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Fountzilas E, Kouspou M, Eliades A, Papadopoulou K, Bournakis E, Goussia A, Tsiatas M, Achilleos A, Tsangaras K, Billioud G, Loizides C, Lemesios C, Kypri E, Ioannides M, Koumbaris G, Levva S, Vakalopoulos I, Paliouras A, Pervana S, Koinis F, Bumci R, Christopoulou A, Meditskou S, Psyrri A, Boukovinas I, Visvikis A, Karavasilis V, Koukoulis GK, Kotsakis A, Giannakis D, Fountzilas G, Patsalis PC. Investigation of Clinically Significant Molecular Aberrations in Patients with Prostate Cancer: Implications for Personalized Treatment, Prognosis and Genetic Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11834. [PMID: 37511593 PMCID: PMC10380890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The data on tumor molecular profiling of European patients with prostate cancer is limited. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic and predictive values of gene alterations in unselected patients with prostate cancer. The presence of gene alterations was assessed in patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer using the ForeSENTIA® Prostate panel (Medicover Genetics), targeting 36 clinically relevant genes and microsatellite instability testing. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of gene alterations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes. Overall, 196 patients with prostate cancer were evaluated (median age 72.2 years, metastatic disease in 141 (71.9%) patients). Gene alterations were identified in 120 (61%) patients, while alteration in HRR genes were identified in 34 (17.3%) patients. The most commonly mutated HRR genes were ATM (17, 8.7%), BRCA2 (9, 4.6%) and BRCA1 (4, 2%). The presence of HRR gene alterations was not associated with advanced stage (p = 0.21), age at diagnosis (p = 0.28), Gleason score (p = 0.17) or overall survival (HR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.41-1.26; p = 0.251). We identified clinically relevant somatic gene alterations in European patients with prostate cancer. These molecular alterations have prognostic significance and therapeutic implications and/or may trigger genetic testing in selected patients. In the era of precision medicine, prospective research on the predictive role of these alterations for innovative treatments or their combinations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fountzilas
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Lukes's Hospital, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Medical Oncology, German Oncology Center, European University Cyprus, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Maria Kouspou
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | | | - Kyriaki Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Bournakis
- Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
- Oncologic Clinical Trials and Research Clinic, Metropolitan General Hospital, 15562 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Goussia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ioannina University Hospital, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Pathology, German Oncology Center, Limassol 4108, Cyprus
| | - Marinos Tsiatas
- Department of Oncology, Athens Medical Center, 15125 Marousi, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sofia Levva
- Medical Oncology, Bioclinic of Thessaloniki, 54622 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vakalopoulos
- First Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Stavroula Pervana
- Department of Pathology, Papageorgiou Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Filippos Koinis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Redi Bumci
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ioannina University Hospital, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Soultana Meditskou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anastasios Visvikis
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, 14564 Athens, Greece
| | | | - George K Koukoulis
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasios Kotsakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Giannakis
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, German Oncology Center, Limassol 4108, Cyprus
| | - Philippos C Patsalis
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
- Medicover Genetics, Nicosia 2409, Cyprus
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Chrysostomou AC, Vrancken B, Haralambous C, Alexandrou M, Aristokleous A, Christodoulou C, Gregoriou I, Ioannides M, Kalakouta O, Karagiannis C, Koumbaris G, Loizides C, Mendris M, Papastergiou P, Patsalis PC, Pieridou D, Richter J, Schmitt M, Shammas C, Stylianou DC, Themistokleous G, Lemey P, Kostrikis LG. Genomic Epidemiology of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in Cyprus from November 2020 to October 2021: The Passage of Waves of Alpha and Delta Variants of Concern. Viruses 2022; 15:108. [PMID: 36680148 PMCID: PMC9862594 DOI: 10.3390/v15010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 resulted in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has had devastating repercussions for public health. Over the course of this pandemic, the virus has continuously been evolving, resulting in new, more infectious variants that have frequently led to surges of new SARS-CoV-2 infections. In the present study, we performed detailed genetic, phylogenetic, phylodynamic and phylogeographic analyses to examine the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Cyprus using 2352 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from infected individuals in Cyprus during November 2020 to October 2021. During this period, a total of 61 different lineages and sublineages were identified, with most falling into three groups: B.1.258 & sublineages, Alpha (B.1.1.7 & Q. sublineages), and Delta (B.1.617.2 & AY. sublineages), each encompassing a set of S gene mutations that primarily confer increased transmissibility as well as immune evasion. Specifically, these lineages were coupled with surges of new infections in Cyprus, resulting in the following: the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Cyprus, comprising B.1.258 & sublineages, during late autumn 2020/beginning of winter 2021; the third wave, comprising Alpha (B.1.1.7 & Q. sublineages), during spring 2021; and the fourth wave, comprising Delta (B.1.617.2 & AY. sublineages) during summer 2021. Additionally, it was identified that these lineages were primarily imported from and exported to the UK, Greece, and Sweden; many other migration links were also identified, including Switzerland, Denmark, Russia, and Germany. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Cyprus was characterized by successive introduction of new lineages from a plethora of countries, resulting in the generation of waves of infection. Overall, this study highlights the importance of investigating the spatiotemporal evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the context of Cyprus, as well as the impact of protective measures placed to mitigate transmission of the virus, providing necessary information to safeguard public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bram Vrancken
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Christos Haralambous
- Unit for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Nicosia 1148, Cyprus
| | - Maria Alexandrou
- Microbiology Department, Larnaca General Hospital, Larnaca 6301, Cyprus
| | - Antonia Aristokleous
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Aglantzia, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - Christina Christodoulou
- Department of Molecular Virology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | - Ioanna Gregoriou
- Unit for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Nicosia 1148, Cyprus
| | | | - Olga Kalakouta
- Unit for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Nicosia 1148, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | - Michail Mendris
- Microbiology Department, Limassol General Hospital, Limassol 4131, Cyprus
| | | | - Philippos C. Patsalis
- NIPD Genetics, Nicosia 2409, Cyprus
- Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - Despo Pieridou
- Microbiology Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia 2029, Cyprus
| | - Jan Richter
- Department of Molecular Virology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | - Markus Schmitt
- Eurofins Genomics Sequencing Europe, 85560 Ebersberg, Germany
| | - Christos Shammas
- S.C.I.N.A Bioanalysis Sciomedical Centre Ltd., Limassol 4040, Cyprus
| | - Dora C. Stylianou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Aglantzia, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leondios G. Kostrikis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Aglantzia, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
- Cyprus Academy of Sciences, Letters, and Arts, 60-68 Phaneromenis Street, Nicosia 1011, Cyprus
