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Bukreeva I, Mittone A, Bravin A, Festa G, Alessandrelli M, Coan P, Formoso V, Agostino RG, Giocondo M, Ciuchi F, Fratini M, Massimi L, Lamarra A, Andreani C, Bartolino R, Gigli G, Ranocchia G, Cedola A. Virtual unrolling and deciphering of Herculaneum papyri by X-ray phase-contrast tomography. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27227. [PMID: 27265417 PMCID: PMC4893689 DOI: 10.1038/srep27227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A collection of more than 1800 carbonized papyri, discovered in the Roman ‘Villa dei Papiri’ at Herculaneum is the unique classical library survived from antiquity. These papyri were charred during 79 A.D. Vesuvius eruption, a circumstance which providentially preserved them until now. This magnificent collection contains an impressive amount of treatises by Greek philosophers and, especially, Philodemus of Gadara, an Epicurean thinker of 1st century BC. We read many portions of text hidden inside carbonized Herculaneum papyri using enhanced X-ray phase-contrast tomography non-destructive technique and a new set of numerical algorithms for ‘virtual-unrolling’. Our success lies in revealing the largest portion of Greek text ever detected so far inside unopened scrolls, with unprecedented spatial resolution and contrast, all without damaging these precious historical manuscripts. Parts of text have been decoded and the ‘voice’ of the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus is brought back again after 2000 years from Herculaneum papyri.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bukreeva
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Rome Unit, I-00195 Rome, Italy.,P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr., 53 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Mittone
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - A Bravin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - G Festa
- Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-00133 Rome, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Cristallografia (Bari), I-70126 Bari, Italy.,Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, I-00184 Rome, Italy
| | - M Alessandrelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per il Lessico Intellettuale Europeo e Storia delle Idee, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - P Coan
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Faculty of Medicine and Department of Physics, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - V Formoso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Cosenza Unit, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende (Cosenza), Italy.,Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - R G Agostino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Cosenza Unit, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende (Cosenza), Italy.,Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - M Giocondo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Cosenza Unit, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - F Ciuchi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Cosenza Unit, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - M Fratini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Rome Unit, I-00195 Rome, Italy
| | - L Massimi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Rome Unit, I-00195 Rome, Italy
| | - A Lamarra
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per il Lessico Intellettuale Europeo e Storia delle Idee, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - C Andreani
- Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-00133 Rome, Italy.,Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, I-00184 Rome, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici (Messina), I-98158, Italy
| | - R Bartolino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Cosenza Unit, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende (Cosenza), Italy.,Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende (Cosenza), Italy.,Interdisciplinary Center B. Segre Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, I-001564 Rome, Italy
