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Thiele H, Freund A, Gimenez MR, de Waha-Thiele S, Akin I, Pöss J, Feistritzer HJ, Fuernau G, Graf T, Nef H, Hamm C, Böhm M, Lauten A, Schulze PC, Voigt I, Nordbeck P, Felix SB, Abel P, Baldus S, Laufs U, Lenk K, Landmesser U, Skurk C, Pieske B, Tschöpe C, Hennersdorf M, Wengenmayer T, Preusch M, Maier LS, Jung C, Kelm M, Clemmensen P, Westermann D, Seidler T, Schieffer B, Rassaf T, Mahabadi AA, Vasa-Nicotera M, Meincke F, Seyfarth M, Kersten A, Rottbauer W, Boekstegers P, Muellenbach R, Dengler T, Kadel C, Schempf B, Karagiannidis C, Hopf HB, Lehmann R, Bufe A, Baumanns S, Öner A, Linke A, Sedding D, Ferrari M, Bruch L, Goldmann B, John S, Möllmann H, Franz J, Lapp H, Lauten P, Noc M, Goslar T, Oerlecke I, Ouarrak T, Schneider S, Desch S, Zeymer U. Extracorporeal life support in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock - Design and rationale of the ECLS-SHOCK trial. Am Heart J 2021; 234:1-11. [PMID: 33428901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock the use of mechanical circulatory support devices remains controversial and data from randomized clinical trials are very limited. Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) - venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation - provides the strongest hemodynamic support in addition to oxygenation. However, despite increasing use it has not yet been properly investigated in randomized trials. Therefore, a prospective randomized adequately powered clinical trial is warranted. STUDY DESIGN The ECLS-SHOCK trial is a 420-patient controlled, international, multicenter, randomized, open-label trial. It is designed to compare whether treatment with ECLS in addition to early revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention or alternatively coronary artery bypass grafting and optimal medical treatment is beneficial in comparison to no-ECLS in patients with severe infarct-related cardiogenic shock. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion to one of the two treatment arms. The primary efficacy endpoint of ECLS-SHOCK is 30-day mortality. Secondary outcome measures such as hemodynamic, laboratory, and clinical parameters will serve as surrogate endpoints for prognosis. Furthermore, a longer follow-up at 6 and 12 months will be performed including quality of life assessment. Safety endpoints include peripheral ischemic vascular complications, bleeding and stroke. CONCLUSIONS The ECLS-SHOCK trial will address essential questions of efficacy and safety of ECLS in addition to early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Thiele
- Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anne Freund
- Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Rubini Gimenez
- Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Janine Pöss
- Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Josef Feistritzer
- Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Graf
- University Heart Center Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Holger Nef
- University Clinic Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Hamm
- University Clinic Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Kerckhoff Clinic Bad Nauheim, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ingo Voigt
- Contilia Elisabeth-Krankenhaus, Essen, Germany, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Stephan B Felix
- Dept. of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Abel
- Dept. of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Heart Center Cologne, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Burkert Pieske
- Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Klinikum and German Heart Center and Berlin Brandenburger Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) of the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Klinikum and German Heart Center and Berlin Brandenburger Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) of the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Lars S Maier
- University Clinic Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Malte Kelm
- University Clinic Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Tim Seidler
- Heart Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Tienush Rassaf
- Dept. of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart- and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Amir-Abbas Mahabadi
- Dept. of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart- and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Melchior Seyfarth
- Heart Center Wuppertal; Witten-Herdecke University, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Dengler
- SLK Clinic Bad Friedrichshall, Bad Friedrichshall, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Bufe
- Helios Clinic Krefeld, Krefeld, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | | | | | - Axel Linke
- Heart Center Dresden - Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefan John
- Paracelsius Private University, Clinic Nuremberg, Campus South, Nuremberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Marko Noc
- University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaz Goslar
- University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | - Steffen Desch
- Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig and Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Zeymer
- Institut für Herzinfarktforschung, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Hardt O, Wild S, Oerlecke I, Hofmann K, Luo S, Wiencek Y, Kantelhardt E, Vess C, Smith GP, Schroth GP, Bosio A, Dittmer J. Highly sensitive profiling of CD44+/CD24− breast cancer stem cells by combining global mRNA amplification and next generation sequencing: Evidence for a hyperactive PI3K pathway. Cancer Lett 2012; 325:165-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Dittmer J, Dittmer A, Oerlecke I, Leyh B, Martens JWM, Thomssen C. P5-06-08: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts Sensitize Breast Cancer Cells in 3D Cultures to Kinase Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p5-06-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attracted to cancer lesions and may differentiate to CAFs. By interacting with cancer cells, MSCs and CAFs may promote cancer progression and modulate drug sensitivity.
