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Patel N, Alkuraya H, Alzahrani SS, Nowailaty SR, Seidahmed MZ, Alhemidan A, Ben-Omran T, Ghazi NG, Al-Aqeel A, Al-Owain M, Alzaidan HI, Faqeih E, Kurdi W, Rahbeeni Z, Ibrahim N, Abdulwahab F, Hashem M, Shaheen R, Abouelhoda M, Monies D, Khan AO, Aldahmesh MA, Alkuraya FS. Mutations in known disease genes account for the majority of autosomal recessive retinal dystrophies. Clin Genet 2018; 94:554-563. [PMID: 30054919 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Retinal dystrophies (RDs) are hereditary blinding eye conditions that are highly variable in their clinical presentation. The remarkable genetic heterogeneity that characterizes RD was a major challenge in establishing the molecular diagnosis in these patients until the recent advent of next-generation sequencing. It remains unclear, however, what percentage of autosomal recessive RD remain undiagnosed when all established RD genes are sequenced. We enrolled 75 families in which RD segregates in an apparently autosomal recessive manner. We show that the yield of a multigene panel that contains known RD genes is 67.5%. The higher yield (82.3%) when whole exome sequencing was implemented instead was often due to hits in genes that were not included in the original design of the panel. We also show the value of homozygosity mapping even during the era of exome sequencing in uncovering cryptic mutations. In total, we describe 45 unique likely deleterious variants (of which 18 are novel including one deep intronic and one genomic deletion mutation). Our study suggests that the genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive RD is approaching saturation and that any new RD genes will probably account for only a minor role in the mutation burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Patel
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Alkuraya
- Global Eye Care, Specialized Medical Center Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S S Alzahrani
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S R Nowailaty
- Vitreoretinal Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Z Seidahmed
- Pediatric Department, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alhemidan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Ben-Omran
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - N G Ghazi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lebanese American University, Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A Al-Aqeel
- Department of Pediatric, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Al-Owain
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H I Alzaidan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Faqeih
- Section of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Children's Specialist Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - W Kurdi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z Rahbeeni
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Ibrahim
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F Abdulwahab
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Hashem
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Shaheen
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Abouelhoda
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Project, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Monies
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Project, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A O Khan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - M A Aldahmesh
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Project, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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