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Romanidou O, Apostolou P, Kouvelakis K, Tsangaras K, Eliades A, Achilleos A, Loizides C, Lemesios C, Ioannides M, Kypri E, Koumbaris G, Papadopoulou K, Papathanasiou A, Rigakos G, Xanthakis I, Fostira F, Kotoula V, Fountzilas G, Patsalis PC. Molecular profile and clinical features of patients with gliomas using a broad targeted next generation-sequencing panel. Oncol Lett 2022; 25:38. [PMID: 36589665 PMCID: PMC9773316 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors characterized by poor prognosis. The genotyping of tumors using next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms enables the identification of genetic alterations that constitute diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers. The present study investigated the molecular profile of 32 tumor samples from 32 patients with high-grade gliomas by implementing a broad 80-gene targeted NGS panel while reporting their clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes. Subsequently, 14 of 32 tumor specimens were also genotyped using a 55-gene NGS panel to validate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of the extended panel. The median follow-up was 19.2 months. In total, 129 genetic alterations including 33 structural variants were identified in 38 distinct genes. Among 96 variants (single nucleotide variants and insertions and deletions), 38 were pathogenic and 58 variants of unknown clinical significance. TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene, followed by PTEN and IDH1 genes. Glioma patients with IDH1 mutant tumors were younger and had significantly longer overall survival compared to patients with wild-type IDH1 tumors. Similarly, tumors with TP53 mutations were more likely observed in younger patients with glioma. Subsequently, a comparison of mutational profiles of samples analyzed by both panels was also performed. Implementation of the comprehensive pan-cancer and the MOL panels resulted in the identification of 37 and 15 variants, respectively. Of those, 13 were common. Comprehensive pan-cancer panel identified 24 additional variants, 22 of which were located in regions that were not targeted by the MOL panel. By contrast, the MOL panel identified two additional variants. Overall, the present study demonstrated that using an extended tumor profile assay instead of a glioma-specific tumor profile panel identified additional genetic changes that may be taken into consideration as potential therapeutic targets for glioma diagnosis and molecular classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Romanidou
- Department of Medicine, Medical Oncology Unit, Giannitsa General Hospital, 58100 Giannitsa, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Apostolou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, InRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Kouvelakis
- Section of Biostatistics, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Data Office, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena Kypri
- NIPD Genetics Ltd., 2409 Nicosia, Republic of Cyprus
| | | | - Kyriaki Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Papathanasiou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, InRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Rigakos
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Hygeia Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Xanthakis
- Oncology Department, European Interbalkan Medical Center, 55535 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, InRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Kotoula
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece,Department of Medical Oncology, German Oncology Center, 4108 Limassol, Republic of Cyprus
| | - Philippos C. Patsalis
- NIPD Genetics Ltd., 2409 Nicosia, Republic of Cyprus,School of Medicine, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417 Nicosia, Republic of Cyprus,Correspondence to: Professor Philippos C. Patsalis, NIPD Genetics Ltd., 31 Neas Engomis, Engomi, 2409 Nicosia, Republic of Cyprus, E-mail:
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4
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Kyrochristos ID, Glantzounis GK, Goussia A, Eliades A, Achilleos A, Tsangaras K, Hadjidemetriou I, Elpidorou M, Ioannides M, Koumbaris G, Mitsis M, Patsalis PC, Roukos D. Proof-of-Concept Pilot Study on Comprehensive Spatiotemporal Intra-Patient Heterogeneity for Colorectal Cancer With Liver Metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:855463. [PMID: 35402285 PMCID: PMC8986149 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.855463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The mechanisms underlying high drug resistance and relapse rates after multi-modal treatment in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and liver metastasis (LM) remain poorly understood. Objective We evaluate the potential translational implications of intra-patient heterogeneity (IPH) comprising primary and matched metastatic intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) coupled with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) variability. Methods A total of 122 multi-regional tumor and perioperative liquid biopsies from 18 patients were analyzed via targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results The proportion of patients with ITH were 53% and 56% in primary CRC and LM respectively, while 35% of patients harbored de novo mutations in LM indicating spatiotemporal tumor evolution and the necessity of multiregional analysis. Among the 56% of patients with alterations in liquid biopsies, de novo mutations in cfDNA were identified in 25% of patients, which were undetectable in both CRC and LM. All 17 patients with driver alterations harbored mutations targetable by molecularly targeted drugs, either approved or currently under evaluation. Conclusion Our proof-of-concept prospective study provides initial evidence on potential clinical superiority of IPH and warrants the conduction of precision oncology trials to evaluate the clinical utility of I PH-driven matched therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis D. Kyrochristos
- Centre for Biosystems and Genome Network Medicine, Ioannina University, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Anna Goussia
- Department of Pathology, Ioannina University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michail Mitsis
- Department of Surgery, Ioannina University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
- Cancer Biobank Centre, Ioannina University, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Philippos C. Patsalis
- NIPD Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dimitrios Roukos
- Centre for Biosystems and Genome Network Medicine, Ioannina University, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Surgery, Ioannina University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Dimitrios Roukos,
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5
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Chrysostomou AC, Vrancken B, Koumbaris G, Themistokleous G, Aristokleous A, Masia C, Eleftheriou C, Iοannou C, Stylianou DC, Ioannides M, Petrou P, Georgiou V, Hatziyianni A, Lemey P, Vandamme AM, Patsalis PP, Kostrikis LG. A Comprehensive Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Cyprus from April 2020 to January 2021: Evidence of a Highly Polyphyletic and Evolving Epidemic. Viruses 2021; 13:1098. [PMID: 34207490 PMCID: PMC8227210 DOI: 10.3390/v13061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in an extraordinary global public health crisis. In early 2020, Cyprus, among other European countries, was affected by the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and adopted lockdown measures in March 2020 to limit the initial outbreak on the island. In this study, we performed a comprehensive retrospective molecular epidemiological analysis (genetic, phylogenetic, phylodynamic and phylogeographic analyses) of SARS-CoV-2 isolates in Cyprus from April 2020 to January 2021, covering the first ten months of the SARS-CoV-2 infection epidemic on the island. The primary aim of this study was to assess the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Cyprus. Whole SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences were generated from 596 clinical samples (nasopharyngeal swabs) obtained from community-based diagnostic testing centers and hospitalized patients. The phylogenetic analyses revealed a total of 34 different lineages in Cyprus, with B.1.258, B.1.1.29, B.1.177, B.1.2, B.1 and B.1.1.7 (designated a Variant of Concern 202012/01, VOC) being the most prevalent lineages on the island during the study period. Phylodynamic analysis showed a highly dynamic epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with three consecutive surges characterized by specific lineages (B.1.1.29 from April to June 2020; B.1.258 from September 2020 to January 2021; and B.1.1.7 from December 2020 to January 2021). Genetic analysis of whole SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences of the aforementioned lineages revealed the presence of mutations within the S protein (L18F, ΔH69/V70, S898F, ΔY144, S162G, A222V, N439K, N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, S982A and D1118H) that confer higher transmissibility and/or antibody escape (immune evasion) upon the virus. Phylogeographic analysis indicated that the majority of imports and exports were to and from the United Kingdom (UK), although many other regions/countries were identified (southeastern Asia, southern Europe, eastern Europe, Germany, Italy, Brazil, Chile, the USA, Denmark, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Finland, Switzerland and Pakistan). Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the SARS-CoV-2 infection epidemic in Cyprus is being maintained by a continuous influx of lineages from many countries, resulting in the establishment of an ever-evolving and polyphyletic virus on the island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas C. Chrysostomou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Aglantzia, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (A.C.C.); (A.A.); (D.C.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Bram Vrancken
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.V.); (P.L.); (A.-M.V.)
