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C T, D S, S T A, J Joseph S, Ali D, Alarfi S, Rembulan GD, Jones S, Yadav KK, Ramanujam GM, Chang SW, Balasubramani R. Defluoridation of potable water employed by natural polysaccharide isolated from Tamarindus indica L. Chemosphere 2023:138931. [PMID: 37245596 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the effectiveness of Tamarindus indica L. seed polysaccharides in removing fluoride from potable water collected from Sivakasi,Viruthunagar district, Tamil Nadu, India. The physiochemical properties of the water samples were examined, and each parameter was compared to the standard prescribed by Bureau of Indian standards. Most of the parameters were within the permissible limit except for fluoride levels in the Sivakasi water sample. Polysaccharides were isolated from Tamarindus indica L. seeds and the fluoride removal efficacy of the polysaccharides was evaluated. The optimum treatment dosage of the isolated seed polysaccharides was determined using aqueous fluoride solutions of various ppm concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ppm). Tamarindus polysaccharides were added to the aqueous solutions in varying doses (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 1.0, and 1.2 g), and 0.04 g was observed to be the most effective at removing fluoride (by 60%). It was selected as the optimum dose for treating the fluoride-contaminated water sample. Following the treatment, fluoride concentration in the water sample dropped from 1.8 mg/L to 0.91 mg/L, falling below the BIS standard limit. The findings from the study demonstrated the use of T. indica L. seed polysaccharides as an effective natural coagulant for removing fluoride from potable water. GC-MS and FTIR analysis of the isolated polysaccharide samples were performed. The FTIR results revealed the functional groups that might attribute to the fluoride removal activity of the isolated polysaccharides. The observations from the study suggested that Tamarindus polysaccharides might be used as an alternative to chemical agent used for fluoride removal in order to preserve the environment and human welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamaraiselvi C
- Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Srija D
- Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Athira S T
- Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarfi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sumathi Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India
| | - Ganesh Munusamy Ramanujam
- Molecular Biology and Immunobiology Division, Interdisciplinary Ins Titute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM-IST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravindran Balasubramani
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea.
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