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Flenady V, Wojcieszek AM, Fjeldheim I, Friberg IK, Nankabirwa V, Jani JV, Myhre S, Middleton P, Crowther C, Ellwood D, Tudehope D, Pattinson R, Ho J, Matthews J, Bermudez Ortega A, Venkateswaran M, Chou D, Say L, Mehl G, Frøen JF. eRegistries: indicators for the WHO Essential Interventions for reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:293. [PMID: 27716088 PMCID: PMC5045645 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-1049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic health registries - eRegistries - can systematically collect relevant information at the point of care for reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH). However, a suite of process and outcome indicators is needed for RMNCH to monitor care and to ensure comparability between settings. Here we report on the assessment of current global indicators and the development of a suite of indicators for the WHO Essential Interventions for use at various levels of health care systems nationally and globally. METHODS Currently available indicators from both household and facility surveys were collated through publicly available global databases and respective survey instruments. We then developed a suite of potential indicators and associated data points for the 45 WHO Essential Interventions spanning preconception to newborn care. Four types of performance indicators were identified (where applicable): process (i.e. coverage) and outcome (i.e. impact) indicators for both screening and treatment/prevention. Indicators were evaluated by an international expert panel against the eRegistries indicator evaluation criteria and further refined based on feedback by the eRegistries technical team. RESULTS Of the 45 WHO Essential Interventions, only 16 were addressed in any of the household survey data available. A set of 216 potential indicators was developed. These indicators were generally evaluated favourably by the panel, but difficulties in data ascertainment, including for outcome measures of cause-specific morbidity and mortality, were frequently reported as barriers to the feasibility of indicators. Indicators were refined based on feedback, culminating in the final list of 193 total unique indicators: 93 for preconception and antenatal care; 53 for childbirth and postpartum care; and 47 for newborn and small and ill baby care. CONCLUSIONS Large gaps exist in the availability of information currently collected to support the implementation of the WHO Essential Interventions. The development of this suite of indicators can be used to support the implementation of eRegistries and other data platforms, to ensure that data are utilised to support evidence-based practice, facilitate measurement and accountability, and improve maternal and child health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Flenady
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Brisbane, Australia.
- International Stillbirth Alliance, Bristol, UK.
| | - Aleena M Wojcieszek
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Brisbane, Australia
- International Stillbirth Alliance, Bristol, UK
| | - Ingvild Fjeldheim
- Department of International Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid K Friberg
- Department of International Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Victoria Nankabirwa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Centre for International health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jagrati V Jani
- Department of International Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Centre for International health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sonja Myhre
- Department of International Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philippa Middleton
- International Stillbirth Alliance, Bristol, UK
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Caroline Crowther
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Ellwood
- International Stillbirth Alliance, Bristol, UK
- Griffith University & Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - David Tudehope
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert Pattinson
- Medical Research Council, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jacqueline Ho
- Penang Medical College and Penang Hospital, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jiji Matthews
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aurora Bermudez Ortega
- The Australian Nurse Family Partnership Program National Program Centre, Abt Australia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mahima Venkateswaran
- Department of International Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Centre for International health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Doris Chou
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lale Say
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Garret Mehl
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Frederik Frøen
- International Stillbirth Alliance, Bristol, UK
- Department of International Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Centre for International health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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