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Paschetta C, de Azevedo S, Ramallo V, Cintas C, Pérez O, Navarro P, Bandieri L, Sánchez MQ, Adhikari K, Bortolini MC, Ferrara GP, Gallo C, Bedoya G, Rothhammer F, Alonzo VA, Ruiz-Linares A, González-José R. The impact of socioeconomic and phenotypic traits on self-perception of ethnicity in Latin America. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12617. [PMID: 34135396 PMCID: PMC8209281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-perception of ethnicity is a complex social trait shaped by both, biological and non-biological factors. We developed a comprehensive analysis of ethnic self-perception (ESP) on a large sample of Latin American mestizos from five countries, differing in age, socio-economic and education context, external phenotypic attributes and genetic background. We measured the correlation of ESP against genomic ancestry, and the influence of physical appearance, socio-economic context, and education on the distortion observed between both. Here we show that genomic ancestry is correlated to aspects of physical appearance, which in turn affect the individual ethnic self-perceived ancestry. Also, we observe that, besides the significant correlation among genomic ancestry and ESP, specific physical or socio-economic attributes have a strong impact on self-perception. In addition, the distortion among ESP and genomic ancestry differs across age ranks/countries, probably suggesting the underlying effect of past public policies regarding identity. Our results indicate that individuals' own ideas about its origins should be taken with caution, especially in aspects of modern life, including access to work, social policies, and public health key decisions such as drug administration, therapy design, and clinical trials, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Paschetta
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas-CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Soledad de Azevedo
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas-CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Virginia Ramallo
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas-CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | | | - Orlando Pérez
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas-CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Pablo Navarro
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas-CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Lucas Bandieri
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas-CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Mirsha Quinto Sánchez
- Ciencia Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Kaustubh Adhikari
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - M Catira Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Poletti Ferrara
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Carla Gallo
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Gabriel Bedoya
- Grupo de Genética Molecular (GENMOL), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francisco Rothhammer
- Instituto de Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá, Programa de Genética Humana, ICBM Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.,UMR 7268 ADES, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, EFS, Faculté de Médecine Timone, 13005, Marseille, France.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Rolando González-José
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas-CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. .,Centro Nacional Patagónico-CONICET, Bvd. Brown 2915. U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
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