| | - G Gigli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Ranocchia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per il Lessico Intellettuale Europeo e Storia delle Idee, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - A Cedola
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Rome Unit, I-00195 Rome, Italy
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Jovanovic I, Giga V, Tesic M, Paunovic I, Kostic J, Dobric M, Dikic M, Stepanovic J, Belesiln B, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Lindqvist P, Henein M, Soderberg S, Gonzalez M, Tossavainen E, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Tesic M, Stepanovic J, Giga V, Kostic J, Trifunovic D, Jovanovic I, Paunovic I, Stanic S, Beleslin B, Koutsogiannis N, Moulias A, Xanthopoulou I, Mavronasiou E, Kakkavas A, Davlouros P, Alexopoulos D, Barbier P, Cefalu' C, Gripari P, Pontone G, Andreini D, Pepi M, Duncan AM, Snow T, Barker S, Davies S, Di Mario C, Moat N, Serra W, Chetta A, Marangio E, Reverberi C, Cattabiani MA, Ardissino D, Sahlen A, Hakansson F, Shahgaldi K, Manouras A, Norman M, Winter R, Johnson J, Fawzi S, Rafla SM, El Atroush H, Farouk K, Wilson C, Hilde J, Skjoerten I, Melsom M, Humerfelt S, Hansteen V, Hisdal J, Steine K, Rees P, Hutchings S, Magnino C, Omede' P, Avenatti E, Chiarlo M, Presutti D, Bucca C, Moretti C, Gaita F, Veglio F, Milan A, Kostic J, Tesic M, Stepanovic J, Giga V, Paunovic I, Marinkovic A, Jovanovic I, Beleslin B, Ostojic M, Djordjevic Dikic A, Najjar E, Winter R, Gunyeli E, Shahgaldi K, Manouras A, Rodriguez Munoz DA, Moya Mur J, Baguda JDJ, Lazaro Rivera C, Navas Tejedor P, Jimenez Nacher J, Castillo Orive M, Fernandez-Golfin C, Zamorano Gomez J, Satendra M, Sargento L, Sousa C, Lousada N, Palma Reis R, Said K, Shehata A, Ashour Z, El-Tobgi S, Li Kam Wa M, Pabari P, Perry S, Kyriacou A, Manisty C, Francis D, Kusmierczyk-Droszcz B, Kowalik E, Niewiadomska J, Lech A, Hoffman P, Patrianakos A, Kalogerakis A, Zacharaki A, Nyktari E, Psathakis E, Parthenakis F, Vardas P, Stefani L, Milicia M, Bartolini A, Gori N, Tempesti G, Toncelli L, Vono M, Di Tante V, Pedri S, Galanti G, Zhong L, Huang F, Le T, Chen Q, Gao F, Tan R, Anwar A, Nosir Y, Alasnig M, Llemit M, Alhagoly A, Chamsi-Pasha H, Trifunovic D, Ostojic M, Stankovic S, Vujisic-Tesic B, Petrovic M, Nedeljkovic I, Beleslin B, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Banovic M, Tesic M, Orii M, Hirata K, Tanimoto T, Ishibashi K, Yamano T, Ino Y, Yamaguchi T, Kubo T, Imanishi T, Akasaka T, Giesecke A, Ripsweden J, Shahgaldi K, Guyeli E, Winter R, Hristova K, Vasilev D, Pavlov P, Katova T, Simova I, Kostova V, Wada T, Hirata KH, Kubo T, Shiono Y, Ishibashi K, Tanimoto T, Ino Y, Yamaguchi T, Imanishi TI, Akasaka T, Martirosyan M, Adamyan K, Chilingaryan A, Negrea S, Alexandrescu C, Civaia F, Bourlon F, Dreyfus G, Malev E, Kim G, Omelchenko M, Mitrofanova L, Zemtsovsky E, Santoro A, Costantino F, Dores E, Tarsia G, Di Natale M, Innelli P, Schiano Lomoriello V, De Stefano F, Galderisi M, Lee SP, Ahn H, Hwang H, Kim H, Kim Y, Kim K, Kim K, Sohn D, Ahn H, Calin A, Popescu B, Rosca M, Beladan C, Enache R, Gurzun M, Calinescu C, Calin C, Ginghina C, Rafla S, Hamdy S, Lotfi M, Elneklawy M, Mordi I, Spratt J, Sonecki P, Stanton T, Mcculloch A, Goodfield N, Tzemos N, Ghulam Ali S, Fusini L, Tamborini G, Celeste F, Gripari P, Muratori M, Maffessanti F, Mirea O, Alamanni F, Pepi M, Demirkan B, Guray Y, Guray U, Ege M, Kisacik H, Sasmaz H, Korkmaz S, Petrovic-Nagorni S, Zdravkovic-Ciric S, Nagorni A, Stanojevic D, Jankovic-Tomasevic R, Atanaskovic V, Mitic V, Szymanski C, Magne J, Rusinaru D, Fournier A, Mezghani S, Peltier M, Touati G, Tribouilloy C, Huttin O, Khachab H, Voilliot D, Schwartz J, Zinzius P, Lemoine S, Carillo S, Popovic B, Juilliere Y, Selton-Suty C, Kimura K, Takenaka K, Ebihara A, Uno K, Morita H, Nakajima T, Motoyoshi Y, Komori T, Yatomi Y, Nagai R, Mihaila S, Mincu R, Rimbas R, Badiu C, Vinereanu D, Igual Munoz B, Maceira Gonzalez A, Domingo Valero D, Estornell Erill J, Giner Blasco J, Arnau Vives M, Molina Aguilar P, Navarro Manchon J, Zorio Grima E, Miglioranza M, Sant'anna