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The Global Epidemiology of Bovine Leukemia Virus: Current Trends and Future Implications. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:297. [PMID: 38254466 PMCID: PMC10812804 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), which is the most significant neoplastic disease in cattle. Although EBL has been successfully eradicated in most European countries, infections continue to rise in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Japan, and the United States. BLV imposes a substantial economic burden on the cattle industry, particularly in dairy farming, as it leads to a decline in animal production performance and increases the risk of disease. Moreover, trade restrictions on diseased animals and products between countries and regions further exacerbate the problem. Recent studies have also identified fragments of BLV nucleic acid in human breast cancer tissues, raising concerns for public health. Due to the absence of an effective vaccine, controlling the disease is challenging. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately detect and diagnose BLV at an early stage to control its spread and minimize economic losses. This review provides a comprehensive examination of BLV, encompassing its genomic structure, epidemiology, modes of transmission, clinical symptoms, detection methods, hazards, and control strategies. The aim is to provide strategic information for future BLV research.
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BLV-miR-B1-5p Promotes Staphylococcus aureus Adhesion to Mammary Epithelial Cells by Targeting MUC1. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3811. [PMID: 38136848 PMCID: PMC10741194 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is widely prevalent worldwide and can persistently infect mammary epithelial cells in dairy cows, leading to reduced cellular antimicrobial capacity. BLV-encoded microRNAs (BLV-miRNAs) can modify host genes and promote BLV replication. We previously showed that BLV-miR-B1-5p significantly promoted Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) adhesion to bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells; however, the pathway responsible for this effect remained unclear. This study aims to examine how BLV-miR-B1-5p promotes S. aureus adhesion to MAC-T cells via miRNA target gene prediction and validation. Target site prediction showed that BLV-miR-B1-5p could target the mucin family gene mucin 1 (MUC1). Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and dual luciferase reporter assay further confirmed that BLV-miR-B1-5p could target and inhibit the expression of MUC1 in bovine MAC-T cells while interfering with the expression of MUC1 promoted S. aureus adhesion to MAC-T cells. These results indicate that BLV-miR-B1-5p promotes S. aureus adhesion to mammary epithelial cells by targeting MUC1.
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Effects of Hormone, NEFA and SCFA on the Migration of Neutrophils and the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091190. [PMID: 35565616 PMCID: PMC9103860 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Perinatal dairy cows face the challenge of maintaining the resilience of defense against invading pathogens. During the perinatal period, hormonal or metabolic changes cause the decline of immune function of dairy cows and further lead to varying degrees of immunosuppression. The results of this study indicate that, hormones, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can regulate neutrophil migration and the NETs formation of dairy cows in vitro. These results help to further explain the effects of changes in hormone secretion and metabolites on immunosuppression and the increased risk of disease in perinatal dairy cows. Abstract Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the first line of defense against the invasion of foreign pathogenic microorganisms and play an essential role in the immune system of dairy cows. The changes in hormone secretion and metabolites of dairy cows during the perinatal period are the key factors that cause immunosuppression and increased risk of diseases. However, the effects of the hormone, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) on the transmammary epithelial migration of dairy cows and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have rarely been studied. This study explored the effects of hormones, NEFAs and SCFAs on the neutrophil migration and NETs formation of dairy cows in vitro. It was found that P4 and Ac can regulate the transepithelial migration of PMN; SA and Pr can regulate the formation of NETs; E2, OA and Bt can regulate PMN transepithelial migration and NET formation. These results help to further explain the effects of changes in hormone secretion and metabolites on immunosuppression and the increased risk of disease in perinatal dairy cows.