| | - George Koumbaris
- NIPD Genetics Limited, Nicosia 2409, Cyprus; (G.K.); (M.I.); (P.P.P.)
| | - George Themistokleous
- Medical Laboratory of Ammochostos General Hospital, Ammochostos General Hospital, Paralimni 5386, Cyprus; (G.T.); (C.M.); (C.I.); (P.P.); (A.H.)
| | - Antonia Aristokleous
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Aglantzia, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (A.C.C.); (A.A.); (D.C.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Christina Masia
- Medical Laboratory of Ammochostos General Hospital, Ammochostos General Hospital, Paralimni 5386, Cyprus; (G.T.); (C.M.); (C.I.); (P.P.); (A.H.)
| | - Christina Eleftheriou
- Department of Health and Safety, University of Cyprus, Aglantzia, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus;
| | - Costakis Iοannou
- Medical Laboratory of Ammochostos General Hospital, Ammochostos General Hospital, Paralimni 5386, Cyprus; (G.T.); (C.M.); (C.I.); (P.P.); (A.H.)
| | - Dora C. Stylianou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Aglantzia, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (A.C.C.); (A.A.); (D.C.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Marios Ioannides
- NIPD Genetics Limited, Nicosia 2409, Cyprus; (G.K.); (M.I.); (P.P.P.)
| | - Panagiotis Petrou
- Medical Laboratory of Ammochostos General Hospital, Ammochostos General Hospital, Paralimni 5386, Cyprus; (G.T.); (C.M.); (C.I.); (P.P.); (A.H.)
| | - Vasilis Georgiou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Aglantzia, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (A.C.C.); (A.A.); (D.C.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Amalia Hatziyianni
- Medical Laboratory of Ammochostos General Hospital, Ammochostos General Hospital, Paralimni 5386, Cyprus; (G.T.); (C.M.); (C.I.); (P.P.); (A.H.)
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.V.); (P.L.); (A.-M.V.)
| | - Anne-Mieke Vandamme
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.V.); (P.L.); (A.-M.V.)
- Center for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Unidade de Microbiologia, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Philippos P. Patsalis
- NIPD Genetics Limited, Nicosia 2409, Cyprus; (G.K.); (M.I.); (P.P.P.)
- Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - Leondios G. Kostrikis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Aglantzia, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (A.C.C.); (A.A.); (D.C.S.); (V.G.)
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Fountzilas E, Eliades A, Koliou GA, Achilleos A, Loizides C, Tsangaras K, Pectasides D, Sgouros J, Papakostas P, Rallis G, Psyrri A, Papadimitriou C, Oikonomopoulos G, Ferentinos K, Koumarianou A, Zarkavelis G, Dervenis C, Aravantinos G, Bafaloukos D, Kosmidis P, Papaxoinis G, Theochari M, Varthalitis I, Kentepozidis N, Rigakos G, Saridaki Z, Nikolaidi A, Christopoulou A, Fostira F, Samantas E, Kypri E, Ioannides M, Koumbaris G, Fountzilas G, Patsalis PC. Clinical Significance of Germline Cancer Predisposing Variants in Unselected Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E198. [PMID: 33429865 PMCID: PMC7827324 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to determine the prevalence, prognostic and predictive role of germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (P/LPVs) in cancer predisposing genes in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Germline testing of 62 cancer susceptibility genes was performed on unselected patients diagnosed from 02/2003 to 01/2020 with PDAC, treated at Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HeCOG)-affiliated Centers. The main endpoints were prevalence of P/LPVs and overall survival (OS). P/LPVs in PDAC-associated and homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes were identified in 22 (4.0%) and 42 (7.7%) of 549 patients, respectively. P/LPVs were identified in 16 genes, including ATM (11, 2.0%) and BRCA2 (6, 1.1%), while 19 patients (3.5%) were heterozygotes for MUTYH P/LPVs and 9 (1.6%) carried the low-risk allele, CHEK2 p.(Ile157Thr). Patients carrying P/LPVs had improved OS compared to non-carriers (22.6 vs. 13.9 months, p = 0.006). In multivariate analysis, there was a trend for improved OS in P/LPV carriers (p = 0.063). The interaction term between platinum exposure and mutational status of HRR genes was not significant (p-value = 0.35). A significant proportion of patients with PDAC carries clinically relevant germline P/LPVs, irrespectively of age, family history or disease stage. The predictive role of these P/LPVs has yet to be defined. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03982446.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fountzilas
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Euromedica General Clinic of Thessaloniki, 54645 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- European University Cyprus, 1516 Engomi, Cyprus
| | - Alexia Eliades
- NIPD Genetics Limited, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.E.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (K.T.); (E.K.); (M.I.); (G.K.)
| | - Georgia-Angeliki Koliou
- Section of Biostatistics, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Data Office, 11526 Athens, Greece;
| | - Achilleas Achilleos
- NIPD Genetics Limited, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.E.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (K.T.); (E.K.); (M.I.); (G.K.)
| | - Charalambos Loizides
- NIPD Genetics Limited, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.E.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (K.T.); (E.K.); (M.I.); (G.K.)
| | - Kyriakos Tsangaras
- NIPD Genetics Limited, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.E.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (K.T.); (E.K.); (M.I.); (G.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Pectasides
- Oncology Section, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Joseph Sgouros
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, 14564 Athens, Greece; (J.S.); (E.S.)
| | | | - Grigorios Rallis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos Papadimitriou
- Oncology Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Konstantinos Ferentinos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, German Oncology Center, European University Cyprus, 4108 Limassol, Cyprus; (K.F.); (G.F.)
| | - Anna Koumarianou
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Unit, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Zarkavelis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Medical School, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Christos Dervenis
- First Department of Surgery, General Hospital Konstantopouleio Agia Olga, 14233 Athens, Greece;
| | - Gerasimos Aravantinos
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, 14564 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Bafaloukos
- First Department of Medical Oncology, Metropolitan Hospital, 18547 Piraeus, Greece;
| | - Paris Kosmidis
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Hygeia Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Papaxoinis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Agios Savvas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Theochari
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Nikolaos Kentepozidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, 251 Airforce General Hospital, 11525 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgios Rigakos
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Hygeia Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece;
| | | | | | | | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, InRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece;
| | - Epaminontas Samantas
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, 14564 Athens, Greece; (J.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Elena Kypri
- NIPD Genetics Limited, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.E.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (K.T.); (E.K.); (M.I.); (G.K.)
| | - Marios Ioannides
- NIPD Genetics Limited, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.E.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (K.T.); (E.K.); (M.I.); (G.K.)
| | - George Koumbaris
- NIPD Genetics Limited, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.E.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (K.T.); (E.K.); (M.I.); (G.K.)
| | - George Fountzilas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, German Oncology Center, European University Cyprus, 4108 Limassol, Cyprus; (K.F.); (G.F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Philippos C. Patsalis
- NIPD Genetics Limited, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.E.); (A.A.); (C.L.); (K.T.); (E.K.); (M.I.); (G.K.)