Material and Methods: To analyze ability of MSCs and CAFs to modulate drug response, we generated spheroids of MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in the absence or presence of human (h) MSCs or hCAFs and tested the susceptibility of the breast cancer cells to three different kinase inhibitors (TKI258, RAD001 and RAF265) as used in cancer therapy.
Results: While MSCs and CAFs did not affect the response of either breast cancer cell line to PDGFR/FGFR/VEGFR inhibitor TKI258, they sensitized breast cancer cells to the mTOR inhibitor RAD001. In MCF-7 cells, this was accompanied by increased apoptosis. hMSCs and to a lesser extent hCAFs also enhanced the cytotoxic effect of RAF inhibitor RAF265 on MDA-MB-231 cells. Searching for the mechanism that underlies the effect of stromal cells on RAF265 response we found that stromal cells inhibited RAF265-induced increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, supported RAF265-dependent downregulation of PKCalpha (protein kinase Calpha) and prevented RAF265-induced conversion of LC3B, a marker of autophagy. To mimic the changes in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and PKCalpha expression in response to the stromal cells, we treated cells with MEK1 inhibitor U0126 or PKCalpha inhibitor Gö6976, respectively. U0126, but not Gö6976, was as effective as hMSCs in sensitizing MDA-MB-231 cells to RAF265.
Discussion: Our data suggest that hMSCs and hCAFs increased the cytotoxic effect of RAF265 on MDA-MB-231 cells by downregulating ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In summary, this study shows that hMSCs are able to render breast cancer cells more susceptible to kinase inhibitors and that, to the most part, hCAFs to which hMSCs can differentiate are able to mimic the drug-sensitizing effects of hMSCs.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-06-08.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dittmer
- 1Clinic for Gynecology University Halle, Germany; Erasmus University Medical Center
| | - A Dittmer
- 1Clinic for Gynecology University Halle, Germany; Erasmus University Medical Center
| | - I Oerlecke
- 1Clinic for Gynecology University Halle, Germany; Erasmus University Medical Center
| | - B Leyh
- 1Clinic for Gynecology University Halle, Germany; Erasmus University Medical Center
| | - JWM Martens
- 1Clinic for Gynecology University Halle, Germany; Erasmus University Medical Center
| | - C Thomssen
- 1Clinic for Gynecology University Halle, Germany; Erasmus University Medical Center
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Gerloff A, Dittmer A, Oerlecke I, Holzhausen HJ, Dittmer J. Protein expression of the Ets transcription factor Elf-1 in breast cancer cells is negatively correlated with histological grading, but not with clinical outcome. Oncol Rep 2011; 26:1121-5. [PMID: 21811762 DOI: 10.3892/or.2011.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several members of the Ets (E26 transformation specific) transcription factor family are involved in tumor progression, e.g. by activating matrix metalloproteases. Ets proteins share a unique DNA-binding domain, the Ets domain, which specifically recognizes GGAA/T-containing sequences common in many promoters. While the roles of quite a number of Ets proteins in carcinogenesis have been well established, little is known about the importance of the Ets protein Elf-1 (E74-like factor 1) in cancer. Herein, we analyzed the expression of Elf-1 in breast cancer. We found that, like T-cells, breast cancer cells express both the 80 and 98 kDa isoforms of the Elf-1 protein with the 98 kDa isoform only be present in the nucleus. Immunohistochemical analysis of 119 breast cancer biopsies showed anti-Elf-1 immunoreactivity exclusively in the nucleus. Elf-1 expression varied largely among the breast cancer samples showing a negative correlation with histological grading. However, no association of Elf-1 expression with clinical outcome was observed, even when sub-cohorts of patients who received either only adjuvant endocrine treatment or only chemotherapy were separately analyzed. These data suggest that Elf-1 may modulate breast cancer progression to some extent without having an impact on survival of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gerloff
- Klinik für Gynäkologie, Universität Halle, Halle/Saale, Germany
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5
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Dittmer A, Fuchs A, Oerlecke I, Leyh B, Kaiser S, Martens JWM, Lützkendorf J, Müller L, Dittmer J. Mesenchymal stem cells and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts sensitize breast cancer cells in 3D cultures to kinase inhibitors. Int J Oncol 2011; 39:689-96. [PMID: 21667024 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), play a role in cancer progression. To analyze their ability to modulate drug response, we generated spheroids of MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in the absence or presence of human (h)MSCs or hCAFs and tested the susceptibility of the breast cancer cells to three different kinase inhibitors (TKI258, RAD001 and RAF265) used in cancer therapy. While stromal cells did not affect the response of either breast cancer cell line to the PDGFR/FGFR/VEGFR inhibitor TKI258, they sensitized breast cancer cells to the mTOR inhibitor RAD001. In MCF-7 cells, this was accompanied