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A prospective study on vulvovaginal candidiasis: multicentre molecular epidemiology of pathogenic yeasts in China. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:566-572. [PMID: 34908189 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is frequent in women of reproductive age, but very limited data are available on the epidemiology in cases of VVC in China. OBJECTIVES The current study has been conducted to reveal the prevalence, species distribution of yeast causing VVC and molecular genetics of Candida albicans in China. METHODS Vaginal swabs were collected from 543 VVC outpatients recruited in 12 hospitals in China between September 2017 and March 2018. They were preliminarily incubated on Sabouraud dextrose agar and then positive subjects of which were then transmitted to our institute for further identification. CHROMagar™ was used to isolate Candida species, and all isolates were finally identified by DNA sequencing. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to analyse phylogenetic relationships of the various C. albicans isolates. RESULTS Eleven different yeast species were identified in 543 isolates, among which C. albicans (84.7%) was the most frequent, followed by C. glabrata (8.7%). We obtained 117 unique diploid sequence types from 451 clinical C. albicans isolates and 92 isolates (20.4%) belonged to a New Clade. All the strains appearing in the New Clade were from northern China and they were isolated from non-recurrent VVC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that C. albicans are still the main cause of VVC in China and the majority of C. albicans isolates belongs to Clade 1 with DST 79 and DST 45 being two most common. Moreover, the New Clade revealed in our study seems to be specific to northern China.
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Effect of Copper, Zinc, and Selenium on the Migration of Bovine Neutrophils. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8110281. [PMID: 34822654 PMCID: PMC8618487 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the first line of mammary gland defense against invading pathogens by transmigration across the mammary epithelial cell barrier. The effect of trace elements on the migration of bovine neutrophils is not clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of copper (Cu; 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L), zinc (Zn; 1.0, 5.0 and 10 mg/L) and selenium (Se; 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L) on the migration of bovine neutrophils by using a Transwell assay. The results showed that Cu, Zn and Se promoted the number of neutrophils in the trans-mammary epithelium. With the increased concentration of Cu at 1.5 mg/L, the number of neutrophils in the trans-mammary epithelium was increased significantly (p < 0.05). Zn (5.0 mg/L) and Se (0.1 mg/L) increased the migrated number of neutrophils (p < 0.01) to an extremely significant degree. These findings provided a theoretical and experimental basis for mammary gland immunity in dairy cows. Thus, we suggest that adding moderate amounts of different trace elements can improve the immune function of dairy cows.
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Effect of BLV Infection on the Immune Function of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil in Dairy Cows. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:737608. [PMID: 34631861 PMCID: PMC8495415 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.737608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzootic bovine leukemia is a late-onset, neoplastic infection caused by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV). BLV infection hinders the function of the immune system and induces other diseases, which negatively affects the performance and health of the infected cows. As the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogenic microorganisms, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) plays a vital role in the immune system of dairy cows. However, research on the effect of BLV infection on the immune function of PMN in dairy cows is scarce. Therefore, this experiment aimed to elucidate the effects and effect mechanisms of BLV infection on the immune function of PMN in dairy cows with different BLV provirus loads by detecting the chemotaxis, migration, adhesion, phagocytosis, respiratory burst function, and the formation of NETs. The experimental results showed that BLV infection had no significant effect on the phagocytosis of PMN but inhibited their migration and respiratory burst function, and the effects were closely related to the BLV provirus load. Under high BLV provirus load, PMN produced large amounts of NETs, chemokine CXCL7, adhesion molecule CD18, and pro-inflammatory factors IL-8 and TNF-α, triggering inflammatory responses, and tissue damage. The results of this study will help reveal the reason why BLV infection causes the high incidence of mammary gland inflammation in dairy cows.
