Basal cell carcinoma arising from xeroderma pigmentosum: a case report and an immunohistochemical study

We describe a 26-year-old Japanese patient with basal cell carcinoma arising from xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). Immunohistochemical staining revealed dense infiltration of CD163⁺ M2 macrophages, together with Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells. Interestingly, MMP9, which was reported as one of the functional markers for immunosuppressive macrophages, was also detected in the CD163⁺ M2 macrophage-infiltrated areas. Our case suggests the immunological background of tumor development in a patient with XP.

Successful treatment of plasmacytosis circumorificialis with topical tacrolimus: two case reports and an immunohistochemical study

Plasmacytosis circumorificialis (PLC), a benign chronic inflammatory disease with an unknown pathogenesis, is characterized by erythema, erosion nodules and ulcers around the openings of the human body. In this report, we describe two cases of PLC successfully treated with topical tacrolimus. Interestingly, immunohistochemical staining revealed that prominent CD163⁺ proinflammatory macrophages and IL-17-producing cells were infiltrating around plasma cells, which might suggest the reason for the therapeutic effect of topical tacrolimus on PLC.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Accompanied by Psoriasis Induces IL-27-Producing Cells in Both Affected Areas of the Skin

IL-27 is mainly produced by activated antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and has been reported in various Th1/Th17-mediated inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis, and even in Th2-complexed disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We describe a 51-year-old Japanese man with SLE accompanied by psoriasis. Interestingly, immunohistochemical staining revealed the existence of IL-27-producing cells in biopsy specimens from both SLE and psoriasis. Our findings might suggest relationships between IL-27 and the pathogenesis of these inflammatory diseases.

Successful treatment of granuloma faciale with topical tacrolimus: a case report and immunohistochemical study

We report the case of a 55-year-old Japanese patient with granuloma faciale (GF) successfully treated with topical tacrolimus and describe the immunohistochemical study. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the patient's granuloma contained CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD68⁺ and CD163⁺ cells. Interestingly, these cells contained granulysin⁺ T cells and lacked Foxp3^high+ regulatory T cells. In addition, the macrophages were mainly CD163⁺, which suggested that the alternatively activated macrophage is one of the main components of GF. In summary, the present data shed light on the granuloma-composing cells and possible mechanisms in the treatment of GF with topical tacrolimus.