by increased apoptosis. hMSCs and to a lesser extent hCAFs also enhanced the cytotoxic effect of RAF inhibitor RAF265 on MDA-MB-231 cells. Searching for the mechanism that underlies the effect of stromal cells on RAF265 response we found that stromal cells inhibited RAF265-induced increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, supported RAF265-dependent downregulation of PKCα (protein kinase Cα) and prevented RAF265-induced conversion of LC3B, a marker of autophagy. To mimic the changes in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and PKCα expression in response to the stromal cells, we treated cells with MEK1 inhibitor U0126 or PKCα inhibitor Gö6976, respectively. U0126, but not Gö6976, was as effective as hMSCs in sensitizing MDA-MB-231 cells to RAF265. This suggests that hMSCs and hCAFs increased the cytotoxic effect of RAF265 on MDA-MB-231 cells by downregulating ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In summary, this study shows that hMSCs are able to render breast cancer cells more susceptible to kinase inhibitors and that, to the most part, hCAFs to which hMSCs can differentiate are able to mimic the drug-sensitizing effects of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dittmer
- Klinik für Gynäkologie, Universität Halle, Halle, Germany
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Lindner I, Hemdan NYA, Buchold M, Huse K, Bigl M, Oerlecke I, Ricken A, Gaunitz F, Sack U, Naumann A, Hollborn M, Thal D, Gebhardt R, Birkenmeier G. Alpha2-macroglobulin inhibits the malignant properties of astrocytoma cells by impeding beta-catenin signaling. Cancer Res 2010; 70:277-87. [PMID: 20048078 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targets that could improve the treatment of brain tumors remain important to define. This study of a transformation-associated isoform of alpha2-macroglobulin (A2M*) and its interaction with the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) suggests a new mechanism for abrogating the malignant potential of astrocytoma cells. LRP1 bound A2M* found to be associated with an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, spheroid formation, and anchorage-independent growth. Transcriptional studies implicated effects on the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Notably, LRP1 antibodies could phenocopy the effects of A2M*. Our findings suggest a pathway of tumor suppression in astrocytoma that might be tractable to therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Lindner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Santel T, Pflug G, Hemdan NYA, Schäfer A, Hollenbach M, Buchold M, Hintersdorf A, Lindner I, Otto A, Bigl M, Oerlecke I, Hutschenreuter A, Sack U, Huse K, Groth M, Birkemeyer C, Schellenberger W, Gebhardt R, Platzer M, Weiss T, Vijayalakshmi MA, Krüger M, Birkenmeier G. Curcumin inhibits glyoxalase 1: a possible link to its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3508. [PMID: 18946510 PMCID: PMC2567432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glyoxalases (Glo1 and Glo2) are involved in the glycolytic pathway by detoxifying the reactive methylglyoxal (MGO) into D-lactate in a two-step reaction using glutathione (GSH) as cofactor. Inhibitors of glyoxalases are considered as anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic agents. The recent finding that various polyphenols modulate Glo1 activity has prompted us to assess curcumin's potency as an Glo1 inhibitor. Methodology/Principal Findings Cultures of whole blood cells and tumor cell lines (PC-3, JIM-1, MDA-MD 231 and 1321N1) were set up to investigate the effect of selected polyphenols, including curcumin, on the LPS-induced cytokine production (cytometric bead-based array), cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cytosolic Glo1 and Glo2 enzymatic activity, apoptosis/necrosis (annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining; flow cytometric analysis) as well as GSH and ATP content. Results of enzyme kinetics revealed that curcumin, compared to the polyphenols quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, luteolin and rutin, elicited a stronger competitive inhibitory effect on Glo1 (Ki = 5.1±1.4 µM). Applying a whole blood assay, IC50 values of pro-inflammatory cytokine release (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β) were found to be positively correlated with the Ki-values of the aforementioned polyphenols. Moreover, whereas curcumin was found to hamper the growth of breast cancer (JIMT-1, MDA-MB-231), prostate cancer PC-3 and brain astrocytoma 1321N1 cells, no effect on growth or vitality of human primary hepatocytes was elucidated. Curcumin decreased D-lactate release by tumor cells, another clue for inhibition of intracellular Glo1. Conclusions/Significance The results described herein provide new insights into curcumin's biological activities as they indicate that inhibition of Glo1 by curcumin may result in non-tolerable levels of MGO and GSH, which, in turn, modulate various metabolic cellular pathways including depletion of cellular ATP and GSH content. This may account for curcumin's potency as an anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent. The findings support the use of curcumin as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thore Santel
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabi Pflug
