[The event of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in children]

Recently, the cases of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (AHUE) in children worldwide have been increasing continuously and rapidly, involving more than 396 cases in 26 countries, and global public health actions, including surveillance, health alerts, research, are being implemented. AHUE mainly affects immunocompetent children with typical acute hepatitis, which can be severe and require liver transplantation. There are few systematic studies at present; the risk factors are unknown, the etiology remains to be established, and the clinical features and pathogenesis remain elucidated. It is urgent to strengthen the monitoring and research of AHUE cases.

[Research progress of micronucleus visualization analysis and artificial intelligence detection strategy]

The micronucleomics test can comprehensively display a variety of harmful endpoints, such as DNA damage and repair, chromosome breakage or loss and cell growth inhibition, with fast, simple and economical feature. Micronucleomics is not only widely used in the comprehensive assessment of the types and modes of genetic action of exogenous chemicals (such as drugs, food additives, cosmetics, environmental pollutants, etc.), but also plays an important role in the screening and risk assessment of cancer population at high risk. However, the traditional micronucleomics image counting method has the characteristics of time-consuming, low accuracy, and high cost, which cannot meet the current analysis requirements of large-scale, multi-index, rapidity, high precision and visualization. In recent years, with the rapid development of the era of precision medicine based on big data, visualized analysis of new micronucleomics based on machine learning and detection strategies based on deep learning have shown a good application prospect. This review, based on the application value of micronucleomics, systematically compares the traditional and new artificial intelligence counting of micronucleus images, and discusses the future direction of micronucleus image detection.

[Biomonitoring application in the exposome assessment]

Biomonitoring can be applied to assess internal exposure and environmental exposure by exposure markers with providing internal exposure to biological characterization and individual exposure information, which is a key tool to evaluate the risk exposure to disease by biological alternation information. With the development of high throughput, broad spectrum and high efficiency screening and detection technology, biomonitoring is defined as traditional biological monitoring (targeted monitoring) and non targeted monitoring analysis (exposomic approaches). An exposomic approach differs from traditional biomonitoring in that it can theoretically include all exposures of potential health significance, whether they are derived from exogenous sources. Both traditional and nontraditional biomonitoring methods should be used to understand the complexity of exposures faced throughout the lifespan. Through hybrid approaches, emerging techniques and the integration of bioinformatics, and developing the detection methods for low abundance chemicals, improving the differentiation ability between endogenous and exogenous chemical, the health outcomes and exposures can be widely recognized and characterized, which can finally contribute to improving the precise prevention and intervention for diseases under the new exposomic model.

[Hot research topics on cardiovascular diseases in occupational population: a bibliometric analysis]

Objective: To investigate the literature characteristics and research topics on cardiovascular diseases in the occupational population quantitatively via a bibliometric analysis, and to provide a reference for the selection of research directions. Methods: A search strategy was developed according to the words in Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) , and PubMed database was searched for articles on cardiovascular diseases in the occupational population published from 2006 to 2015. The information of published year, authors, journals, and MeSH words was extracted, frequently used MeSH words were screened out, and a cluster analysis was performed for frequently used MeSH words. Results: A total of 1 272 articles were found, and about 150 articles were published annually from 2011 to 2015. Most articles were published in Occupational and Environmental Medicine, and the author Tohr Nilsson had the highest number of published articles. The influencing factors mainly included occupational mental stress, smoking, and working system, and the health outcomes attracting the most attention were hypertension, hand-arm vibration, ischemic heart disease, and myocardial infarction. The articles were clustered into 5 types, and 5 hot topics were summarized. Conclusion: The bibliometric analysis of cardiovascular diseases in occupational population shows that hypertension and hand-arm vibration are hot research topics, which can provide a reference to researchers.

Chemical characterization of rainwater at Singapore

A short term study of the chemical composition of rainwater was carried out from November 1999 to October 2000 in Singapore. The rainwater was typically acidic with a mean pH of 4.2. Sulfate was the most abundant ion and comparable to the results reported for other industrialized regions. The concentrations of major ions (NH(4)(+), Ca(2+), K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), SO(4)(2+), NO(3)(2-), Cl(-), HCOO(-), CH(3)COO(-)) varied monthly. Results show that local meteorological conditions influence the chemical compositions to a significant extent. The pollutants in rainwater were derived from long range and local (industry and traffic) sources.