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Toward Computational Screening of Bimetallic Alloys for Methane Activation: A Case Study of MgPt Alloy. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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2
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Mechanistic Insights into the Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Alkynes on Pt–Pd Electrocatalysts in a Proton-Exchange Membrane Reactor. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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3
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Development of Highly Active Silica-Supported Nickel Phosphide Catalysts for Direct Dehydrogenative Conversion of Methane to Higher Hydrocarbons. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03612-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Direct epoxidation of propylene with water at a PtOx anode using a solid-polymer-electrolyte electrolysis cell. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01888d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Direct electro-epoxidation of C3H6 with water was achieved using a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) electrolysis cell.
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X-ray absorption fine structure studies on nickel phosphide catalysts for the non-oxidative coupling of methane reaction using a theoretical model. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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One-step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Unsupported Nickel Phosphide Catalyst for Direct Dehydrogenative Conversion of Methane to Hydrocarbons. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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7
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Mechanochemical Route for Preparation of MFI-Type Zeolites Containing Highly Dispersed and Small Ce Species and Catalytic Application to Low-Temperature Oxidative Coupling of Methane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Catalytic Mechanism of Liquid-Metal Indium for Direct Dehydrogenative Conversion of Methane to Higher Hydrocarbons. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28158-28167. [PMID: 33163798 PMCID: PMC7643202 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a great interest in direct conversion of methane to valuable chemicals. Recently, we reported that silica-supported liquid-metal indium catalysts (In/SiO2) were effective for direct dehydrogenative conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons. However, the catalytic mechanism of liquid-metal indium has not been clear. Here, we show the catalytic mechanism of the In/SiO2 catalyst in terms of both experiments and calculations in detail. Kinetic studies clearly show that liquid-metal indium activates a C-H bond of methane and converts methane to ethane. The apparent activation energy of the In/SiO2 catalyst is 170 kJ mol-1, which is much lower than that of SiO2, 365 kJ mol-1. Temperature-programmed reactions in CH4, C2H6, and C2H4 and reactivity of C2H6 for the In/SiO2 catalyst indicate that indium selectively activates methane among hydrocarbons. In addition, density functional theory calculations and first-principles molecular dynamics calculations were performed to evaluate activation free energy for methane activation, its reverse reaction, CH3-CH3 coupling via Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) and Eley-Rideal mechanisms, and other side reactions. A qualitative level of interpretation is as follows. CH3-In and H-In species form after the activation of methane. The CH3-In species wander on liquid-metal indium surfaces and couple each other with ethane via the LH mechanism. The solubility of H species into the bulk phase of In is important to enhance the coupling of CH3-In species to C2H6 by decreasing the formation of CH4 though the coupling of CH3-In species and H-In species. Results of isotope experiments by combinations of CD4, CH4, D2, and H2 corresponded to the LH mechanism.
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The Active Center of Co-N-C Electrocatalysts for the Selective Reduction of CO 2 to CO Using a Nafion-H Electrolyte in the Gas Phase. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19453-19463. [PMID: 32803039 PMCID: PMC7424585 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To contribute a solution for the global warming problem, the selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO was studied in the gas phase using a [CO2(g), Co-N-C cathode | Nafion-H | Pt/C anode, H2/water] system without using carbonate solutions. The Co-N-C electrocatalysts were synthesized by partial pyrolysis of precursors in inert gas, which were prepared from various N-bidentate ligands, Co(NO3)2, and Ketjenblack (KB). The most active electrocatalyst was Co-(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)/KB pyrolyzed at 673 K, denoted Co-4,4'-dmbpy/KB(673K). A high performance of CO formation (331 μmol h-1 cm-2, 217 TOF h-1) at 0.020 A cm-2 with 78% current efficiency was obtained at -0.75 V (SHE) and 273 K under strong acidic conditions of Nafion-H. Characterization studies using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray (TEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature-programmed desorption with mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) indicated the active site as Co coordinated with four N atoms bonding the surface of KB, abbreviated Co-N4-C x structure. A model of the reduction mechanism of CO2 on the active site was proposed.