- Medical School, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
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7
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Ioannides M, Achilleos A, Kyriakou S, Kypri E, Loizides C, Tsangaras K, Constantinou L, Koumbaris G, Patsalis PC. Development of a new methylation-based fetal fraction estimation assay using multiplex ddPCR. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8:e1094. [PMID: 31821748 PMCID: PMC7005606 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for fetal aneuploidies has rapidly been incorporated into clinical practice. Current NGS‐based methods can reliably detect fetal aneuploidies non‐invasively with fetal fraction of at least 4%. Inaccurate fetal fraction assessment can compromise the accuracy of the test as affected samples with low fetal fraction have an increased risk for misdiagnosis. Using a novel set of fetal‐specific differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and methylation sensitive restriction digestion (MSRD), we developed a multiplex ddPCR assay for accurate detection of fetal fraction in maternal plasma. Methods We initially performed MSRD followed by methylation DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) and NGS on fetal and non‐pregnant female tissues to identify fetal‐specific DMRs. DMRs with the highest methylation difference between the two tissues were selected for fetal fraction estimation employing MSRD and multiplex ddPCR. Chromosome Y multiplex ddPCR assay (YMM) was used as a reference standard, to develop our fetal fraction estimation model in male pregnancy samples. Additional 123 samples were tested to examine whether the model is sex dependent and/or ploidy dependent. Results In all, 93 DMRs were identified of which seven were selected for fetal fraction estimation. Statistical analysis resulted in the final model which included four DMRs (FFMM). High correlation with YMM‐based fetal fractions was observed using 85 male pregnancies (r = 0.86 95% CI: 0.80–0.91). The model was confirmed using an independent set of 53 male pregnancies. Conclusion By employing a set of well‐characterized DMRs, we developed a SNP‐, sex‐ and ploidy‐independent methylation‐based multiplex ddPCR assay for accurate fetal fraction estimation.
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8
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Koumbaris G, Achilleos A, Nicolaou M, Loizides C, Tsangaras K, Kypri E, Mina P, Sismani C, Velissariou V, Christopoulou G, Constantoulakis P, Manolakos E, Papoulidis I, Stambouli D, Ioannides M, Patsalis P. Targeted capture enrichment followed by NGS: development and validation of a single comprehensive NIPT for chromosomal aneuploidies, microdeletion syndromes and monogenic diseases. Mol Cytogenet 2019; 12:48. [PMID: 31832098 PMCID: PMC6873497 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-019-0459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been widely adopted for the detection of fetal aneuploidies and microdeletion syndromes, nevertheless, limited clinical utilization has been reported for the non-invasive prenatal screening of monogenic diseases. In this study, we present the development and validation of a single comprehensive NIPT for prenatal screening of chromosomal aneuploidies, microdeletions and 50 autosomal recessive disorders associated with severe or moderate clinical phenotype. Results We employed a targeted capture enrichment technology powered by custom TArget Capture Sequences (TACS) and multi-engine bioinformatics analysis pipeline to develop and validate a novel NIPT test. This test was validated using 2033 cell-fee DNA (cfDNA) samples from maternal plasma of pregnant women referred for NIPT and paternal genomic DNA. Additionally, 200 amniotic fluid and CVS samples were used for validation purposes. All NIPT samples were correctly classified exhibiting 100% sensitivity (CI 89.7–100%) and 100% specificity (CI 99.8–100%) for chromosomal aneuploidies and microdeletions. Furthermore, 613 targeted causative mutations, of which 87 were unique, corresponding to 21 monogenic diseases, were identified. For the validation of the assay for prenatal diagnosis purposes, all aneuploidies, microdeletions and point mutations were correctly detected in all 200 amniotic fluid and CVS samples. Conclusions We present a NIPT for aneuploidies, microdeletions, and monogenic disorders. To our knowledge this is the first time that such a comprehensive NIPT is available for clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Koumbaris
- NIPD Genetics Public Company Ltd, Neas Engomis 31, Nicosia, 2409 Cyprus
| | | | - Michalis Nicolaou
- NIPD Genetics Public Company Ltd, Neas Engomis 31, Nicosia, 2409 Cyprus
| | | | | | - Elena Kypri
- NIPD Genetics Public Company Ltd, Neas Engomis 31, Nicosia, 2409 Cyprus
| | - Petros Mina
- NIPD Genetics Public Company Ltd, Neas Engomis 31, Nicosia, 2409 Cyprus
| | - Carolina Sismani
- 2The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, International Airport Avenue, 6, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, 2370 Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, International Airport Avenue, 6, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, 2370 Cyprus
| | - Voula Velissariou
- NIPD Genetics Public Company Ltd, Neas Engomis 31, Nicosia, 2409 Cyprus.,Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Department, Bioiatriki Healthcare Group, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marios Ioannides
- NIPD Genetics Public Company Ltd, Neas Engomis 31, Nicosia, 2409 Cyprus
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9
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Kypri E, Ioannides M, Touvana E, Neophytou I, Mina P, Velissariou V, Vittas S, Santana A, Alexidis F, Tsangaras K, Achilleos A, Patsalis P, Koumbaris G. Non-invasive prenatal testing of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies: validation and clinical performance of the veracity test. Mol Cytogenet 2019; 12:34. [PMID: 31338126 PMCID: PMC6628499 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-019-0446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) for fetal aneuploidies using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been widely adopted in clinical practice due to its improved accuracy. A number of NIPT tests have been developed and validated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the Veracity NIPT test for sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) detection in singleton pregnancies, autosomal aneuploidy detection in twin pregnancies and evaluation of Veracity clinical performance under routine NIPT conditions in a diverse cohort. Methods Blinded retrospective study in singleton pregnancies (n = 305); blinded retrospective and prospective study in twin pregnancies (n = 306) and prospective evaluation of clinical performance in singleton and twin pregnancies (n = 10564). Results Validation study results for the detection of SCAs in singleton pregnancies exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity and correctly classified 7 (45,X), 4 (47,XXY), 2 (47,XXX) and 1 (47,XYY) cases. Validation study results for autosomal aneuploidy detection in twin pregnancies exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity and correctly classified 3 trisomy 21, 1 trisomy 18 and 1 trisomy 13 samples. Clinical performance evaluation of Veracity was performed in 10564 pregnancies with median gestational age of 13 weeks, median maternal age 35 years and median gestational weight of 64 kg. Based on confirmation feedback the PPV for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 was estimated at 100% (95% CI, 92–100%), 100% (95% CI, 69–100%) and 71% (95% CI, 29–96%), respectively. Estimated PPV for Monosomy X was 57% (95%CI, 18–90%), while the NPV for SCA detection was estimated at 100% (95% CI, 99.94–100%). Conclusion Veracity NIPT test is based on a very powerful, highly accurate methodology that can be safely applied in the clinical setting. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13039-019-0446-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kypri
- NIPD Genetics Public Company Ltd, Neas Engomis 31, Engomi, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios Ioannides
- NIPD Genetics Public Company Ltd, Neas Engomis 31, Engomi, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Evi Touvana
- NIPD Genetics Public Company Ltd, Neas Engomis 31, Engomi, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioanna Neophytou
- NIPD Genetics Public Company Ltd, Neas Engomis 31, Engomi, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Petros Mina
- NIPD Genetics Public Company Ltd, Neas Engomis 31, Engomi, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Voula Velissariou
- NIPD Genetics Public Company Ltd, Neas Engomis 31, Engomi, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus.,DNA Diagnosis N Analysis, Adrianoupoleos 1, 55133 Kalamaria, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spiros Vittas
- DNA Diagnosis N Analysis, Adrianoupoleos 1, 55133 Kalamaria, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alfredo Santana
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Childhood Hospital Materno-Infantil, Childhood Hospital Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas, GC, Canary Islands Spain