R, Rover M, Mantovani A, Lessa J, Haertel J, Salgado Filho P, Kalil R, Leiria T, Risum N, Sogaard P, Fritz Hansen T, Bruun N, Kisslo J, Velazquez E, Jons C, Olsen N, Azevedo O, Lourenco M, Machado I, Pereira V, Medeiros R, Pereira A, Quelhas I, Lourenco A, Rangel I, Goncalves A, Sousa C, Correia A, Pinho T, Madureira A, Martins E, Silva-Cardoso J, Macedo F, Maciel M, Kinova E, Zlatareva N, Goudev A, Rogge B, Cramariuc D, Lonnebakken M, Rieck A, Gohlke-Baerwolf C, Chambers J, Boman K, Gerdts E, Florescu M, Mihalcea D, Enescu O, Suran B, Mincu R, Patrascu N, Magda L, Cinteza M, Vinereanu D, Bruno R, Cogo A, Bartesaghi M, Thapa K, Duo E, Basnyat B, Ghiadoni L, Picano E, Sicari R, Pratali L, Jensen-Urstad K, Nordin A, Bjornadal L, Svenungsson E, King GJ, Murphy R, Almuntaser I, Mc Loughlin B, Livingston A, Nevin S, Clarke J, De Sousa CC, Rangel I, Martins E, Correia A, Nadais G, Silveira F, Silva Cardoso J, Goncalves A, Macedo F, Maciel M, Lindqvist P, Henein M, Hornsten R, Rasmunsson J, Hedstrom M, Alm C, Filali T, Jedaida B, Lahidheb D, Gommidh M, Mahfoudhi H, Hajlaoui N, Dahmani R, Fehri W, Haouala H, Shin SH, Woo S, Kim D, Park K, Kwan J, Brambila CA, Gabrielli L, Bijnens B, Marin J, Sitges I, Grazioli G, Pare C, Mont L, Brugada J, Sitges M, Pica S, Ghio S, Raineri C, Camporotondo R, Rordorf R, Previtali M, Landolina M, Valentini A, Turco A, Visconti L, Stuart B, Santos A, Cruz I, Caldeira D, Cotrim C, Fazendas P, Joao I, Almeida A, Pereira H, Goncalves A, Pinho T, Sousa C, Rangel I, Correia A, Madureira A, Macedo F, Zamorano JL, Maciel M, Driessen M, Kort E, Leiner T, Cramer M, Sieswerda G, Chamuleau S, Kim D, Choi Y, Park H, Kim H, Shin J, Song J, Kang D, Song J, Parisi V, Galasso G, Festa G, Piccolo R, Rengo G, De Rosa R, Pagano G, Iacotucci P, Leosco D, Piscione F, Bellsham-Revell H, Nedjati-Gilani S, Yao C, Pushparajah K, Penney G, Simpson J, Lopez Melgar B, Sanchez Sanchez V, Rodriguez Garcia J, Coma Samartin R, Martin Asenjo R, Fernandez Casares S, Lopez-Guarch CJ, Diaz Anton B, Mayordomo Gomez S, Lombera Romero F, Yamada S, Okada K, Iwano H, Nishino H, Nakabachi M, Yokoyama S, Kaga S, Mikami T, Tsutsui H, Stoebe S, Tarr A, Pfeiffer D, Hagendorff A, Klitsie L, Roest A, Kuipers I, Van Der Hulst A, Hazekamp M, Blom N, Ten Harkel A, Hagendorff A, Stoebe S, Tarr A, Gelbrich G, Loeffler M, Pfeiffer D, Badran H, Elnoamany M, Soltan G, Ezat M, Elsedi M, Abdelfatah R, Yacoub M, Kydd A, Khan F, Mccormick L, Gopalan D, Virdee M, Dutka D, Ruiz Ortiz M, Mesa D, Delgado M, Romo E, Morenate M, Baeza F, Castillo F, Lopez Granados A, Del Prado JA, De Lezo JS, Kilickiran Avci B, Yurdakul S, Sahin S, Ermis E, Dilekci B, Aytekin S, Turhan S, Gerede D, Hural R, Ozcan O, Candemir B, Erol C, Saha SK, Kiotsekoglou A, Gopal A, Govind S, Lindqvist P, Soderberg S, Kawata T, Daimon M, Sekita G, Miyazaki S, Ichikawa R, Maruyama M, Suzuki H, Daida H, Persic V, Lovric D, Jurin H, Pehar Pejcinovic V, Baricevic Z, Pezo Nikolic B, Ivanac Vranesic I, Separovic Hanzevacki J, Ahn H, Cho G, Lee S, Kim H, Kim Y, Sohn D, Igual Munoz B, Estornell Erill J, Gonzalez AM, Bel Minguez A, Perez Guillen M, Donate Bertolin L, Monmeneu Menadas J, Lopez Lereu P, La Huerta AA, Argudo AM, Igual Munoz B, Gonzalez AM, Valero DD, La Huerta AA, Fernandez PA, Ferrer JM, Rueda Soriano J, Buendia Sanchez F, Estornell Erill J, Carrasco J, Carvalho MS, De Araujo Goncalves P, Sousa P, Dores H, Marques H, Pereira Machado F, Gaspar A, Aleixo A, Mota Carmo M, Roquette J, Vassiliadis IV, Despotopoulos E, Kaitozis O, Tekedis C, Al-Mallah M, Nour K, Tomaszewski A, Kutarski A, Brzozowski W, Tomaszewski M, Oleszczak K, Tong J, Bian Y, Yang F, Li P, Chen L, Shen X, Xu Y, Yan L, Kilickiran Avci B, Yurdakul S, Sahin S, Ermis E, Dilekci B, Aytekin S, Hristova K, Marinov R, Georgiev S, Kaneva A, Lasarov S, Mitev P, Katova T, Pilosoff V, Ikonomidis I, Tzortzis S, Triantafyllidi H, Paraskevaidis I, Trivilou P, Papadakis I, Papadopoulos C, Pavlidis G, Anastasiou-Nana M, Lekakis J. Poster session: Aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jes264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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