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Disposition of Iridium on Ruthenium Nanoparticle Supported on Ketjenblack: Enhancement in Electrocatalytic Activity toward the Electrohydrogenation of Toluene to Methylcyclohexane. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1221-1228. [PMID: 31984280 PMCID: PMC6977208 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrohydrogenation of toluene (TL) to methylcyclohexane (MCH) has been recognized as a promising technology for the hydrogenation process in the organic hydride hydrogen storage system. Recently, we found that the Ketjenblack (KB)-supported Ru-Ir alloy electrocatalyst showed a high electrocatalytic activity for the electrohydrogenation of TL to MCH, and there was the synergy of Ir electrocatalysis for the formation of adsorbed hydrogen species (Had) (H+ + e- → Had) and Ru catalysis for hydrogenation of TL (6Had + TL → MCH). In this paper, the Ir-modified Ru nanoparticle supported on KB (Ir/Ru/KB) electrocatalyst was synthesized by using a modified spontaneous deposition method. The method enables to control the surface structure of Ru-Ir nanoparticles. The Ir/Ru/KB cathode showed higher electrohydrogenation activity than the Ru-Ir alloy/KB cathodes even at lower loadings of precious Ir. Characterization studies using a scanning-transmission electron microscope with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer and X-ray absorption fine structure proved selective and uniform modification of Ru nanoparticle with Ir. Cyclic voltammetry measurements in H2SO4 aqueous solution indicated higher electrochemical active surface areas of Ir at the Ir/Ru/KB electrocatalysts than that at the Ru-Ir alloy/KB electrocatalysts, which is the reason for the strong synergy of Ru and Ir for the electrohydrogenation of TL to MCH.
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11
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Effect of Steam on Direct Oxidation of Methane over Pd-Ni Electrocatalyst Supported on Lanthanum Chromite Anode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2729286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Direct Nonoxidative Conversion of Methane to Higher Hydrocarbons over Silica-Supported Nickel Phosphide Catalyst. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Theoretical Study on the C-H Activation of Methane by Liquid Metal Indium: Catalytic Activity of Small Indium Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8907-8912. [PMID: 31535858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of C-H activation of methane by liquid indium, which is the first step of the dehydrogenative conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons, was investigated using density functional theory calculations. In the first-principle molecular dynamics trajectory at the experimental temperature (1200 K), low-coordinated indium atoms continuously appear on the disordered liquid surface. The C-H cleavage is endothermic on clean surfaces, while the low-coordinated indium atoms reduce the endothermicity significantly. In small indium clusters, which are models of low-coordinated atoms on a surface, the calculated activation energy is much smaller than that on the clean surface. The energy level of the methane C-H σ* orbital is reduced by the interaction with the indium 5pσ orbitals. In2 shows the lowest activation energy and exothermicity in the C-H bond cleavage.
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Metamorphosis-like Transformation during Activation of In/SiO 2 Catalyst for Non-oxidative Coupling of Methane: In Situ X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Analysis. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Synergy of Ru and Ir in the Electrohydrogenation of Toluene to Methylcyclohexane on a Ketjenblack-Supported Ru-Ir Alloy Cathode. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Erratum to: Effects of Carbon Supports on Ru Electrocatalysis for the Electrohydrogenation of Toluene to Methylcyclohexane. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-017-0422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Effects of Carbon Supports on Ru Electrocatalysis for the Electrohydrogenation of Toluene to Methylcyclohexane. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-017-0409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Liquid-Metal Indium Catalysis for Direct Dehydrogenative Conversion of Methane to Higher Hydrocarbons. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Selective Electrohydrogenation of Toluene to Methylcyclohexane Using Carbon-Supported Non-Platinum Electrocatalysts in the Hydrogen Storage System. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201602070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
to CO by a Co-N-C Electrocatalyst and PEM Reactor at Ambient Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Electrosynthesis of diphenyl carbonate by homogeneous Pd electrocatalysts using Au nanoparticles on graphene as efficient anodes. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00400h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical carbonylation of phenol (PhOH) with CO (1 atm) to form diphenyl carbonate (DPC) was studied by using a Pd-(in situ NHC) electrocatalyst and graphene-supported Au nanoparticle (Au NPs/GR) anodes.