| | - Filippos Alexidis
- Eurogenetica, Adrianoupoleos 7, 55133 Kalamaria, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Tsangaras
- NIPD Genetics Public Company Ltd, Neas Engomis 31, Engomi, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Achilleas Achilleos
- NIPD Genetics Public Company Ltd, Neas Engomis 31, Engomi, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Philippos Patsalis
- NIPD Genetics Public Company Ltd, Neas Engomis 31, Engomi, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George Koumbaris
- NIPD Genetics Public Company Ltd, Neas Engomis 31, Engomi, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus
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10
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Keravnou A, Ioannides M, Loizides C, Tsangaras K, Achilleos A, Mina P, Kypri E, Hadjidaniel MD, Neofytou M, Kyriacou S, Sismani C, Koumbaris G, Patsalis PC. MeDIP combined with in-solution targeted enrichment followed by NGS: Inter-individual methylation variability of fetal-specific biomarkers and their implementation in a proof of concept study for NIPT. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199010. [PMID: 29889893 PMCID: PMC5995407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is the most characterized epigenetic process exhibiting stochastic variation across different tissues and individuals. In non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) fetal specific methylated regions can potentially be used as biomarkers for the accurate detection of fetal aneuploidies. The aim of this study was the investigation of inter-individual methylation variability of previously reported fetal-specific markers and their implementation towards the development of a novel NIPT assay for the detection of trisomies 13, 18, and 21. Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) combined with in-solution targeted enrichment followed by NGS was performed in 29 CVS and 27 female plasma samples to assess inter-individual methylation variability of 331 fetal-specific differentially methylated regions (DMRs). The same approach was implemented for the NIPT of trisomies 13, 18 and 21 using spiked-in (n = 6) and pregnancy samples (n = 44), including one trisomy 13, one trisomy 18 and four trisomy 21. Despite the variability of DMRs, CVS samples showed statistically significant hypermethylation (p<2e-16) compared to plasma samples. Importantly, our assay correctly classified all euploid and aneuploid cases without any false positive results (n = 44). This work provides the starting point for the development of a NIPT assay based on a robust set of fetal specific biomarkers for the detection of fetal aneuploidies. Furthermore, the assay’s targeted nature significantly reduces the analysis cost per sample while providing high read depth at regions of interest increasing significantly its accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Keravnou
- Translational Genetics Team, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael D. Hadjidaniel
- Translational Genetics Team, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Neofytou
- Translational Genetics Team, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Carolina Sismani
- Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Philippos C. Patsalis
- Translational Genetics Team, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- NIPD Genetics Ltd., Nicosia, Cyprus
- * E-mail:
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11
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Alexandrou A, Papaevripidou I, Tsangaras K, Alexandrou I, Tryfonidis M, Christophidou-Anastasiadou V, Zamba-Papanicolaou E, Koumbaris G, Neocleous V, Phylactou LA, Skordis N, Tanteles GA, Sismani C. Identification of a novel 15.5 kb SHOX deletion associated with marked intrafamilial phenotypic variability and analysis of its molecular origin. J Genet 2017; 95:839-845. [PMID: 27994182 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of the short stature homeobox contaning SHOX gene has been shown to result in a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD) at the more severe end to SHOX-related short stature at the milder end of the spectrum. Most alterations are whole gene deletions, point mutations within the coding region, or microdeletions in its flanking sequences. Here, we present the clinical and molecular data as well as the potential molecular mechanism underlying a novel microdeletion, causing a variable SHOX-related haploinsufficiency disorder in a three-generation family. The phenotype resembles that of LWD in females, in males, however, the phenotypic expression is milder. The 15523-bp SHOX intragenic deletion, encompassing exons 3-6, was initially detected by array-CGH, followed by MLPA analysis. Sequencing of the breakpoints indicated an Alu recombination-mediated deletion (ARMD) as the potential causative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Alexandrou
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus.
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12
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Neofytou MC, Tsangaras K, Kypri E, Loizides C, Ioannides M, Achilleos A, Mina P, Keravnou A, Sismani C, Koumbaris G, Patsalis PC. Targeted capture enrichment assay for non-invasive prenatal testing of large and small size sub-chromosomal deletions and duplications. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171319. [PMID: 28158220 PMCID: PMC5291539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using whole genome and targeted sequencing has become increasingly accepted for clinical detection of Trisomy 21 and sex chromosome aneuploidies. Few studies have shown that sub-chromosomal deletions or duplications associated with genetic syndromes can also be detected in the fetus noninvasively. There are still limitations on these methodologies such as the detection of variants of unknown clinical significance, high number of false positives, and difficulties to detect small aberrations. We utilized a recently developed targeted sequencing approach for the development of a NIPT assay, for large and small size deletions/duplications, which overcomes these existing limitations. Artificial pregnancies with microdeletion/microduplication syndromes were created by spiking DNA from affected samples into cell free DNA (cfDNA) from non-pregnant samples. Unaffected spiked samples and normal pregnancies were used as controls. Target Capture Sequences (TACS) for seven syndromes were designed and utilized for targeted capture enrichment followed by sequencing. Data was analyzed using a statistical pipeline to identify deletions or duplications on targeted regions. Following the assay development a proof of concept study using 33 normal pregnancies, 21 artificial affected and 17 artificial unaffected pregnancies was carried out to test the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. All 21 abnormal spiked-in samples were correctly classified as subchromosomal aneuploidies while the 33 normal pregnancies or 17 normal spiked-in samples resulted in a false positive result. We have developed an NIPT assay for the detection of sub-chromosomal deletions and duplications using the targeted capture enrichment technology. This assay demonstrates high accuracy, high read depth of the genomic region of interest, and can identify deletions/duplications as small as 0.5 Mb. NIPT of fetal microdeletion/microduplication syndromes can be of enormous benefit in the management of pregnancies at risk both for prospective parents and health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Neofytou
- Translational Genetics Team, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Elena Kypri
- Translational Genetics Team, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- NIPD Genetics Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Keravnou
- Translational Genetics Team, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Carolina Sismani
- Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George Koumbaris
- Translational Genetics Team, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- NIPD Genetics Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Philippos C. Patsalis
- Translational Genetics Team, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- NIPD Genetics Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus
- * E-mail:
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13
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Koumbaris G, Kypri E, Tsangaras K, Achilleos A, Mina P, Neofytou M, Velissariou V, Christopoulou G, Kallikas I, González-Liñán A, Benusiene E, Latos-Bielenska A, Marek P, Santana A, Nagy N, Széll M, Laudanski P, Papageorgiou EA, Ioannides M, Patsalis PC. Cell-Free DNA Analysis of Targeted Genomic Regions in Maternal Plasma for Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing of Trisomy 21, Trisomy 18, Trisomy 13, and Fetal Sex. Clin Chem 2016; 62:848-55. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.252502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
There is great need for the development of highly accurate cost effective technologies that could facilitate the widespread adoption of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT).