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Cerebral fungal abscess resembling high-grade glioma: A case report in an immunocompromised patient. Neurochirurgie 2020; 66:494-496. [PMID: 33053402 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Anti-Bone Cancer Activity and Molecular Docking Investigations of the Heterocyclic Compound 1-((2S,3S)-2-(Benzyloxy)Pentan-3-yl) -4-(4-(4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Piperazin-1-yl) Phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5(4H)-One. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476619070205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Population structure and genetic diversity of four Henan pig populations. Anim Genet 2019; 50:262-265. [PMID: 30883844 DOI: 10.1111/age.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the population structure and genetic diversity of Henan indigenous pig breeds, samples from a total of 78 pigs of 11 breeds were collected, including four pig populations from Henan Province, three Western commercial breeds, three Chinese native pig breeds from other provinces and one Asian wild boar. The genotyping datasets were obtained by genotyping-by-sequencing technology. We found a high degree of polymorphism and rapid linkage disequilibrium decay in Henan pigs. A neighbor-joining tree, principal component analysis and structure analysis revealed that the Huainan and Erhualian pigs were clustered together and that the Queshan black pigs were clearly grouped together but that the Nanyang and Yuxi pigs were extensively admixed with Western pigs. In addition, heterozygosity values might indicate that Henan indigenous pigs, especially the Queshan black and Huainan pigs, were subjected to little selection during domestication. The results presented here indicate that Henan pig breeds were admixed from Western breeds, especially Nanyang and Yuxi pigs. Therefore, establishment of purification and rejuvenation systems to implement conservation strategies is urgent. In addition, it is also necessary to accelerate genetic resources improvement and utilization using modern breeding technologies, such as genomic selection and genome-wide association studies.
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881 Comparison of Sensititre YeastOne® colorimetric antifungal panel with routine CLSI tests against dematiaceos fungi. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Phylogeny of dermatophytes with genomic character evaluation of clinically distinct Trichophyton rubrum and T. violaceum. Stud Mycol 2018; 89:153-175. [PMID: 29910521 PMCID: PMC6002342 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichophyton rubrum and T. violaceum are prevalent agents of human dermatophyte infections, the former being found on glabrous skin and nail, while the latter is confined to the scalp. The two species are phenotypically different but are highly similar phylogenetically. The taxonomy of dermatophytes is currently being reconsidered on the basis of molecular phylogeny. Molecular species definitions do not always coincide with existing concepts which are guided by ecological and clinical principles. In this article, we aim to bring phylogenetic and ecological data together in an attempt to develop new species concepts for anthropophilic dermatophytes. Focus is on the T. rubrum complex with analysis of rDNA ITS supplemented with LSU, TUB2, TEF3 and ribosomal protein L10 gene sequences. In order to explore genomic differences between T. rubrum and T. violaceum, one representative for both species was whole genome sequenced. Draft sequences were compared with currently available dermatophyte genomes. Potential virulence factors of adhesins and secreted proteases were predicted and compared phylogenetically. General phylogeny showed clear gaps between geophilic species of Arthroderma, but multilocus distances between species were often very small in the derived anthropophilic and zoophilic genus Trichophyton. Significant genome conservation between T. rubrum and T. violaceum was observed, with a high similarity at the nucleic acid level of 99.38 % identity. Trichophyton violaceum contains more paralogs than T. rubrum. About 30 adhesion genes were predicted among dermatophytes. Seventeen adhesins were common between T. rubrum and T. violaceum, while four were specific for the former and eight for the latter. Phylogenetic analysis of secreted proteases reveals considerable expansion and conservation among the analyzed species. Multilocus phylogeny and genome comparison of T. rubrum and T. violaceum underlined their close affinity. The possibility that they represent a single species exhibiting different phenotypes due to different localizations on the human body is discussed.
