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Mutter RW, Riaz N, Ng CK, Delsite R, Piscuoglio S, Edelweiss M, Martelotto LG, Sakr RA, King TA, Giri DD, Drobnjak M, Brogi E, Bindra R, Bernheim G, Lim RS, Blecua P, Desrichard A, Higginson D, Towers R, Jiang R, Lee W, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS, Powell SN. Bi-allelic alterations in DNA repair genes underpin homologous recombination DNA repair defects in breast cancer. J Pathol 2017; 242:165-177. [PMID: 28299801 DOI: 10.1002/path.4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair-deficient (HRD) breast cancers have been shown to be sensitive to DNA repair targeted therapies. Burgeoning evidence suggests that sporadic breast cancers, lacking germline BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations, may also be HRD. We developed a functional ex vivo RAD51-based test to identify HRD primary breast cancers. An integrated approach examining methylation, gene expression, and whole-exome sequencing was employed to ascertain the aetiology of HRD. Functional HRD breast cancers displayed genomic features of lack of competent HR, including large-scale state transitions and specific mutational signatures. Somatic and/or germline genetic alterations resulting in bi-allelic loss-of-function of HR genes underpinned functional HRD in 89% of cases, and were observed in only one of the 15 HR-proficient samples tested. These findings indicate the importance of a comprehensive genetic assessment of bi-allelic alterations in the HR pathway to deliver a precision medicine-based approach to select patients for therapies targeting tumour-specific DNA repair defects. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Mutter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nadeem Riaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charlotte Ky Ng
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rob Delsite
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcia Edelweiss
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luciano G Martelotto
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rita A Sakr
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tari A King
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dilip D Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Drobnjak
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ranjit Bindra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Yale, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Giana Bernheim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raymond S Lim
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pedro Blecua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Desrichard
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan Higginson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russell Towers
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruomu Jiang
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon N Powell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Fridlich R, Annamalai D, Roy R, Bernheim G, Powell SN. BRCA1 and BRCA2 protect against oxidative DNA damage converted into double-strand breaks during DNA replication. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 30:11-20. [PMID: 25836596 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are predisposed to develop breast and ovarian cancers, but the reasons for this tissue specificity are unknown. Breast epithelial cells are known to contain elevated levels of oxidative DNA damage, triggered by hormonally driven growth and its effect on cell metabolism. BRCA1- or BRCA2-deficient cells were found to be more sensitive to oxidative stress, modeled by treatment with patho-physiologic concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide exposure leads to oxidative DNA damage induced DNA double strand breaks (DSB) in BRCA-deficient cells causing them to accumulate in S-phase. In addition, after hydrogen peroxide treatment, BRCA deficient cells showed impaired Rad51 foci which are dependent on an intact BRCA1-BRCA2 pathway. These DSB resulted in an increase in chromatid-type aberrations, which are characteristic for BRCA1 and BRCA2-deficient cells. The most common result of oxidative DNA damage induced processing of S-phase DSB is an interstitial chromatid deletion, but insertions and exchanges were also seen in BRCA deficient cells. Thus, BRCA1 and BRCA2 are essential for the repair of oxidative DNA damage repair intermediates that persist into S-phase and produce DSB. The implication is that oxidative stress plays a role in the etiology of hereditary breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Fridlich
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Devi Annamalai
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Rohini Roy
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Giana Bernheim
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Simon N Powell
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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