METHODS
We developed an assay based on the targeted analysis of cell-free DNA for the detection of fetal aneuploidies of chromosomes 21, 18, and 13. This method enabled the capture and analysis of selected genomic regions of interest. An advanced fetal fraction estimation and aneuploidy determination algorithm was also developed. This assay allowed for accurate counting and assessment of chromosomal regions of interest. The analytical performance of the assay was evaluated in a blind study of 631 samples derived from pregnancies of at least 10 weeks of gestation that had also undergone invasive testing.
RESULTS
Our blind study exhibited 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and correctly classified 52/52 (95% CI, 93.2%–100%) cases of trisomy 21, 16/16 (95% CI, 79.4%–100%) cases of trisomy 18, 5/5 (95% CI, 47.8%–100%) cases of trisomy 13, and 538/538 (95% CI, 99.3%–100%) normal cases. The test also correctly identified fetal sex in all cases (95% CI, 99.4%–100%). One sample failed prespecified assay quality control criteria, and 19 samples were nonreportable because of low fetal fraction.
CONCLUSIONS
The extent to which free fetal DNA testing can be applied as a universal screening tool for trisomy 21, 18, and 13 depends mainly on assay accuracy and cost. Cell-free DNA analysis of targeted genomic regions in maternal plasma enables accurate and cost-effective noninvasive fetal aneuploidy detection, which is critical for widespread adoption of NIPT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Egle Benusiene
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Pietryga Marek
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Alfredo Santana
- Clinical Genetics, Childhood Hospital Materno-Infantil, Las Palmas GC, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Nikoletta Nagy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márta Széll
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Piotr Laudanski
- Department of Perinatology and Obstetrics Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Philippos C Patsalis
- NIPD Genetics, Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics
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14
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Ioannides M, Papageorgiou EA, Keravnou A, Tsaliki E, Spyrou C, Hadjidaniel M, Sismani C, Koumbaris G, Patsalis PC. Inter-individual methylation variability in differentially methylated regions between maternal whole blood and first trimester CVS. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:73. [PMID: 25426166 PMCID: PMC4243368 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-014-0073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is the most studied form of epigenetic regulation, a process by which chromatin composition and transcription factor binding is altered to influence tissue specific gene expression and differentiation. Such tissue specific methylation patterns are investigated as biomarkers for cancer and cell-free fetal DNA using various methodologies. Results We have utilized methylation DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) and real-time quantitative PCR to investigate the inter-individual methylation variability of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) on chromosomes 18 and 21. We have characterized 15 newly selected and seven previously validated DMRs in 50, 1st trimester Chorionic villus samplings (CVS) and 50 female non-pregnant peripheral blood (WBF) samples. qPCR results from MeDIP and genomic DNA (Input) assays were used to calculate fold enrichment values for each DMR. For all regions tested, enrichment was higher in CVS than in WBF samples with mean enrichments ranging from 0.22 to 6.4 and 0.017 to 1 respectively. Despite inter-individual variability, mean enrichment values for CVS were significantly different than those for WBF in all DMRs tested (p < 0.01). This observation is reinforced by the absence of overlap in CVS and WBF enrichment value distributions for 15 of 22 DMRs. Conclusions Our work provides an expansion in the biomarker panel available for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) using the MeDIP-qPCR methology for Down syndrome and can eventually provide the starting point towards the development for assays towards the detection of Edwards syndrome. Furthermore, our data indicate that inter-experimental and inter-individual variation in methylation is apparent, yet the difference in methylation status across tissues is large enough to allow for robust tissue specific methylation identification. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-014-0073-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Ioannides
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Elisavet A Papageorgiou
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus ; NIPD Genetics Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anna Keravnou
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | | | - George Koumbaris
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus ; NIPD Genetics Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Papageorgiou EA, Koumbaris G, Kypri E, Hadjidaniel M, Patsalis PC. The Epigenome View: An Effort towards Non-Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:310-29. [PMID: 24722507 PMCID: PMC4094935 DOI: 10.3390/genes5020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications have proven to play a significant role in cancer development, as well as fetal development. Taking advantage of the knowledge acquired during the last decade, great interest has been shown worldwide in deciphering the fetal epigenome towards the development of methylation-based non-invasive prenatal tests (NIPT). In this review, we highlight the different approaches implemented, such as sodium bisulfite conversion, restriction enzyme digestion and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation, for the identification of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between free fetal DNA found in maternal blood and DNA from maternal blood cells. Furthermore, we evaluate the use of selected DMRs identified towards the development of NIPT for fetal chromosomal aneuploidies. In addition, we perform a comparison analysis, evaluate the performance of each assay and provide a comprehensive discussion on the potential use of different methylation-based technologies in retrieving the fetal methylome, with the aim of further expanding the development of NIPT assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Koumbaris
- NIPD Genetics Ltd., Neas Engomis 31, Engomi, Nicosia 2409, Cyprus.
| | - Elena Kypri
- NIPD Genetics Ltd., Neas Engomis 31, Engomi, Nicosia 2409, Cyprus.
| | - Michael Hadjidaniel
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2370, Cyprus.
| | - Philippos C Patsalis
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2370, Cyprus.
