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Ku HJ, Kim JH, Choe YJ, Choe SA, Zonfrillo MR. Assessing the impact and implications of the revised Act on the Aggravated Punishment of Specific Crimes in preventing child traffic injuries in school zones in Korea: an interrupted time series analysis. Epidemiol Health 2024; 46:e2024032. [PMID: 38453334 PMCID: PMC11099565 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2024032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2019, a child's death in Korea led to legislation that imposed stricter penalties for school zone traffic violations. We assessed the impact of that legislation using 2017-2022 Traffic Accident Analysis System data. Adjusted analyses revealed a significant decline in severe injuries in school zones, decreasing from 11 cases to 8 cases per month (p=0.017). The legislation correlated with a reduced risk of all child traffic injuries (risk ratio, 0.987; 95% confidence interval, 0.977 to 0.997; p=0.002), indicating its efficacy in curbing accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jin Ku
- Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young June Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Mark R. Zonfrillo
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Lee S, Ahn SH, Jung KS, Kim DY, Kim BK, Kim SU, Baatarkhuu O, Ku HJ, Han K, Park JY. Tenofovir versus tenofovir plus entecavir for chronic hepatitis B with lamivudine resistance and entecavir resistance. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24:141-147. [PMID: 27766731 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We compared the viral suppressive efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) mono-rescue therapy (TDF group) and TDF plus entecavir (ETV) combination-rescue therapy (TDF + ETV group) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with lamivudine resistance and entecavir resistance. One hundred and thirty-three CHB patients with lamivudine and entecavir resistance were investigated. Ninety-six patients were treated with TDF and 37 with TDF + ETV for at least 6 months. We compared the virologic response rate (HBV DNA level <20 IU/mL) between the two groups and identified the predictive factors of treatment outcome. There were no significant differences between the two groups in demographic characteristics. Up to 24 months [median: 18 (range 6-24) months], 85.4% and 89.2% of the TDF group and TDF + ETV group, respectively, achieved a virologic response (P=.068). Only the HBV DNA level at baseline was significantly associated with a virologic response in the multivariate analysis. In a subanalysis of patients with HBV DNA levels ≥4 log (IU/mL) at baseline, a higher proportion of patients in the TDF + ETV group than the TDF group achieved a virologic response (92.9% vs 68.3%; P<.001), while 90% of patients with HBV DNA (IU/mL) levels <4 log in all both TDF and TDF + ETV groups achieved a virologic response. TDF mono-rescue therapy is a reasonable option in patients with lamivudine resistance and entecavir resistance. However, the combination strategy should be considered in patients with high baseline HBV DNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, Korea.,Institute for Integrative Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, Korea
| | - S H Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K S Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D Y Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S U Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - O Baatarkhuu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - H J Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jin C, Jung I, Ku HJ, Yook J, Kim DH, Kim M, Cho JH, Oh CH. Low convulsive activity of a new carbapenem antibiotic, DK-35C, as compared with existing congeners. Toxicology 1999; 138:59-67. [PMID: 10576583 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(99)00078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Since carbapenems and cephalosporins have been suggested to induce convulsive side effects through an inhibitory action on the central gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibitory transmission, the present study evaluated the convulsive activity of a new carbapenem antibiotic (1R,5S,6S)-6[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-[(3S,5S)-5(S-methyl-4thiomorpholin ylcarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-thio]-l-methylcarbapen-2-em-3- carboxylic acid (DK-35C) in in vitro and in vivo experiments, in comparison with cefazolin, imipenem and meropenem. In in vitro experiments, their abilities to inhibit [3H]muscimol (5 nM) binding to GABA(A) receptors were measured using crude synaptic membranes prepared from the rat cerebral cortex. The concentrations (mM) of the antibiotics which inhibit 50% of the specific binding, were 0.6 for imipenem, 1.8 for cefazolin, 15.4 for DK-35C and 27.6 for meropenem. In in vivo experiments, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of cefazolin, imipenem and DK-35C induced convulsions in a dose-dependent manner in rats. The doses (nmol/rat) of the antibiotics which induce convulsions in 50% of rats, were 57 for imipenem, 96 for cefazolin, 377 for DK-35C and >3000 for meropenem. In the mouse pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) convulsive model, intravenous pretreatment with cefazolin (800 mg/kg) or imipenem (200 mg/kg) shifted the dose-response curve of PTZ (i.p.) to the left, indicating enhancement of the convulsive activity of PTZ. However, pretreatment with cefazolin, meropenem or DK-35C at a dose of 400 mg/kg did not produce any marked effects on the convulsive activity of PTZ compared with the saline vehicle-pretreated control. The results clearly demonstrate a good correlation between in vitro GABA(A) receptor binding assay and in vivo i.c.v. convulsive model using rats, and suggest that DK-35C may possess a relatively weak convulsive activity mediated through an interaction with GABA(A) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jin
- Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
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