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Usefulness of diffusion-tensor MRI in the diagnosis of Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease: a valuable tool to differentiate between them? Clin Radiol 2017; 72:610.e9-610.e15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Effects of zoledronic acid on bone fusion in osteoporotic patients after lumbar fusion. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1469-1476. [PMID: 26556733 PMCID: PMC4792656 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3398-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Treatment with zoledronic acid in osteoporotic patients with spinal fusion shortens the duration of time to fusion, improves the fusion rate, prevents the subsequent adjacent vertebral compression fractures, improves the clinical outcomes, and prevents immobilization-induced bone loss in the hip. INTRODUCTION The objective of the study was to explore the effects of zoledronic acid on the healing process in osteoporotic patients following spinal fusion in a randomized, placebo-controlled, and triple-blinded study. METHODS Seventy-nine osteoporotic patients with single-level degenerative spondylolisthesis were randomly assigned to receive either zoledronic acid infusion (zoledronic acid group) or saline infusion (controls) after spinal fusion. Functional radiography and CT scans were used to evaluate fusion status. Bone formation was graded into three categories: Grade A (bridging bone bonding with adjacent vertebral bodies), Grade B (bridging bone bonding with either superior or inferior vertebral body), or Grade C (incomplete bony bridging). A solid fusion was defined as less than 5° of angular motion with Grade A or B bone formation. Adjacent vertebral compression fractures (VCF) were assessed on MRI at 12 months after surgery. Serum level of carboxy terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) and amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) was measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DXA. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used to assess the clinical outcomes. RESULTS Grade A or B bridging bone was more frequently observed in zoledronic acid group at 3, 6, and 9 months post-operation compared to the control group (p < 0.05). At 12 -months post-operation, bridging bone and solid fusion were not significantly different between groups. No patients in zoledronic acid group showed aVCF, whereas six patients (17 %) in the control group did (p < 0.05). Both β-CTX and PINP were suppressed in zoledronic acid group. BMD at the femoral neck decreased rapidly and did not return to the preoperative level in the controls at 3 (-1.4 %), 6 (-2.5 %), and 12 (-0.8 %) months after surgery. Zoledronic acid prevented this immobilization-induced bone loss and increased BMD. ODI showed the improved clinical outcomes compared with controls at 9 and 12 months post-surgery. CONCLUSION Treatment with zoledronic acid in osteoporotic patients with spinal fusion shortens the time to fusion, improves the fusion rate, prevents subsequent aVCFs, and improves clinical outcomes.
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An Integrative Analysis of the Putative Gefitinib-Resistant Genes in a Lung Cancer Cell Line Model System. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv043.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rapid large-scale culturing of microencapsulated hepatocytes: a promising approach for cell-based hepatic support. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:1649-57. [PMID: 24935342 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficacy of any bioartificial liver device requires both rapid production and proper bioactivity of the cells for the bioreactor. The goal of this study was to observe the effect of spinner speed and cell density on the proliferation of microencapsulated immortalized human hepatocytes (HepLL) and human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alginate-chitosan microcapsulated HepG2 and HepLL cells were randomly divided into 2 groups, and each group was further divided into 8 subgroups according to embedded cell density and spinner speed. The growth, metabolism, and functions of the encapsulated cells in each group were evaluated. RESULTS In each group, the cell number, ammonium removal, albumin synthesis, and diazepam clearance increased significantly with the spinner speed, whereas embedded cell density had no impact. Albumin synthesis, removal of ammonium, and diazepam clearance were significantly higher in the microencapsulated HepLL groups than in HepG2 cells at any time point, without any significant difference in cell numbers. CONCLUSIONS Spinner culture significantly promoted microencapsulated HepLL and HepG2 cell bioactivity. Wrapped cells had optimal function on day 10 in rolling culture groups. These data show that HepLL cells would be a promising candidate for cell-based liver support therapy.
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Visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer and its preliminary results from the Chang'E 3 project. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:083104. [PMID: 25173243 DOI: 10.1063/1.4891865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to conduct lunar surface mineral composition studies and content analysis, the Visible and Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer (VNIS), one of the scientific payloads of the Chang'E 3 Yutu rover, has been developed to detect lunar surface objects and to obtain their reflectance spectra and geometric images. This is achieved with a 45° visual angle and at a height of 0.69 m. VNIS is equipped with a lunar surface calibration function, and the spectral range is 0.45-2.40 μm with a spectral resolution of 2-12 nm. It is capable of synchronously acquiring the full spectrum of lunar surface objects and in situ calibration. Here, we describe the VNIS and explain the preliminary results of the lunar surface exploration and calibration, which provides valuable information for scientific data processing and applications.
