Movement Asymmetries: From Their Molecular Origin to the Analysis of Movement Asymmetries in Athletes

Asymmetry plays a major role in biology at all scales. This can be seen in the helix of DNA, the fact that the human heart is on the left side, or that most people use their right hand. A single protein such as Myosin 1D can induce helical motion in another molecule. This causes cells, organs, and even entire bodies to twist in a domino effect, causing left-right behaviour. More generally, athlete movements are often asymmetric and, during the physical rehabilitation after injury, the asymmetry is visually discernible. Herein, we review the molecular basis of the movement asymmetries and report on the available knowledge on the few therapeutics investigated so far such as meloxicam. From a more rehabilitative perspective, it is very important to use effective methods to control the process of resolving the injury-related movement asymmetry through the complex use of specialised exercises, measurements, and gait analysis, which can all provide useful information on the effectiveness of the rehabilitation plans. If for each athlete, the normal range of asymmetry is known, the asymmetry can be individually treated and the evolution can be monitored over time. Appropriate measures should be taken if the movement asymmetry is outside this range. In addition, genetic, physiological, and psychological factors relevant to athlete health should be considered in the process of assessing and improving exercise asymmetry, which we also discuss in this review. The main proposal of this work is that the movement asymmetries in athletes should be individually treated, while taking into account the athlete's genetics, physical condition, and previous injuries.

[COMPLEX STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF TSKHALTUBO RADON WATER INHALATION]

The effect of EMF of high frequencies (mobile phones and computers) and the action of radon therapeutic procedures (phenomenological and influencing therapeutic factors) is not still generally known. In addition, we are constantly under the influence of different EMF frequencies, the study of which also deserves attention. The aim of the work is detailed analysis of alpha radiation Tskhaltubo water effect. The subject of the study was 25 patients. The group took the inhalation procedure of air radon baths which was 36-370C, and radon concentration 37.0 Bq/m3. The conducted quantities and qualitative analyses show, that radon inhalation takes an active part in metabolism of biological active components: catecholamine's, amines and free amino acids. Biochemical experiments showed the normalization tendency of composition of these necessary blood-components after 10th day radon-therapeutic inhalation procedure.

COMPLEX STUDY OF MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF RADON IN MINERAL WATER OF TSKALTUBO AND ORAL CAVITY MINERALIZATION RECOVERY IN PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS

Supersaturation of hydroxyapatite is very important in order to preserve the homeostasis of mineral metabolism in the oral cavity. This indicates to the ability of saliva to preserve the homeostasis of the tooth tissues. So it is very important to use inhalations and rinses with Tskhaltubo mineral water. It is the alpha radiation of radon contained in the water of Tskhaltubo that plays a very important role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and the preservation of homeostasis of the oral cavity. A lot of works have been published lately proving that these doses are characterized by the so-called "hormesis", so the object of our interest is to determine the mechanism of radon hormesis and its effects on preserving the homeostasis of mineral metabolism in the oral cavity. Inhalation with mineral water of Tskhaltubo and its use for rinsing in case of parodontitis leads to decrease and ultimately elimination of the developed inflammatory processes. Tests were conducted on 150 volunteers, 120 of which were sick and 30 were practically healthy (control). As a result of the research it was established that inhalations with mineral water of Tskhaltubo and its use for rinsing in case of parodontitis leads to decrease and ultimately elimination of the developed inflammatory processes of the oral cavity. The unique properties of the mineral water of Tskhaltubo are an important component of the treatment of parodontitis at the initial stage of the disease.

[THE LEVEL OF FORMIС ACID IN TOBACCO SMOKE]

Evaluation of the level of contamination of environment by specific components of tobacco smoke (ambient and indoor level of Formic Acid) consider the volume and physico-chemical space parameters of the "passive smokers" location. By method of gasliquid capillary chromatography the content of Formic acid in the air samples of Tobacco Smoke was revealed. Investigations are carried on chromatograph PPE-Millipo-Waters (USA) provided with fireionized detector. Estimation of the corrected volume of holding is conducted with the help of integration Data Module Model 730. Temperature of the environment 18,0°C. The tobacco smoke volume was taked and analyzed from begining of the experiment (after the second enfale in 3 min, 5 min and 10 minuts in the distance of 2, 4 and 6 m. from lighting cigarette. Our data shows that the level Formic Acid in the Tobacco smoke samples taken an 3,0 min after beginning of the experiment (distance 4) was practically the same as a distance 6 m. After 10 min of exposition (same distance) the level of Formic Acid did not exceed tracing values. Due to airdynamic and physiochemical peculiarities Formic Acid has different rate of migration and cover different distance. The obtained data is very important from the point of ecological assessment of the environment and individual sensitivity in the components of ambient and indoor tobacco smoke.

[THE LEVEL OF BENZ(A)PIREN IN TOBACCO SMOKE]

The medical problems of the environmental pollution with products of tobacco smoke are relatively known. The question of separate components of tobacco smoke, factors such a puff-volume, rate, distance, frequency, length of butt in the environment air is not well understand and should further be investigated. It is shown the dependence of the process on the following factors: physic-chemical parameters of atmospheric environment, brand of tobacco product, activity of smoking process. We aimed to determine the dependence of benz(a)pirene in the air samples of tobacco smoke in the distance of 2,0; 4,0 and 6,0m. from lighting cigarette after puff-by puff. Cigarettes were machine-smoked and the total particulate matter was collected (1,0m3) in room, having no air filtration and substances were analysed and identified by gashromatography. The condacted quantitative and qualitative analyses show, that distance of exposition from burning cigarette can change the volume of benz(a)pirene. In the result of pyrolitic and photochemical reactions in tobacco smoke at certain air space temperature new structures can be formed with high toxity and cancerogenity. The dominant transformation process is reaction with photochemically-produced radicals, which produced benz(a)piren as a minor product. Additional factors effecting indoor concentrations include location and ventilation condition time. Ultrafine particle and benz(a)piren deposition and smoking behavior were observed. The mainstream smoke was also monitored continuously in real time (3, 5 and 10 minute) on a puff-by-puff. Our data show that smoking pastime can change the structure and volume of component of tobacco smoke. The level of benz(a)piren in air samples was evaluated as the main background index of cigarette smoke toxity in relatively small room, having no air filtration system. This question still needs to be explained. It would be interesting to investigate of tobacco smoke components in lung tissue after the smoking process. The studies are necessary in different derection.

[THE LEVEL OF NAPHTHALENE AND ITS DERIVATES IN TOBACCO SMOKE]

The composition of cigarette smoke in spite of its tremendous complexity is relatively known, but little is known about the influence of Ecologic Factors (air flows, temperature, light) on the Migration Character of individual and specific components of Tobacco Smoke constansate in environmental atmosphere on different distance from burning cigarette. Oxidation in air, and photochemical reactions can produce many compounds which were not originally present in the Tobacco Smoke. Gas liquid Chromatography with high-resolution capillary column is applied. The tobacco skome volume was taked and analyzed in the distance of 2,0 m and 4,0 m from burning cigarette. The content of naphthalene and its derivates in the air samples was revealed. Our data show that distance of exposition from burning cigarette can change the structure and volume of each component of tobacco smoke. The studies are necessary in different direction. First, this phenomen still needs to be explained. The second, it would be interesting to investigate the retention of tobacco smoke components in lung tissue, for a considerable time after the smoking process. The obtained data is very important from the point of ecological assessment of the environment and sensitivity to the components of tobacco smoke.