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Papageorgiou EA, Tsaliki E, Koumbaris G, Patsalis PC. Author's response regarding "MeDIP-qPCR approach for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome: accuracy and reproducibility". Prenat Diagn 2013; 33:404-5. [PMID: 23553406 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tsaliki E, Papageorgiou EA, Spyrou C, Koumbaris G, Kypri E, Kyriakou S, Sotiriou C, Touvana E, Keravnou A, Karagrigoriou A, Lamnissou K, Velissariou V, Patsalis PC. MeDIP real-time qPCR of maternal peripheral blood reliably identifies trisomy 21. Prenat Diagn 2012; 32:996-1001. [PMID: 22833530 DOI: 10.1002/pd.3947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reevaluate the efficiency of the 12 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) used in the methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time qPCR) based approach, develop an improved version of the diagnostic formula and perform a larger validation study. METHODS Twelve selected DMRs were checked for copy number variants in the Database of Genomic Variants. The DMRs located within copy number variants were excluded from the analysis. One hundred and seventy-five maternal peripheral blood samples were used to reconstruct and evaluate the new diagnostic formula and for a larger-scale blinded validation study using MeDIP real-time qPCR. RESULTS Seven DMRs entered the final model of the prediction equation and a larger blinded validation study demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 99.2% specificity. No significant evidence for association was observed between cell free fetal DNA concentration and D value. CONCLUSION The MeDIP real-time qPCR method for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 was confirmed and revalidated in 175 samples with satisfactory results demonstrating that it is accurate and reproducible. We are currently working towards simplification of the method to make it more robust and therefore easily, accurately, and rapidly reproduced and adopted by other laboratories. Nevertheless, larger scale validation studies are necessary before the MeDIP real-time qPCR-based method could be applied in clinical practice.
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Patsalis PC, Tsaliki E, Koumbaris G, Karagrigoriou A, Velissariou V, Papageorgiou EA. A new non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome through epigenetic markers and real-time qPCR. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12 Suppl 1:S155-61. [PMID: 22500647 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.674108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) of Down syndrome is rapidly evolving. Currently, two applications for NIPD of Down syndrome have been developed with potential and have displayed positive results; the NIPD using next-generation sequencing technologies and the NIPD using the methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). AREAS COVERED The MeDIP real-time qPCR approach is based on the identification of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and their use for discriminating normal from Down syndrome cases. DMRs were identified using high-resolution oligo-arrays. A subgroup of DMRs was selected for further investigation. Through the design of a discriminant equation which combines the results obtained from different DMRs, normal and abnormal cases are correctly classified indicating 100% sensitivity and specificity. EXPERT OPINION Previous studies have also identified DMRs between non-pregnant female blood and placental DNA. However, these methods have been associated with a number of limitations including the low sensitivity and/or specificity of the assays, the limited number of identified DMRs or methylation sensitive sites and SNPs located on DMRs. These limitations have been overawed by the development of the MeDIP real-time qPCR-based methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippos C Patsalis
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, PO Box 23462, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Kasnauskiene J, Ciuladaite Z, Preiksaitiene E, Matulevičienė A, Alexandrou A, Koumbaris G, Sismani C, Pepalytė I, Patsalis PC, Kučinskas V. A single gene deletion on 4q28.3: PCDH18--a new candidate gene for intellectual disability? Eur J Med Genet 2012; 55:274-7. [PMID: 22450339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a boy with severe developmental delay, seizures, microcephaly, hypoplastic corpus callosum, internal hydrocephalus and dysmorphic features (narrow forehead, round face, deep-set eyes, blue sclerae, large and prominent ears, nose with anteverted nares, thin upper lip, small and wide-spaced teeth, hyperextensibility of the elbows, wrists, and fingers, fingertip pads, broad hallux, sacral dimple), carrying a 1.53 Mb interstitial deletion at 4q28.3. The deletion was detected by Agilent 105K oligo-array genome hybridization and involves the genomic region between 137,417,338 and 138,947,282 base pairs on chromosome 4 (NCBI build 36). The alteration was inherited from a healthy mother and contains a single gene, PCDH18 which encodes a cadherin-related neuronal receptor thought to play a role in the establishment and function of cell-cell connections in the brain. Thus, haploinsufficiency of this gene may contribute to altered brain development and associated malformations. We found that this deletion is a private inherited copy number variation that is associated with specific clinical findings in our patient and propose the PCDH18 gene as a possible candidate gene for intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurate Kasnauskiene
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Grigori P, Panayiotou E, Sismani C, Koumbaris G, Ioannides M, Costalos C, Kosmaidou-Aravidou Z, Kousoulidou L, Patsalis PC. 21 Mb deletion in chromosome band 13q22.2q32.1 associated with mild/moderate psychomotor retardation, growth hormone insufficiency, short neck, micrognathia, hypotonia, dysplastic ears and other dysmorphic features. Eur J Med Genet 2011; 54:365-8. [PMID: 21354346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 9-month old boy carrying a 21 Mb de novo 13q interstitial deletion. The imbalance was detected by chromosomal analysis and investigated by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and Comparative Genomic Hybridization (array-CGH) using two different platforms: a BAC microarray with 516 kb resolution (Cytochip) and a 15 kb resolution oligonucleotide microarray (Agilent 244K). The deletion has been estimated to span 21.46 Mb on chromosomal bands 13q22.2-13q32.1. The patient has mild/moderate psychomotor retardation, growth hormone insufficiency, hypertelorism, short neck, micrognathia, hypotonia, dysplastic ears and other dysmorphic features. Further investigation revealed that the abnormality is de novo and causative of the patient's phenotype. The described patient is unique among similar rare cases with different deletion breakpoints. It is the first case of 13q22.2q32.1 deletion where the breakpoints are clearly defined, indicating the importance of detailed clinical description and high-resolution genomic analysis for characterization of rare genetic syndromes.