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Antioxidative and Hepatoprotective Activities of Deinoxanthin-Rich Extract from Deinococcus radiodurans R1 against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. TROP J PHARM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Does surgery influence the outcome of Aspergillus osteomyelitis? Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:O788. [PMID: 24666933 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Multiple compounds determination and fingerprint analysis ofAgrimonia pilosaLedeb by high-performance liquid chromatography. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.26.2014.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Propofol protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in cardiac H9c2 cells is associated with the NF-κB activation and PUMA expression. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2014; 18:1517-1524. [PMID: 24899612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Treatment with propofol has been found to attenuate oxidative stress injury in rat cardiac cells through the inhibition of programmed cell death. However, the underlying mechanism of this beneficial effect is not clear. Previous studies showed NF-κB (NF-κB) could be activated after oxidative stress in cardiac cells, and p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) is a direct target of NF-κB and mediates oxidative stress -induced apoptosis. Here, we report that propofol protects cardiac H9c2 cells from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis by preventing the activation of NF-κB and PUMA upregulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first determined NF-κB activity, PUMA expression, proliferation and apoptosis after hydrogen peroxide treatment of the H9c2 cell line using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), western blot assay, MTT and annexin V/PI assay. We, then, examined the effect of inhibition of NF-κB activity on the PUMA expression and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis.We next examined the effect of inhibition of PUMA on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis. In the end, we examined the effect of propofol pretreatment on NF-κB activity, PUMA expression and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis. RESULTS We show that H2O2 treatment led to increases in NF-κB activity, PUMA protein levels in cardiac H9c2 cells. The induction of PUMA was mediated by the p65 component of NF-κB. The apoptotic effect of PUMA induction by H2O2 was in an NF-κB-dependent manner. We, further, demonstrate that pretreatment with propofol significantly decreased H2O2-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, propofol inhibits H2O2 induced NF-κB activity and subsequent PUMA expression. CONCLUSIONS our results reveal a new mechanism by which propofol inhibits H2O2-induced injury in cardiac H9c2 cells via decreasing NF-κB activation and PUMA expression. This inhibition improves cell survival, which provides a novel explanation for the pleiotropic effects of propofol that benefit the cardiac cells.
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Effect of triptolide on malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in vitro and in vivo. J Int Med Res 2013; 40:2284-94. [PMID: 23321185 DOI: 10.1177/030006051204000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) are invasive, hard-to-treat, soft tissue sarcomas. In this study, in vitro and in vivo effects of triptolide were investigated using human MPNST cell lines. METHODS Cultured STS-26T and ST88-14 cells were treated with 0-100 ng/ml triptolide (for determination of cell proliferation by sulphorhodamine B assay), with 12.5 ng/ml or 25 ng/ml triptolide (for analysis of caspase activity, effects on apoptotic pathway intermediates [by Western blots and flow cytometry], and for measurement of vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR] levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). A xenograft model was established by injection of STS-26T cells into nude mice, and the effects of 250 μg/kg triptolide on tumour growth and apoptosis were compared with controls. RESULTS Triptolide significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro, through activation of caspases, in a dose- and time-dependent manner; VEGF and EGFR levels were suppressed. In vivo, triptolide inhibited the growth of STS-26T xenografts and reduced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Triptolide may have a therapeutic benefit in MPNST treatment.
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Correlation of C-reactive protein level and obesity in Chinese adults and children: a meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:642-7. [PMID: 23765545 DOI: 10.3275/9004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis evaluated the correlations between C-reactive protein (CRP) and obesity in Chinese adults and children. We searched three Chinese databases [Wanfang, WEIPU, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)] in addition to PubMed. The search was restricted to only Chinese studies published online before January 9, 2013. Data from 28 articles were independently abstracted by two reviewers. The articles' characteristics were abstracted as follows: 1) first author name; 2) year of publication; 3) study population; 4) sample size; 5) sex, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and CRP level of the study population; 6) Pearson correlation coefficients, Spearman correlation coefficients, or odds ratios between CRP level and obesity. The metaanalysis was conducted to pool the Pearson correlation coefficients using a random-effects model. The pooled Pearson correlation coefficient between CRP and BMI was 0.45 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33-0.56] in Chinese adults and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.31-0.62) in Chinese children, and the pooled Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.32 (95% CI: 0.24-0.40) in the general Chinese population and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.42-0.64) in the obese Chinese population. Significant correlation was thus found between CRP and obesity in Chinese adults and children.