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Garcinia vilersiana bark extract activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 38:875-8. [PMID: 24213006 DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Garcinia vilersiana is a traditional medicinal plant in Vietnam. The petroleum ether extract of stem bark of Garcinia vilersiana (GVE) was prepared to evaluate its potential to activate Nrf2, a transcription factor of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. Exposure of mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells to GVE (0.625-2.5 µg/ml) resulted in a significant activation of Nrf2, as evaluated by nuclear accumulation of this transcription factor, and increased antioxidant response element (ARE) binding activity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. As a result, GVE caused ARE-dependent up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cells. These results suggest that GVE contains components that have the ability to activate the Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling pathway, leading to cellular protection.
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Invasion of brain by neurovirulent influenza A virus after intranasal inoculation. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012; 2:187-93. [PMID: 18591039 DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(96)00024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/1996] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined the immunohistochemical localization of neurovirulent influenza A virus (WSN and R404BP) in the brains and lungs of C3H/HeN and A2G mice 3 days after intranasal inoculation, as well as in A2G mice 3 days after intracerebral inoculation. The invasion of brain by R404BP virus was greater than that of WSN in both mouse strains. The areas of infection were less extensive in Mx gene(+) A2G mice than in the Mx gene(-) C3H/HeN mice, which is consistent with previous reports. Major involvement was seen in various catecholaminergic neurons, capillaries, meninges and ependymal areas. Olfactory and trigeminal nerves were not positive for the WSN antigen. These results show that, in the early phase of infection, influenza A virus invades, probably through hematogenous spread, and particularly affects catecholaminergic neurons.
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A fuel-cell reactor for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide alkaline solutions from H(2) and O(2). CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:494-501. [PMID: 21400665 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the type of fuel-cell reactors (undivided or divided by cation- and anion-exchange membranes), alkaline electrolytes (LiOH, NaOH, KOH), vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF) cathode components (additives: none, activated carbon, Valcan XC72, Black Pearls 2000, Seast-6, and Ketjen Black), and the flow rates of anolyte (0, 1.5, 12 mL h(-1)) and catholyte (0, 12 mL h(-1)) on the formation of hydrogen peroxide were studied. A divided fuel-cell system, O(2) (g)|VGCF-XC72 cathode|2 M NaOH catholyte|cation-exchange membrane (Nafion-117)|Pt/XC72-VGCF anode|2 M NaOH anolyte at 12 mL h(-1) flow|H(2) (g), was effective for the selective formation of hydrogen peroxide, with 130 mA cm(-2) , a 2 M aqueous solution of H(2)O(2)/NaOH, and a current efficiency of 95 % at atmospheric pressure and 298 K. The current and formation rate gradually decreased over a long period of time. The cause of the slow decrease in electrocatalytic performance was revealed and the decrease was stopped by a flow of catholyte. Cyclic voltammetry studies at the VGCF-XC72 electrode indicated that fast diffusion of O(2) from the gas phase to the electrode, and quick desorption of hydrogen peroxide from the electrode to the electrolyte were essential for the efficient formation of solutions of H(2)O(2)/NaOH.
