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The patent review of the biological activity of tropane containing compounds. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:875-899. [PMID: 38165255 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2299349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tropane-derived medications have historically played a substantial role in pharmacotherapy. Both natural and synthetic derivatives of tropane find application in addressing diverse medical conditions. Prominent examples of tropane-based drugs include hyoscine butylbromide, recognized for its antispasmodic properties, atropine, employed as a mydriatic, maraviroc, known for its antiviral effects. trospium chloride, utilized as a spasmolytic for overactive bladder, and ipratropium, a bronchodilator. AREAS COVERED We compiled patents pertaining to the biological activity of substances containing tropane up to the year 2023 and categorized them according to the specific type of biological activity they exhibit. ScienceFinder, ScienceDirect, and Patent Guru were used to search for scientific articles and patent literature up to 2023. EXPERT OPINION Pharmaceutical researchers in academic and industrial settings have shown considerable interest in tropane derivatives. Despite this, there remains a substantial amount of work to be undertaken. A focused approach is warranted for the exploration and advancement of both natural and synthetic bioactive molecules containing tropane, facilitated through collaborative efforts between academia and industry. Leveraging contemporary techniques and technologies in medicinal and synthetic chemistry, including high throughput screening, drug repurposing,and biotechnological engineering, holds the potential to unveil novel possibilities and accelerate the drug discovery process for innovative tropane-based pharmaceuticals.
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A Literature Review Focusing on the Antiviral Activity of [1,2,4] and [1,2,3]-triazoles. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023; 24:MRMC-EPUB-136282. [PMID: 38008942 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575277122231108095511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Out of a variety of heterocycles, triazole scaffolds have been shown to play a significant part in a wide array of biological functions. Many drug compounds containing a triazole moiety with important antimicrobial, anticancer and antidepressant properties have been commercialized. In addition, the triazole scaffold exhibits remarkable antiviral activity either incorporated into nucleoside analogs or non-nucleosides. Many synthetic techniques have been produced by scientists around the world as a result of their wide-ranging biological function. In this review, we have tried to summarize new synthetic methods produced by diverse research groups as well as provide a comprehensive description of the function of [1,2,4] and [1,2,3]-triazole derivatives as antiviral agents. Antiviral triazole compounds have been shown to target a wide variety of molecular proteins. In addition, several strains of viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus, SARS virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, influenza virus, Hantavirus, and herpes virus, were discovered to be susceptible to triazole derivatives. This review article covered the reports for antiviral activity of both 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazole moieties up to 2022.
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Recent Methods for the Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives and their Biological Activities. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023:MRMC-EPUB-135605. [PMID: 37885112 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575264375231012115026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Quinoxaline derivatives have been incorporated into numerous marketed drugs used for the treatment of various diseases. Examples include glecaprevir (Mavyret), voxilaprevir (Vosevi), Balversa (L01EX16) (erdafitinib), carbadox, XK469R (NSC698215), and becampanel (AMP397). These quinoxaline derivatives exhibit a diverse range of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antitubercular, antiviral, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anticancer, antiproliferative, antitumor, kinase inhibition, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and analgesic effects. Recognizing the significance of these bioactive quinoxaline derivatives, researchers have dedicated their efforts to developing various synthetic methods for their production. This review aimed to compile the most recent findings on the synthesis and biological properties of quinoxaline derivatives from 2015 to 2023.
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The most recent compilation of reactions of enaminone derivatives with various amine derivatives to generate biologically active compounds. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023; 23:MRMC-EPUB-134507. [PMID: 37711104 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230913164038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic derivatives serve as the fundamental components of both natural and synthetic drugs. Enaminones play a crucial role as foundational units in the synthesis of numerous bioactive heterocyclic compounds, including pyrazoles, pyridines, oxazoles, isoxazoles, as well as fused heterocyclic structures like indoles, carbazoles, quinolines, acridines, and phenanthridines. These diverse heterocyclic rings are well-known for their various therapeutic activities, encompassing anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidepressant, and antiviral properties. By reacting with nitrogen-based nucleophiles, enaminones can generate bioactive azoles, azines, and their fused systems. This comprehensive review article focuses on the recent advancements in enaminone reactions with (a) nitrogen-based nucleophiles, such as aliphatic amines, derivatives of aniline, heterocyclic amines, hydroxylamine, hydrazine derivatives, guanidine derivatives, urea, and thiourea derivatives, and (b) nitrogen-based electrophiles, such as diazonium salts. These reactions have led to the synthesis of a wide range of bioactive fused heterocyclic compounds from 2010 to the end of 2022.
