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Farhadi F, Barnes MR, Sugito HR, Sin JM, Henderson ER, Levy JJ. Applications of artificial intelligence in orthopaedic surgery. Front Med Technol 2022; 4:995526. [PMID: 36590152 PMCID: PMC9797865 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.995526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The practice of medicine is rapidly transforming as a result of technological breakthroughs. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are becoming more and more relevant in medicine and orthopaedic surgery as a result of the nearly exponential growth in computer processing power, cloud based computing, and development, and refining of medical-task specific software algorithms. Because of the extensive role of technologies such as medical imaging that bring high sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative prognostic value to management of orthopaedic disorders, the field is particularly ripe for the application of machine-based integration of imaging studies, among other applications. Through this review, we seek to promote awareness in the orthopaedics community of the current accomplishments and projected uses of AI and ML as described in the literature. We summarize the current state of the art in the use of ML and AI in five key orthopaedic disciplines: joint reconstruction, spine, orthopaedic oncology, trauma, and sports medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Farhadi
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States,Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, United States,Correspondence: Faraz Farhadi Joshua J. Levy
| | - Matthew R. Barnes
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Harun R. Sugito
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Jessica M. Sin
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, United States
| | - Eric R. Henderson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, United States
| | - Joshua J. Levy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States,Correspondence: Faraz Farhadi Joshua J. Levy
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Liu DS, Abu-Shaban K, Sugito HR, Kulkarni V, Kikyo F, Gupta Y, Elsamaloty H. Assessment of United States Radiology Residency Program Websites in the COVID-19 Era. J Am Coll Radiol 2022; 19:1170-1176. [PMID: 35709976 PMCID: PMC9167846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To provide an updated evaluation of radiology residency program websites in light of virtual interviewing during the COVID-19 pandemic and encourage programs to improve the quality of their online website presence. Methods We evaluated the websites of 197 US radiology residency programs between November and December 2021 for the presence or absence of 30 metrics. The metrics chosen are those considered important by applicants when choosing a program and have been used in other similar papers. Results Of the 197 programs, 192 (97.5%) had working websites. The average radiology residency website had 16 of 30 (54%) metrics listed on their websites. Five programs did not have accessible websites and were not included in the analysis. The most comprehensive website had 29 of 30 (97%) of metrics listed and the least comprehensive website had 2 of 30 (7%). There is a statistically significant difference in website comprehensiveness between top 20 and non–top 20 radiology program websites. Conclusion Although radiology residency program websites have generally become more comprehensive over time, there is still room for improvement, especially in times of virtual interviews when residency applicants are becoming more and more reliant on program websites to gain essential information about a program. Some key areas to include are diversity and inclusion initiatives, resident wellness, applicant information, program benefits, and showcase of people in the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Liu
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio.
| | - Kamil Abu-Shaban
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Harun R Sugito
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | | | - Fumitaka Kikyo
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Yasha Gupta
- Radiology Chief Resident (R4), Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Vice Chair of the Resident & Fellow Section at ACR
| | - Haitham Elsamaloty
- Chair of Radiology Department, University of Toledo Medical Center, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
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Kwan BH, Zhu EF, Tzeng A, Sugito HR, Eltahir AA, Ma B, Delaney MK, Murphy PA, Kauke MJ, Angelini A, Momin N, Mehta NK, Maragh AM, Hynes RO, Dranoff G, Cochran JR, Wittrup KD. Integrin-targeted cancer immunotherapy elicits protective adaptive immune responses. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1679-1690. [PMID: 28473400 PMCID: PMC5460993 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin targeting for cancer has primarily focused on antagonizing integrin function, which has been clinically ineffective to date. In this study, Kwan et al. repurpose integrins as a beacon for recruiting immune effector functions to bolster current cancer immunotherapy approaches. Certain RGD-binding integrins are required for cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation and are overexpressed in most tumors, making them attractive therapeutic targets. However, multiple integrin antagonist drug candidates have failed to show efficacy in cancer clinical trials. In this work, we instead exploit these integrins as a target for antibody Fc effector functions in the context of cancer immunotherapy. By combining administration of an engineered mouse serum albumin/IL-2 fusion with an Fc fusion to an integrin-binding peptide (2.5F-Fc), significant survival improvements are achieved in three syngeneic mouse tumor models, including complete responses with protective immunity. Functional integrin antagonism does not contribute significantly to efficacy; rather, this therapy recruits both an innate and adaptive immune response, as deficiencies in either arm result in reduced tumor control. Administration of this integrin-targeted immunotherapy together with an anti–PD-1 antibody further improves responses and predominantly results in cures. Overall, this well-tolerated therapy achieves tumor specificity by redirecting inflammation to a functional target fundamental to tumorigenic processes but expressed at significantly lower levels in healthy tissues, and it shows promise for translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron H Kwan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Eric F Zhu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Alice Tzeng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Harun R Sugito
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Ahmed A Eltahir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Botong Ma
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Mary K Delaney
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Patrick A Murphy
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Monique J Kauke
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Alessandro Angelini
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Noor Momin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Naveen K Mehta
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Alecia M Maragh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Richard O Hynes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jennifer R Cochran
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 .,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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