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Yaghootkar H, Zhang Y, Spracklen CN, Karaderi T, Huang LO, Bradfield J, Schurmann C, Fine RS, Preuss MH, Kutalik Z, Wittemans LBL, Lu Y, Metz S, Willems SM, Li-Gao R, Grarup N, Wang S, Molnos S, Sandoval-Zárate AA, Nalls MA, Lange LA, Haesser J, Guo X, Lyytikäinen LP, Feitosa MF, Sitlani CM, Venturini C, Mahajan A, Kacprowski T, Wang CA, Chasman DI, Amin N, Broer L, Robertson N, Young KL, Allison M, Auer PL, Blüher M, Borja JB, Bork-Jensen J, Carrasquilla GD, Christofidou P, Demirkan A, Doege CA, Garcia ME, Graff M, Guo K, Hakonarson H, Hong J, Ida Chen YD, Jackson R, Jakupović H, Jousilahti P, Justice AE, Kähönen M, Kizer JR, Kriebel J, LeDuc CA, Li J, Lind L, Luan J, Mackey DA, Mangino M, Männistö S, Martin Carli JF, Medina-Gomez C, Mook-Kanamori DO, Morris AP, de Mutsert R, Nauck M, Prokic I, Pennell CE, Pradhan AD, Psaty BM, Raitakari OT, Scott RA, Skaaby T, Strauch K, Taylor KD, Teumer A, Uitterlinden AG, Wu Y, Yao J, Walker M, North KE, Kovacs P, Ikram MA, van Duijn CM, Ridker PM, Lye S, Homuth G, Ingelsson E, Spector TD, McKnight B, Province MA, Lehtimäki T, Adair LS, Rotter JI, Reiner AP, Wilson JG, Harris TB, Ripatti S, Grallert H, Meigs JB, Salomaa V, Hansen T, Willems van Dijk K, Wareham NJ, Grant SFA, Langenberg C, Frayling TM, Lindgren CM, Mohlke KL, Leibel RL, Loos RJF, Kilpeläinen TO. Genetic Studies of Leptin Concentrations Implicate Leptin in the Regulation of Early Adiposity. Diabetes 2020; 69:2806-2818. [PMID: 32917775 PMCID: PMC7679778 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Leptin influences food intake by informing the brain about the status of body fat stores. Rare LEP mutations associated with congenital leptin deficiency cause severe early-onset obesity that can be mitigated by administering leptin. However, the role of genetic regulation of leptin in polygenic obesity remains poorly understood. We performed an exome-based analysis in up to 57,232 individuals of diverse ancestries to identify genetic variants that influence adiposity-adjusted leptin concentrations. We identify five novel variants, including four missense variants, in LEP, ZNF800, KLHL31, and ACTL9, and one intergenic variant near KLF14. The missense variant Val94Met (rs17151919) in LEP was common in individuals of African ancestry only, and its association with lower leptin concentrations was specific to this ancestry (P = 2 × 10-16, n = 3,901). Using in vitro analyses, we show that the Met94 allele decreases leptin secretion. We also show that the Met94 allele is associated with higher BMI in young African-ancestry children but not in adults, suggesting that leptin regulates early adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K.
- Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, U.K
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Tugce Karaderi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DTU Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lam Opal Huang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Quantinuum Research LLC, San Diego, CA
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Rebecca S Fine
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura B L Wittemans
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, and Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Sophia Metz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara M Willems
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Sophie Molnos
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, CO
| | - Jeffrey Haesser
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Colleen M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Cristina Venturini
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, U.K
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carol A Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Neil Robertson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Paul L Auer
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Judith B Borja
- Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Germán D Carrasquilla
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia A Doege
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Melissa E Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kaiying Guo
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jaeyoung Hong
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Rebecca Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Hermina Jakupović
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne E Justice
- Center for Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger, Danville, PA
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jennifer Kriebel
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Charles A LeDuc
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Jin Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, West Australia, Australia
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, U.K
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jayne F Martin Carli
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Nauck
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ivana Prokic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Craig E Pennell
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Arund D Pradhan
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Tea Skaaby
- Center for Clinical Research and Disease Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Insitute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen Lye
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, U.K
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Linda S Adair
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harald Grallert
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - James B Meigs
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Program in Population and Medical Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, U.K
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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