers. The findings of this exploratory pilot study demonstrate a potential role for the referring surgeon in enhancing nonsurgical clinical trial accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arnaout
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Ottawa General Hospital, and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - I Kuchuk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ottawa General Hospital, and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - N Bouganim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, and Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC
| | - G Pond
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - S Verma
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ottawa General Hospital, and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - R Segal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ottawa General Hospital, and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - S Dent
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ottawa General Hospital, and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - S Gertler
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ottawa General Hospital, and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - X Song
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ottawa General Hospital, and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - F Kanji
- Clinical Trials Department, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON
| | - M Clemons
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ottawa General Hospital, and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
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Abstract
PURPOSE Most male breast cancer tumours are hormone receptor-positive; the patients therefore receive endocrine therapy. There is, however, a paucity of published data on toxicities experienced by male breast cancer patients who are prescribed endocrine therapy. In the present study, we examined rates of adherence to and toxicity from endocrine treatments in male breast cancer patients treated at a single institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of male patients diagnosed with breast cancer at The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre during 1981-2003. Data collected included patient age, hormone receptor status, therapy adherence, self-reported toxicities, and type and duration of endocrine therapies. RESULTS The review located 59 cases of early-stage and metastatic male breast cancer. Median patient age was 68.0 years. Tamoxifen was given to 38 patients (64.4%), anastrozole to 8 (13.6%), and letrozole to 5 (8.5%). Of patients who received endocrine therapy, 10 (25%) received adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. Toxicity was reported by 19 patients taking tamoxifen (50%), with hot flashes being the most common complaint (18.4%). Decreased libido, weight gain, and malaise were reported by 5 patients (13.2%). Rash and erectile dysfunction were reported by 3 patients (7.9%). Increased liver enzymes, pulmonary embolism, superficial thrombophlebitis, myalgia, depression, visual blurring, and loose stools were each reported in 1 patient (2.6%). Tamoxifen therapy was discontinued secondary to toxicity in 9 patients (23.7%). Of the patients treated with anastrozole, 3 (37.5%) reported toxicity, with 1 report each of decreased libido, leg swelling, and depression (12.5%). Toxicity was reported in 2 patients taking letrozole (40%), with both reporting peripheral edema, and 1 reporting hot flashes. No patient discontinued anastrozole or letrozole because of toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Few studies specifically report data on adherence to and toxicities from endocrine therapies in male breast cancer patients. The rate of discontinuation at our institution because of toxicity (23.7%) is similar to that reported in the female breast cancer population. Future prospective studies should explore strategies to improve adherence to endocrine therapy in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Visram
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
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Hilton JF, Weberpals JI, Lorimer I, Nabavi M, Kanji F, Hopkins S, Robertson S, Daneshmand M, Verma S. Can tumor biomarkers predict response to neoadjuvant anthracycline/taxane chemotherapy in LABC? J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Barlow E, Verma S, Kanji F, Hopkins S, Paquet L. 523 Breast cancer wait times: the journey from detection to adjuvant treatment. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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