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Vieira SDF, Coelho SG, Diniz Neto HDC, de Sá HCM, Pereira BP, Albuquerque BSF, Machado FS, Pereira LGR, Tomich TR, Renhe IRT, Campos MM. Effects of Bulk Tank Milk, Waste Milk, and Pasteurized Waste Milk on the Intake, Ruminal Parameters, Blood Parameters, Health, and Performance of Dairy Calves. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123552. [PMID: 34944327 PMCID: PMC8697870 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Waste milk (WM) is commonly used in the feeding of calves. Due to its legal prohibition in commercialization, the destination of WM has become an environmental issue for dairy farms. Many dairy farms pasteurize WM, focusing on reducing the microbial load and related sanitary challenges. However, pasteurized milk may still contain toxins of bacterial origin, spores, and antibiotic residues. Few studies have evaluated the effects of whole milk, WM, and pasteurized WM (PWM) on the intake, ruminal parameters, blood parameters, health, and performance of dairy calves. In our study, feeding WM or PWM did not show significant negative effects on the intake, ruminal parameters, blood parameters, health, or performance of dairy calves. Understanding the effects of using WM and PWM on the health and performance of dairy calves requires further investigation. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bulk tank milk (BTM), WM, and PWM on the intake, ruminal parameters, blood parameters, health, and performance of dairy calves. Forty-five male crossbred dairy calves (Gyr × Holstein) were used. On their fourth day of age, animals were grouped according to body weight, serum protein levels, and genetic composition. Three treatments were assessed: BTM (n = 15), WM from cows in antibiotic treatment (n = 15), and PWM via high-temperature, short-time pasteurization (72–74 °C for 16 s) (n = 15). During the experimental period (from 4 to 60 d of age), animals were fed 6 L of milk/d, divided into two equal meals. Water and concentrate were provided ad libitum. Daily measurements were made for milk, concentrate, and water intakes, as well as for fecal and respiratory scores. Rumen fluid and blood were sampled weekly. The following parameters were evaluated: volatile fatty acids (VFAs), pH and ammonia-N in rumen fluid, and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose in blood. Animals were weighed at birth, 4 d of age, and weekly up to 60 d of age. At the end of the experimental period (60 ± 1 d), all animals were euthanized for pulmonary evaluation. The randomized complete design with an interaction between treatment and week was the experimental method of choice for testing the hypothesis of the treatment’s effect on all evaluated outcomes. Animals in the BTM treatment had higher milk dry matter intake (DMI), followed by WM and PWM calves. Concentrate DMI was lower for BTM in comparison to WM and PWM calves. However, total DMI showed no significant differences between treatments. The rumen fluid from calves receiving PWM had higher concentrations of acetate and propionate than that of BTM and WM animals. No differences were observed between treatments for blood glucose and BHB concentrations. Health parameters (fecal and respiratory scores) and pneumonia occurrence showed no significant difference between treatments. No differences were observed for average daily gain (ADG) or body growth. Feeding WM and PWM did not show significant negative effects on the intake, ruminal parameters, blood parameters, health, or performance of dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina de Freitas Vieira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais(UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30161-970, MG, Brazil; (S.d.F.V.); (S.G.C.); (H.d.C.D.N.); (H.C.M.d.S.)
| | - Sandra Gesteira Coelho
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais(UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30161-970, MG, Brazil; (S.d.F.V.); (S.G.C.); (H.d.C.D.N.); (H.C.M.d.S.)
| | - Hilton do Carmo Diniz Neto
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais(UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30161-970, MG, Brazil; (S.d.F.V.); (S.G.C.); (H.d.C.D.N.); (H.C.M.d.S.)
| | - Hemily Cristina Menezes de Sá
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais(UFMG), Belo Horizonte 30161-970, MG, Brazil; (S.d.F.V.); (S.G.C.); (H.d.C.D.N.); (H.C.M.d.S.)
| | - Barbara Pironi Pereira
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Juiz de Fora 36038-330, MG, Brazil; (B.P.P.); (B.S.F.A.); (F.S.M.); (L.G.R.P.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Bianca Souza Ferreira Albuquerque
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Juiz de Fora 36038-330, MG, Brazil; (B.P.P.); (B.S.F.A.); (F.S.M.); (L.G.R.P.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Fernanda Samarini Machado
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Juiz de Fora 36038-330, MG, Brazil; (B.P.P.); (B.S.F.A.); (F.S.M.); (L.G.R.P.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Juiz de Fora 36038-330, MG, Brazil; (B.P.P.); (B.S.F.A.); (F.S.M.); (L.G.R.P.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Thierry Ribeiro Tomich
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Juiz de Fora 36038-330, MG, Brazil; (B.P.P.); (B.S.F.A.); (F.S.M.); (L.G.R.P.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Isis Rodrigues Toledo Renhe
- Instituto de Laticínios Cândido Tostes, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Juiz de Fora 36045-560, MG, Brazil;
| | - Mariana Magalhães Campos
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Juiz de Fora 36038-330, MG, Brazil; (B.P.P.); (B.S.F.A.); (F.S.M.); (L.G.R.P.); (T.R.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Perrone ÍT, Pereira JPF, Renhe IRT, Francisquini JD, Stephani R, De Carvalho AF. Monitoramento da cristalização da lactose em soro concentrado. Revista do ILCT 2017. [DOI: 10.14295/2238-6416.v72i4.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of lactose crystal growth in concentrated whey were studied in two stages. The first took place in a bench-top crystallizer and the second in an industrial crystallizer using concentrated whey obtained by vacuum evaporation, consisting of 3 treatments: crystallization by primary nucleation, by secondary nucleation with the addition of 0.05% and with the addition of 0.1% microcrystalline lactose. The average size of the crystals remained between 60.7 mm and 63.8 mm. The percentage of crystallization was greater in the secondary nucleation process than in the primary nucleation, where crystallization stabilized first. Mathematical equations which independently related crystallization times of the concentrated whey to the concentrations of soluble solids, crystallization percentage and mass of lactose in water were established, that can be used in the industrial setting to process whey. The kinetics of lactose crystal growth was not well described by models of first or second order reactions.
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