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nasr Y. A. Hemdan
- Frauenhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Moharram Bay, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Angelika Schäfer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Martin Buchold
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Hintersdorf
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inge Lindner
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Otto
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marina Bigl
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ilka Oerlecke
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Sack
- Frauenhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus Huse
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Platzer
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Weiss
- Center for Liver Cell Research and Department of Surgery, University of Regensburg Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Monika Krüger
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Veterinary Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerd Birkenmeier
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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8
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Hollenbach M, Hintersdorf A, Huse K, Sack U, Bigl M, Groth M, Santel T, Buchold M, Lindner I, Otto A, Sicker D, Schellenberger W, Almendinger J, Pustowoit B, Birkemeyer C, Platzer M, Oerlecke I, Hemdan N, Birkenmeier G. Ethyl pyruvate and ethyl lactate down-regulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulate expression of immune receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 76:631-44. [PMID: 18625205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Esters of alpha-oxo-carbonic acids such as ethyl pyruvate (EP) have been demonstrated to exert inhibitory effects on the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. So far, there is no information about effects, if any, of ethyl lactate (EL), an obviously inactive analogue of EP, on inflammatory immune responses. In the present study, we provide evidence that the anti-inflammatory action of alpha-oxo-carbonic acid esters is mediated by inhibition of glyoxalases (Glo), cytosolic enzymes that catalyse the conversion of alpha-oxo-aldehydes such as methylglyoxal (MGO) into the corresponding alpha-hydroxy acids using glutathione as a cofactor. In vitro enzyme activity measurements revealed the inhibition of human Glo1 by alpha-oxo-carbonic acid esters, whilst alpha-hydroxy-carbonic acid esters such as EL were not inhibitory. In contrast, both EP and EL were shown to suppress the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 from human immunocompetent cells, and modulated the expression of the immune receptors HLA-DR, CD14 and CD91 on human monocytes. Here, we show a crossing link between glyoxalases and the immune system. The results described herein introduce glyoxalases as a possible target for therapeutic approaches of immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Hollenbach
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Rosenkilde MM, David R, Oerlecke I, Benned-Jensen T, Geumann U, Beck-Sickinger AG, Schwartz TW. Conformational constraining of inactive and active States of a seven transmembrane receptor by metal ion site engineering in the extracellular end of transmembrane segment V. Mol Pharmacol 2006; 70:1892-901. [PMID: 16971553 DOI: 10.1124/mol.106.027425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular part of transmembrane segment V (TM-V) is expected to be involved in the activation process of 7TM receptors, but its role is far from clear. Here, we study the highly constitutively active CXC-chemokine receptor encoded by human herpesvirus 8 (ORF74-HHV8), in which a metal ion site was introduced at the extracellular end of TM-V by substitution of two arginines at positions V:01 and V:05 with histidines [R208H; R212H]. The metal ion site conferred high-potency inverse agonist properties (EC(50), 1.7 microM) to Zn(II) in addition to agonist and allosteric enhancing properties at concentrations >10 microM. The chemokine interaction with [R208H;R212H]-ORF74 was altered compared with wild-type ORF74-HHV8 with decreased agonist (CXCL1/GROalpha) potency (84-fold), affinity (5.8- and 136-fold in competition against agonist and inverse agonist, respectively), and binding capacity (B(max); 25-fold). Zn(II) in activating concentrations (100 microM) acted as an allosteric enhancer as it increased the B(max) (7.1-fold), the potency (9.9-fold), the affinity (1.7- and 6.1-fold in competition against agonist and inverse agonist, respectively), and the efficacy (2.5-fold) of CXCL1/GROalpha. The activating properties of Zn(II) were not due to a metal ion site between the ligand and the receptor because CXCL1/GROalpha analogs in which the putative metal-ion binding residues had been substituted-[H19A] and [H34A]-acted like wild-type CXCL1/GROalpha. Based on the complex action of Zn(II) and on the chemokine interaction for [R208H;R212H]-ORF74, we conclude that the extracellular end of TM-V is important for the activation of this CXC-chemokine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette M Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, the Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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