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Synthesis of tricyclic and tetracyclic benzo[6,7]cycloheptane derivatives linked morpholine moiety as CDK2 inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1127-1141. [PMID: 37170788 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of developing cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitors with strong antibreast cancer efficacy, new tricyclic and tetracyclic benzo[6,7]cycloheptane derivatives were synthesized. The newly synthesized tri- and tetracyclic derivatives were achieved from the reaction of 4-(4-morpholin-4-yl-phenyl)-1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-d]pyrimidine-2-thione (5) with α-haloketone derivatives as hydrazonyl chlorides, phenacyl bromide derivatives, chloroacetone, and ethyl substituted acetate derivatives. The MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were utilized to examine the anticancer properties. Compounds 5 and 8 were shown to be the most effective, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) values between 5.73 and 9.11 µM, which are on the level with doxorubicin. Mechanistic studies showed that 5 and 8 caused tumor cell death by inducing apoptosis and they also produced cancer arrest in the S phase of the cell cycle. In addition, compounds 5 and 8 showed strong anti-CDK2 action (IC50 = 0.112 and 0.18 µM, respectively) comparable to roscovitine (IC50 = 0.127 µM). Moreover, the docking result demonstrated that derivatives 5 and 8 fit into the CDK2 active site in the proper orientation.
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Synthesis of new Spiropyrazole derivatives under microwaves irradiation and docking study for inhibition the microbes and COVID-19. J Mol Struct 2022; 1269:133581. [PMID: 35782313 PMCID: PMC9232256 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of a new series of spiropyrazole derivatives using microwaves irradiation with high yield in minutes was achieved through a cycloaddition reaction of nitrile imines and arylidenes of 5-bromo-indan-1-one. The structure of the new spiropyrazoles was assured based on their available spectral analyses and the comparison of the extracted data with the literature reports. Molecular docking simulations of all new synthesized spiropyrazole derivatives into leucyl-tRNA synthetase editing domain of Candida albicans (Pdb: 2WFC) indicated that about seven spiropyrazole derivatives can fit deeply in the active site via the formation of stable complexes. In addition, the docking study was utilized to tested the ability of these spiropyrazoles to inhibit COVID-19 through the interaction with COVID-19 main protease (Pdb: 6LU7). The results were surprising which revealed high docking score ranging from -7.764 to -5.9464 kcal/mol. Moreover, the nitrogen atom of pyrazole, Br atom and the C=O group of indanone are essential parts in the binding mode of almost the active derivatives. The results of the docking study are a glimmer of hope to complete the study on these compounds and examine them in the laboratory to ensure their effectiveness as antimicrobials and antiviral, especially Covid-19. Moreover, pharmacokinetics and physicochemical properties were studied.
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Site-Selectivity of the Reaction of 3-Amino-4-Cyano-5-Phenyl-1 H-Pyrrole-2-Carboxylic Acid Amide with α-Halocarbonyl Compounds. Antimicrobial Activity and Docking Study for COVID-19 of the Products. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2130371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Synthesis and inhibitive behavior of new thiazolyl-pyrazole derivative at low carbon steel/ HCl interface: Electrochemical, morphology and theoretical investigations. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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New Potential Antitumor Pyrimidine Derivatives: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1936086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies of various β‐substituted porphyrin conjugates embedded with N‐containing heterocycles. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Inhibitive and adsorption behavior of new thiazoldinone derivative as a corrosion inhibitor at mild steel/electrolyte interface: Experimental and theoretical studies. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Convenient synthesis and anticancer evaluation of novel pyrazolyl‐thiophene, thieno[3,2‐
b
]pyridine, pyrazolo[3,4‐
d
]thieno[3,2‐
b
]pyridine and pyrano[2,3‐
d
]thieno[3,2‐
b
]pyridine derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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A New Approach for the Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel Thiazolyl‐Pyrazole Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Discovery of thiazole-based-chalcones and 4-hetarylthiazoles as potent anticancer agents: Synthesis, docking study and anticancer activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103761. [PMID: 32200332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The crucial need for novel antitumor agents with high selectivity toward cancer cells has promoted us to synthesize new series of thiazole-based chalcones and 4-hetarylthiazoles (rigid chalcones). The synthesis of thiazolyl chalcones and 4-hetarylthiazoles and the assertion of their structure are described. Their anti-proliferative activity was estimated against three human cancer cell lines; HepG-2, A549 and MCF-7. 3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-(5-methyl-2-(methylamino)thiazol-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (chalcone derivative 3a) showed significant and broad antitumor activity that was more potent than Doxorubicin. In addition, compounds 3d, 3e and 7a displayed potent activity compared to Doxorubicin. Additionally, these compounds were less toxic on normal lung cells WI-38 with high selectivity index. Further study on 3a regarding its effect on the normal cell cycle profile in A549 cells demonstrated cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase together with rise in the percentage of the apoptotic pre-G1 cells. CDK1/CDK2/CDK4 inhibition assays were carried out on 3a, 3d, 3e and 7a and the results revealed non selective inhibition on the tested CDKs with IC50 values of 0.78-1.97 µM. Moreover, docking study predicted that 3a, 3d, 3e and 7a can fit in the ATP binding site of CDK1 enzyme. The apoptosis induction potential of 3a, 3d, 3e and 7a was also estimated against some apoptosis markers. Interestingly, they elevated the level of Bax by 6.36-10.12 folds and reduced the expression of Bcl-2 by 1.94-4.12 folds compared to the control. Furthermore, they increased both active caspase-3 and p53 levels by 8.76-10.56 and 6.85-10.36 folds, respectively higher than the control which indicates their potential to induce apoptosis.