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Quantification of hepatitis B surface antigen and E antigen: correlation between Elecsys and architect assays. J Viral Hepat 2013; 20:422-9. [PMID: 23647959 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and their change model during treatment are emerging as a useful tool for assessing the outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and predicting the efficacy of antiviral therapy. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the Elecsys and Architect assays for HBsAg and HBeAg quantification. Quantification of HBsAg and HBeAg, determined by these two assays, were assessed in 1292 sera from patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB). HBeAg quantification in serum was performed by calibrating the results through HBeAg Paul-Ehrlich international (PEI) reference standard. The HBV genotype was determined by direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Of 1292 samples, the distribution of genotype was 514 (39.78%) genotype B, 776 (60.06%) genotype C, 2 (0.16%) genotype D. The results of HBsAg and HBeAg quantification between the Architect and Elecsys assays were significantly correlated (HBsAg: r = 0.939; HBeAg: r = 0.987), independent of HBV genotype and treatment phase. The mean differences between the two methods (the log10 [Elecsys] - the log10 [Architect]) were 0.075 log10 IU/mL and -0.149 log10 PE IU/mL in quantifying HBsAg and HBeAg, respectively. This study demonstrates a high correlation between the Elecsys and the Architect assays in quantifying HBsAg and HBeAg, regardless of HBV genotype. Both the two assays can be used to monitor the HBsAg and HBeAg levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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Influence of temperature and storage duration on measurement of activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimers, fibrinogen, prothrombin time and thrombin time, in citrate-anticoagulated whole blood specimens. Int J Lab Hematol 2013; 35:566-70. [PMID: 23718185 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Virological and molecular characterization of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus strains from Xinjiang, China. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 31:53-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Establishment and Characterization of Immortalized Porcine Hepatocytes for the Study of Hepatocyte Xenotransplantation. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:1899-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Implementation of Bytecode-based Software Watermarking for Java Programs. INFORMATICS-BASEL 2010. [DOI: 10.2316/p.2010.726-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
In this paper, we investigate knowledge reasoning within a simple framework called knowledge structure. We use variable forgetting as a basic operation for one agent to reason about its own or other agents\' knowledge. In our framework, two notions namely agents\' observable variables and the weakest sufficient condition play important roles in knowledge reasoning. Given a background knowledge base and a set of observable variables for each agent, we show that the notion of an agent knowing a formula can be defined as a weakest sufficient condition of the formula under background knowledge base. Moreover, we show how to capture the notion of common knowledge by using a generalized notion of weakest sufficient condition. Also, we show that public announcement operator can be conveniently dealt with via our notion of knowledge structure. Further, we explore the computational complexity of the problem whether an epistemic formula is realized in a knowledge structure. In the general case, this problem is PSPACE-hard; however, for some interesting subcases, it can be reduced to co-NP. Finally, we discuss possible applications of our framework in some interesting domains such as the automated analysis of the well-known muddy children puzzle and the verification of the revised Needham-Schroeder protocol. We believe that there are many scenarios where the natural presentation of the available information about knowledge is under the form of a knowledge structure. What makes it valuable compared with the corresponding multi-agent S5 Kripke structure is that it can be much more succinct.
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Protothecosis successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines. Fallbericht. Protothecose erfolgreich mit Amikacin plus Tetracyclinen behandelt. Mycoses 2004; 47:156-8. [PMID: 15078433 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0507.2003.00955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary We report a case of protothecosis in an 18-year-old female student caused by Prototheca zopfii successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines. Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Protothecose, verursacht durch Prototheca zopfii, bei einer 18-jährigen Studentin berichtet, die erfolgreich mit Amikacin in Kombination mit Tetracyclinen behandelt wurde.
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