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Koumbaris G, Hatzisevastou-Loukidou H, Alexandrou A, Ioannides M, Christodoulou C, Fitzgerald T, Rajan D, Clayton S, Kitsiou-Tzeli S, Vermeesch JR, Skordis N, Antoniou P, Kurg A, Georgiou I, Carter NP, Patsalis PC. FoSTeS, MMBIR and NAHR at the human proximal Xp region and the mechanisms of human Xq isochromosome formation. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:1925-36. [PMID: 21349920 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently described DNA replication-based mechanisms of fork stalling and template switching (FoSTeS) and microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (MMBIR) were previously shown to catalyze complex exonic, genic and genomic rearrangements. By analyzing a large number of isochromosomes of the long arm of chromosome X (i(Xq)), using whole-genome tiling path array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), ultra-high resolution targeted aCGH and sequencing, we provide evidence that the FoSTeS and MMBIR mechanisms can generate large-scale gross chromosomal rearrangements leading to the deletion and duplication of entire chromosome arms, thus suggesting an important role for DNA replication-based mechanisms in both the development of genomic disorders and cancer. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanisms of dicentric i(Xq) (idic(Xq)) formation and show that most idic(Xq) chromosomes result from non-allelic homologous recombination between palindromic low copy repeats and highly homologous palindromic LINE elements. We also show that non-recurrent-breakpoint idic(Xq) chromosomes have microhomology-associated breakpoint junctions and are likely catalyzed by microhomology-mediated replication-dependent recombination mechanisms such as FoSTeS and MMBIR. Finally, we stress the role of the proximal Xp region as a chromosomal rearrangement hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Koumbaris
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kitsiou-Tzeli S, Sismani C, Karkaletsi M, Florentin L, Anastassiou A, Koumbaris G, Evangelidou P, Agapitos E, Patsalis PC, Velissariou V. Erratum: Prenatal diagnosis of a de novo
partial trisomy 10p12.1-12.2 pter originating from an unbalanced translocation onto 15qter and confirmed with array CGH. Prenat Diagn 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kitsiou-Tzeli S, Sismani C, Karkaletsi M, Florentin L, Anastassiou A, Koumbaris G, Evangelidou P, Agapitos E, Patsalis PC, Velissariou V. Prenatal diagnosis of a de novo partial trisomy 10p12.1-12.2 pter originating from an unbalanced translocation onto 15qter and confirmed with array CGH. Prenat Diagn 2008; 28:770-2. [PMID: 18615545 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zahed L, Sismani C, Ioannides M, Saleh M, Koumbaris G, Kenj M, Abdallah A, Ayyache M, Patsalis P. Molecular and clinical description of a girl with a 46,X,t(Y;4)(q11.2;p16)/45,X,der(4)t(Y;4)(q11.2;p16) karyotype and a small cryptic 4p subtelomeric deletion. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:893-8. [PMID: 18302279 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 13-year-old female with short stature, minimal axillary and pubic hair, no breast development, absence of uterus and ovaries, with the following karyotype on lymphocyte cultures: 46,X,t(Y;4)(q11.2;p16)[40]/45,X,der(4)t(Y;4)(q11.2;p16)[10]. Loss of the small derivative Y chromosome in 20% of the cells was also confirmed in skin fibroblast cultures. FISH analyses using Y centromere, SRY, subtelomere XpYp/XqYq, Y and 4 painting probes, confirmed the cytogenetic findings. High-resolution STS analyses using 40 markers covering the Y chromosome did not identify any deletion on the Y. However, de novo absence of the 4p subtelomeric region was noted by FISH, although this deletion was not revealed by Array-CGH at 1 Mb resolution, the last array clone being 0.35 or 1 Mb distal to the 4p FISH probe. The female phenotype of this patient must be due to the loss of the derivative Y chromosomes in some of her cells, especially the gonads, while the 4p subtelomeric deletion does not seem to contribute to her phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Zahed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Kitsiou-Tzeli S, Sismani C, Koumbaris G, Ioannides M, Kanavakis E, Kolialexi A, Mavrou A, Touliatou V, Patsalis PC. Distal del(4) (q33) syndrome: detailed clinical presentation and molecular description with array-CGH. Eur J Med Genet 2007; 51:61-7. [PMID: 17998173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 4q deletion syndrome, comprising all microscopically visible deletions (interstitial and terminal) is a well-recognized distinctive malformation entity, with an estimated incidence of 1:10,000. Here we present the clinical and molecular findings in a 3-year-old male with a de novo distal deletion of 4q33 [46,XY,del(4) (q33)]. Clinical findings of the patient include: hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, short nose with anteverted nares, long philtrum, thin upper lip, micro-retrognathia, low-set and protruding ears, pre-auricular tag unilaterally, low posterior hairline, clinodactyly of the 5th fingers, tapering fingers, hypospadias, and severe psychomotor retardation. Soon after birth he developed severe hypotonia and feeding difficulties. Echocardiography at 15 months documented aortic supravalvular membrane resulting in mild aortic stenosis and dysplasia of the pulmonary valve. Genome-wide screening using 1 Mb resolution array-CGH and subsequent FISH analyses defined a 18.9-22.9 Mb deletion located at the beginning of 4q33 and extending to the telomere. The description of additional cases with similar distal deletions of 4q33 will allow a more precise prognosis and is therefore of great value for genetic counsellors, while detailed molecular characterization in any well clinically characterized patient is expected to track down individual candidate genes for the specific features of the syndrome.
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Velissariou V, Sismani C, Christopoulou S, Kaminopetros P, Hatzaki A, Evangelidou P, Koumbaris G, Bartsocas CS, Stylianidou G, Skordis N, Diakoumakos A, Patsalis PC. Loss of the Y chromosome PAR2 region and additional rearrangements in two familial cases of satellited Y chromosomes: cytogenetic and molecular analysis. Eur J Med Genet 2007; 50:291-300. [PMID: 17584536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two cases of rare structural aberrations of the Y chromosome were detected: a del(Y) (q12) chromosome in a child with mild dysmorphic features, obesity and psychomotor delay, and two identical satellited Y chromosomes (Yqs) in a normal twin, which were originally observed during routine prenatal diagnosis. In both cases a Yqs chromosome was detected in the father which had arisen from a reciprocal translocation involving the short arm of chromosome 15 and the heterochromatin of the long arm of the Y chromosome (Yqh). Cytogenetic and molecular studies demonstrated that in the reciprocal product of chromosomes 15 and Y PAR2 could not be detected, showing that PAR2 had been deleted. It is discussed whether the translocation of the short arm of an acrocentric chromosome to the heterochromatin of the long arm of the Y chromosome causes instability of this region which results either in loss of genetic material or interference with the normal mechanism of disjunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Velissariou
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mitera General, Maternity and Pediatric Clinic, 6 Eryrthrou Street & Kifissias, 15123 Athens, Greece.
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Patsalis PC, Skordis N, Sismani C, Kousoulidou L, Koumbaris G, Eftychi C, Stavrides G, Ioulianos A, Kitsiou-Tzeli S, Galla-Voumvouraki A, Kosmaidou Z, Hadjiathanasiou CG, McElreavey K. Identification of high frequency of Y chromosome deletions in patients with sex chromosome mosaicism and correlation with the clinical phenotype and Y-chromosome instability. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 135:145-9. [PMID: 15880425 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A mosaic karyotype consisting of a 45,X cell line and a second cell line containing a normal or an abnormal Y chromosome is relatively common and is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes. The aim of this study was to investigate patients with such a mosaic karyotype for Y chromosome material loss and then study the possible association of the absence of these regions with the phenotype, diagnosis, and Y-chromosome instability. We studied 17 clinically well-characterized mosaic patients whose karyotype consisted of a 45,X cell line and a second cell line containing a normal or an abnormal Y chromosome. The presence of the Y chromosome centromere was verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and was then characterized by 44 Y-chromosome specific-sequence tagged site (STS) markers. This study identifies a high frequency of Yq chromosome deletions (47%). The deletions extend from interval 5 to 7 sharing a common deleted interval (6F), which overlaps with the azoospermia factor region (AZF) region. This study finds no association between Y-chromosome loci hosting genes other than SRY, and the phenotypic sex, the diagnosis, and the phenotype of the patients. Furthermore, this study shows a possible association of these deletions with Y-chromosome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippos C Patsalis
- Department of Cytogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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