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Synthesis, Structure Elucidation, and Biological Activities of Pyrazoles Against Human Lung and Hepatocellular Cancer. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Synthesis of 8,10-disubstituted-triazoloperimidines from (E)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-(8- phenyl-8H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]perimidin-10-yl)prop-2-en-1-one and Their Antimicrobial Activity. Curr Org Synth 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179414666170601121137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim and Objective: Enaminones belay to be extremely stable compounds and constitute a versatile
group of salutary precursors for the synthesis of enormous classes of organic compounds. So, in this context,
we synthesized a new enaminone, namely, (E)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-(8-phenyl-8H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-
a]perimidin-10-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (enaminone 2).
Materials and Methods:
The reaction of enaminone 2 with different types of hydrazonoyl chlorides or hydrazine
hydrate afforded new substituted pyrazoles. Also, the reaction of enaminone with 6-amino-2-
thioxopyrimidin-4-one in acetic acid under reflux produced 2-thioxopyridopyrimidinone derivative. The latter
thione derivative reacts with hydrazonoyl chlorides to give pyridotriazolopyrimidines. 5-(8-Phenyl-8H-
[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]perimidin-10-yl)isoxazole was produced from the reaction of enaminone 2 with hydroxylamine.
Results & Conclusion:
The structure of all the novel perimidine derivatives was confirmed on the basis of
spectral data and elemental analyses. The enaminone and the newly synthesized compounds were tested for
their antimicrobial activity, and the results obtained revealed that some derivatives are more potent than the
reference drugs used.
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Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Anti-ulcerogenic Activities of Novel bis-thiadiazoles, bis-thiazoles and bis-formazanes. Med Chem 2017; 13:226-238. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406412666160920091146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Efficient synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some Mannich bases from 2-arylidine-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-3-ones. Chem Cent J 2015; 9:25. [PMID: 25995769 PMCID: PMC4438201 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-015-0101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazolidinone, has been employed in the preparation of different important drugs required for treatment of inflammations, bacterial infections, and hypertension. Mannich bases have been shown to exhibit diverse biological activities, such as antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Spiroheterocycles including thiazolidine moiety have antimicrobial activity. RESULTS In this study, a novel, rapid, and efficient protocol is developed for the synthesis of various 2-arylidine-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-3-ones using sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBSNa) as an inexpensive and readily available reagent in acetic acid at room temperature. High yields, easy work-up, and short reaction times are advantages of this procedure. The synthesized arylidines were undergone Mannich reaction with formaldehyde and secondary amines in absolute ethanol at room temperature to afford the corresponding N-Mannich bases. All prepared Mannich bases were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSIONS Good activity was noted for Mannich bases from 2-arylidine-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-3-ones, with some members recorded higher antimicrobial activity. Graphical abstractSynthesis of Mannich bases of 2-arylidine-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-3-ones.
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New and efficient approach for synthesis of novel bioactive [1,3,4]thiadiazoles incorporated with 1,3-thiazole moiety. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:320-33. [PMID: 26055810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazoles incorporated with thiazole moiety was synthesized by reaction of 5-acetyl-2-benzoylimino-3-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole thiosemicarbazone 2 with each of N-phenyl 2-oxo-propanehydrazonoyl chloride 3 and ethyl (N-aryl-hydrazono) chloroacetate 5 in dioxane in basic medium. Also, another series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole incorporated with thiazole moiety was prepared by reaction of 5-acetyl-2-benzoylimino-3-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole thiocarbohydrazone with each of hydrazonoyl chlorides 3, 5 and 18 under the same reaction conditions. The mechanisms of the studied reactions were discussed and the assigned structure for each of the new products was identified via elemental and spectral data and by alternative method whenever possible. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity for some selected products was screened, and the results obtained exploring the high potency of some of the tested compounds compared with the employed standard bactericides and fungicide.
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Synthesis of novel benzo-substituted macrocyclic schiff bases containing two triazole rings. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570440636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Micowave assisted synthesis of benzo-substituted macrocyclic diamides and their corresponding macrocyclic dithiodiamides. J Heterocycl Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570410510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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