Quality assessment and comparison of two- and three-dimensional YouTube videos as additional educational tools for cataract surgery: "METAVERSE"

BACKGROUND

To compare the content and quality of 3D YouTube videos with 2Ds as additional educational tools for phacoemulsification surgery.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study included 2D and side-by-side 3D phacoemulsification videos found on YouTube by searching for "phacoemulsification," "phaco," and "cataract." Data was collected on video length (min), time since upload (days), number of views, likes, dislikes, cataract type, chop technique, and visualization system. Video popularity and interaction were calculated by video power index, interaction index, and viewing rate. Two senior ophthalmologists (SOs) and two ophthalmology residents (ORs) evaluated videos using the DISCERN, global quality score (GQS), and usefulness scoring systems. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).

RESULTS

A total of 457 videos were screened, with 85 in 2D and 85 in 3D deemed appropriate for analysis. 2D videos received significantly more views, likes, dislikes, days since upload, video power index, and viewing rate than 3Ds (p < 0.001). Video length and interaction index in 3D videos were significantly greater than in 2Ds (p < 0.001). All video scoring systems revealed that 3D videos outperformed 2Ds in ORs (p < 0.05). ICC confirmed good inter-rater reliability agreement even at the lowest value (SOs: 0.924, 95% CI, 0.910-0.937; ORs: 0.892, 95% CI, 0.878-0.908).

CONCLUSIONS

3D YouTube videos as additional educational tools could help not only SOs but also ORs fully comprehend the breadth and depth of ocular surgeries, particularly phacoemulsification, by improving depth perception. They can also be used to review previously learned procedures, observe new ones, and recall old ones.

Acute Effects of Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser Capsulotomy on Anterior Segment Parameters in Capsular Bag Distension Syndrome

Background: Capsular bag distension syndrome (CBDS) can be effectively treated using either Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy or surgery. Assessing anterior segment, particularly immediately after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, could provide clinically relevant information on ocular dynamics, refractive changes, and complication mechanisms, especially in late postoperative CBDS. Objective: To explore the acute effects of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy on anterior segment parameters in late postoperative CBDS. Methods and results: In this study, 20 patients underwent Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy after cycloplegia, during which milky-white fluid material migrated into the anterior vitreous. Anterior segment parameters were assessed before and immediately after laser using Scheimpflug-Placido topographer. The main outcome measures were differences in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), aqueous depth (AqD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), iridocorneal angle (ICA), corneal volume (CV), and central corneal thickness (CCT) at the baseline versus at immediately after laser. The mean age and duration since surgery for CBDS presentation were 70.25 ± 6.21 and 6.15 ± 1.31 years, respectively. The AqD, ACV, ICA, and spherical equivalent increased significantly compared with baseline (4.18 vs. 4.02 mm, p = 0.001; 177 vs. 173.55 mm3, p = 0.004; 51.15° vs. 50.15°, p = 0.023; -1.00 vs. -2.00 D, p = 0.003, respectively). These changes were also associated with significantly improved BCVA an hour after capsulotomy [0.2 (0.05-0.2)] relative to baseline [0.3 (0.2-0.5)], (p = 0.001). CCT and CV decreased nonsignificantly; horizontal AC diameter and K1 and K2 increased nonsignificantly (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy appears to be an effective CBDS treatment for acutely improving vision, potentially due to immediate refractive changes caused by altered anterior segment parameters.

Audiometric Evaluation of the Relationship between Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Chronic Glaucoma

Objectives

To assess hearing function in chronic glaucoma patients in comparison to healthy individuals.

Materials and Methods

This cross-sectional study included 24 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients (24 ears) and 22 pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG) patients (22 ears) who were followed for at least 5 years in the Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Ophthalmology Department, as well as 21 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals (21 ears, control group). Following a thorough ophthalmological examination that included visual acuity and intraocular pressure measurements, as well as anterior and posterior slit-lamp biomicroscopy, audiometry was performed in all participants to determine hearing function.

Results

Mean ages in the POAG, PEG, and control groups were 64.50±7, 66.90±4.51, and 64.38±4.36 years, respectively. The mean deviation in standard automated perimetry was -14.47±2.89 in the POAG group and -15.02±2.87 in the PEG group (p=0.306). When compared with the control group, the POAG group had significantly higher hearing thresholds at 500 (p=0.011) and 1,000 Hz (p=0.003), while the PEG group had significantly higher hearing thresholds at 250 (p=0.009), 500 (p=0.009), 1,000 (p=0.001), 2,000 (p=0.005), 4,000 (p=0.001), 8000 (p=0.010), and 10,000 Hz (p=0.009).

Conclusion

Both glaucoma and hearing loss are common chronic diseases that have an impact on the well-being of older people. Potential hearing problems in chronic glaucoma patients make routine ocular and otolaryngology examinations in older patients critical for prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Impacts of Camellia sinensis fermentation end-product (black tea) on retinal microvasculature: an updated OCTA analysis

BACKGROUND

Tea, second only to water, is one of the most regularly consumed drinks in the world. Its potentially beneficial effects on general health may be enormously important. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) now allows clinicians to examine the acute retinal morphological changes caused by black tea consumption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute impacts of a Camellia sinensis fermentation end-product (black tea) on retinal microvasculature in healthy individuals using OCTA.

RESULTS

In this study, 60 healthy people were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 30) received black tea (2 mg/250 mL of water) and group 2 (n = 30) received only 250 mL of water. Following consumption, AngioVue Analytics software automatically analyzed the foveal, parafoveal, perifoveal macular superficial and deep vascular plexus densities, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ perimeter and foveal vessel density in a 300 μm wide region around the FAZ (FD-300). Male-to-female ratios were 19:11 and 15:15 in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.217). Mean age was 33.27 ± 7.92 years in group 1 and 31.00 ± 7.30 years in group 2 (P = 0.254). Changes in foveal, perifoveal and parafoveal macular vessel density between groups 1 and 2 were not statistically significant. In addition, no significant differences regarding FAZ, FAZ perimeter and FD-300 were observed.

CONCLUSION

There were no acute effects of black tea on macular microcirculation in healthy individuals. The authors, however, believe that this study could serve as a model for future research on the relationship between regular tea consumption and general ocular physiology. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.