Assessment of automatic cephalometric landmark identification using artificial intelligence

OBJECTIVE

To compare the accuracy of cephalometric landmark identification between artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNN) You Only Look Once, Version 3 (YOLOv3) algorithm and the manually traced (MT) group.

SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION

The American Association of Orthodontists Federation (AAOF) Legacy Denver collection was used to obtain 110 cephalometric images for this study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Lateral cephalograms were digitized and traced by a calibrated senior orthodontic resident using Dolphin Imaging. The same images were uploaded to AI software Ceppro DDH Inc The Cartesian system of coordinates with Sella as the reference landmark was used to extract x- and y-coordinates for 16 cephalometric points: Nasion (Na), A point, B point, Menton (Me), Gonion (Go), Upper incisor tip, Lower incisor tip, Upper incisor apex, Lower incisor apex, Anterior Nasal Spine (ANS), Posterior Nasal Spine (PNS), Pogonion (Pg), Pterigomaxillary fissure point (Pt), Basion (Ba), Articulare (Art) and Orbitale (Or). The mean distances were assessed relative to the reference value of 2 mm. Student paired t-tests at significance level of P < .05 were used to compare the mean differences in each of the x- and y-components. SPSS (IBM-vs. 27.0) software was used for the data analysis.

RESULTS

There was no statistical difference for 12 out of 16 points when analysing absolute differences between MT and AI groups.

CONCLUSION

AI may increase efficiency without compromising accuracy with cephalometric tracings in routine clinical practice and in research settings.

FORMING IDEAL 30 METER RUNNING TECHNIQUE IN 12-YEAR-OLD SCHOOLCHILDREN

Aim. The article aims to achieve the accuracy of space-time characteristics of a running step in 11–12-year-old schoolchildren. Materials and methods. The article provides a comparative analysis of the results of training and improving the running step in the control and experimental groups. For an objective instrumental assessment of the second stage of training, a structural phase biomechanical analysis of movements based on data from high-speed digital video recording with a frequency of 240 frames per second was used. Changes in the technique of the running step in schoolchildren were analyzed in the take-off phase (when the supporting leg pushed away from the surface of the treadmill), in the float phase and in the amortization phase. Methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics were used. Results. In schoolchildren from the experi­mental group, a statistically significant positive increase in the coefficients of the relationship of the angular characteristics of the running step with the model indicators of the American sprinter Ryan Bailey was achieved, which objectively reflects a significant increase in 30 meter running speed. Conclusion. Taking into account the natural rules of nervous system mechanisms made it possible to objectively increase the efficiency of running technique in the experimental group.

IMPROVING BALL THROWING IN BASKETBALL BEGINNERS BASED ON THE SEQUENCE OF SOLVING MOTION TASKS BY THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Aim. The article deals with improving the efficiency of ball throwing technique enhancement in basketball beginners. Materials and methods. 2 groups (10 persons each group, control and experimental) of male basketball beginners born in 2007–2009 participated in the study. The training was conducted at the premises of “Yugoria” Olympic reserve school named after A. Piloyan (Surgut, Russia). For an objective instrumental assessment of the 3rd stage of training, we used “Stabilo-MBN” computer-assisted stabilometry. Results. Statistically significant positive changes in muscle synergy and kinesthetic sensitivity in the experimental group reflect the objectively significant improvement of throwing accuracy under standard test conditions. Conclusion. The fundamental rules of the performance of the mechanisms in the nervous system allowed us to objectively improve the efficiency of ball throwing technique enhancement in basketball beginners.