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Direct synthesis of diphenyl carbonate by mediated electrocarbonylation of phenol at Pd2+-supported activated carbon anode. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Synergistic Decomposition of CO2 by Hybridization of a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor and a Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cell. KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.37.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Oxidation of alkane using Pt/Eu2O3/TiO2/SiO2 catalyst with O2 and H2 in acetic acid under mild conditions. Catal Today 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2010.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Direct Synthesis of Diphenyl Carbonate by Electrocarbonylation at a Pd2+-supported Anode. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Catalytic synthesis of neutral hydrogen peroxide at a CoN2Cx cathode of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). CHEMSUSCHEM 2010; 3:59-62. [PMID: 19918834 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200900246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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35
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Oxidation of adamantane with O2 catalysed by VO(acac)2 and reactivity of active species in acetic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Three-Dimensional Analysis of Carbon Nanofibers by Cross-sectional TEM Observations. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Direct synthesis of H2O2 acid solutions on carbon cathode prepared from activated carbon and vapor-growing-carbon-fiber by a H2/O2 fuel cell. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Catalytic synthesis of neutral H2O2 solutions from O2 and H2 by a fuel cell reaction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2008; 1:988-992. [PMID: 19009583 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200800176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether triamcinolone acetonide (TA) can facilitate residual posterior vitreous hyaloid removal in pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), we examined the ultrastructure of inner limiting membrane (ILM) removed in TA-assisted PPV for diabetic macular edema (DME). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this retrospective series of 38 eyes of 37 patients who underwent PPV and ILM removal for diffuse DME with posterior hyaloid attachment, 24 eyes underwent standard PPV without TA (control group), and 14 eyes underwent TA-assisted PPV (TA group). Excised ILMs during PPV were examined by transmission electron microscopy (control group, n = 20; TA group, n = 10) or scanning electron microscopy (control group, n = 4; TA group, n = 4). RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy clearly demonstrated that the ratio of the posterior vitreous hyaloid remaining on ILM was significantly lower (P = 0.0187) in the TA group than in the control group and also that TA-assisted PPV successfully removed posterior hyaloid in five of seven eyes with TA granules remaining on the retinal surface even after surgical separation of the posterior vitreous. Scanning electron microscopy enabled spatial analysis of the residual posterior hyaloid on ILM, which appeared in a patchy fashion in the control group. CONCLUSIONS TA-assisted PPV clearly demonstrated the residual posterior hyaloid on ILM and allowed more efficient removal of the posterior hyaloid than standard PPV.
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Electrocatalysis of Heat-treated Mn–Porphyrin/Carbon Cathode for Synthesis of H2O2Acid Solutions by H2/O2Fuel Cell Method. CHEM LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2006.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the pathogenesis of macular hole formation, focusing in particular on the possible role of cellular migration on the cortical vitreous and internal limiting membrane (ILM) around the macular hole. METHODS To gain a comprehensive overview of the ILM excised in macular hole surgery (n = 36), the ILMs were carefully unfolded and spread out onto glass slides as continuous flat sheets that each contained a macular hole. The specimens were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (n = 9), and the cellular distribution was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy in a quantitative manner (n = 27). Immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein and cytokeratin 18 was carried out for cellular characterization. Cellular proliferation was assessed by immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67. RESULTS Cellular migration was not apparent around the macular hole in the early stage of development of the macular hole (stage 2, 0 microm). As the macular hole passed through the later stages of development, cellular migration developed around the macular hole (stage 3, 84 microm) and the area of cellular migration gradually enlarged (stage 4, 420 microm). The immunophenotypic analysis showed that these cells were mainly glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive glial cells and cytokeratin 18-positive retinal pigment epithelial cells. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry showed that some of these cells were proliferating on the ILM. CONCLUSIONS Cellular migration on the ILM is not necessary for the initial formation of a macular break. Cellular migration developed after the macular break occurred, and the migration and proliferation increased gradually from the macular hole. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides a new method for understanding the ultrastructural analysis of the pathogenesis of the macular hole.
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Preface. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2006. [DOI: 10.1163/156856706777346453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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Active control of catalysis and product selectivity by a fuel cell system. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2006. [DOI: 10.1163/156856706777346534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Direct Oxidation of Methane by Pd–Ni Bimetallic Catalyst over Lanthanum Chromite Based Anode for SOFC. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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