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Füzy A, Parádi I, Kelemen B, Kovács R, Cseresnyés I, Szili-Kovács T, Árendás T, Fodor N, Takács T. Soil biological activity after a sixty-year fertilization practice in a wheat-maize crop rotation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292125. [PMID: 37768988 PMCID: PMC10538786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to survey the long-term effects of fertilization practices on the functional diversity of the soil microbiota. A 60-year fertilization experiment with mineral fertilizers, farmyard manure and combined treatments was sampled in two consecutive years in maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Soil chemical properties, plant growth and physiological parameters were measured. The MicroRespTM method was applied to assess the community level physiological profiles (CLPPs) of the rhizosphere soil, and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization of the roots was determined. Samples were taken in the early vegetative stages, at flowering, and at harvest in both years. The measured parameters were analysed using multifactorial ANOVA to determine treatment effects, crop-dependent differences, and seasonality. PCA analysis was performed on the data matrix to reveal more complex correspondences, and Pearson's product-moment correlation was used to confirm relationships between some of the measured soil and plant parameters. Fertilization treatments caused long-term changes in some biological parameters such as: MicroRespTM parameters, citrate utilization, total substrate-induced respiration value, and the ratio of utilization of amino acids and sugars. The rate of AMF colonization responded mainly to the plant nutrition status and the plant requirements, suggesting a plant-mediated effect in the case of mycorrhiza. Mineral nitrogen fertilization and soil acidification were found to be the main factors affecting the catabolic activity of soil microbiota, while AMF colonization responded to the balance of plant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Füzy
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Parádi
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bettina Kelemen
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ramóna Kovács
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Cseresnyés
- Department of Soil Physics and Water Management, Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Szili-Kovács
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Árendás
- Crop Production Department, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Nándor Fodor
- Crop Production Department, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tünde Takács
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
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Gazdag O, Kovács R, Parádi I, Füzy A, Ködöböcz L, Mucsi M, Szili-Kovács T, Inubushi K, Takács T. Density and Diversity of Microbial Symbionts under Organic and Conventional Agricultural Management. Microbes Environ 2019; 34:234-243. [PMID: 31189767 PMCID: PMC6759338 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me18138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of organic and conventional farming and agroecology on the diversity and functioning of indigenous soil microbial communities was examined using a multifactorial analysis based on an extended minimum data set of classical status and functional tests. Main soil physicochemical properties and selected microbiological indicators, the quantity of heterotrophic or aerobic spore-forming bacteria, basal and substrate-induced respiration, catabolic activity with MicroResp™, and fluorescein diacetate enzyme activity were characterized. A pot experiment applying the most probable number method was designed with soil dilution series using Pisum sativum L. and Triticum spelta L. to assess the symbiotic infectivity and genetic diversity of key indicator groups of the plant microbiome, e.g. nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Soil pH, humus content, CFU, enzyme activity, and soil respiration were significantly higher in organic soils. The activity of soil microorganisms was mainly related to clay, humus, calcium, and magnesium parameters. A redundancy analysis test of catabolic activities showed that samples were grouped according to different substrate utilization patterns and land uses were also clearly separated from each other. Farming practice influenced the abundance and diversity of microbial populations. Dark septate endophytic fungi were only found in conventional soils. In addition to confirming soil health improvements by organic management, our results highlight the importance of a complex evaluation including both classical status and functional parameters of soil microbiota, which may more reliably indicate a shift in the quality status of soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Gazdag
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesHerman Ottó u. 15, BudapestHungary
| | - Ramóna Kovács
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesHerman Ottó u. 15, BudapestHungary
| | - István Parádi
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesHerman Ottó u. 15, BudapestHungary
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd UniversityH 1117, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., BudapestHungary
| | - Anna Füzy
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesHerman Ottó u. 15, BudapestHungary
| | - László Ködöböcz
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesHerman Ottó u. 15, BudapestHungary
| | - Márton Mucsi
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesHerman Ottó u. 15, BudapestHungary
| | - Tibor Szili-Kovács
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesHerman Ottó u. 15, BudapestHungary
| | - Kazuyuki Inubushi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba UniversityMatsudo, ChibaJapan
| | - Tünde Takács
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesHerman Ottó u. 15, BudapestHungary
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Takács T, Cseresnyés I, Kovács R, Parádi I, Kelemen B, Szili-Kovács T, Füzy A. Symbiotic Effectivity of Dual and Tripartite Associations on Soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) Cultivars Inoculated With Bradyrhizobium japonicum and AM Fungi. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1631. [PMID: 30483288 PMCID: PMC6243127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is regarded worldwide as indisputably one of the most important crops for human food and animal feed. The presence of symbiotic bacteria and fungi is essential for soybean breeding, especially in low-input agricultural systems. Research on the cooperation between different microbial symbionts is a key to understanding how the health and productivity of the plant is supported. The symbiotic effectivity of dual and tripartite symbiotic agents was investigated in two pot experiments on different soybean cultivars with special regard to compatibility. In the Selection experiment, two out of sixteen soybean cultivars (Aliz, Emese) were chosen on the basis of their drought tolerance and used in all the other investigations. In the Compatibility experiment, the compatible coupling of symbiotic partners was selected based on the efficiency of single and co-inoculation with two Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and two commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) products. Significant differences were found in the infectivity and effectivity of the microsymbionts. The rhizobial and AMF inoculation generally improved plant production, photosynthetic efficiency and root activity, but this effect depended on the type of symbiotic assotiation. Despite the low infectivity of AMF, inocula containing fungi were more beneficial than those containing only rhizobia. In the Drought Stress (DS) experiment, co-inoculated and control plants were grown in chernozem soil originating from organic farms. Emese was more resistant to drought stress than Aliz and produced a bigger root system. Under DS, the growth parameters of both microbially inoculated cultivars were better than that of control, proving that even drought tolerant genotypes can strengthen their endurance due to inoculation with AMF and nitrogen fixing bacteria. Root electrical capacitance (CR) showed a highly significant linear correlation with root and shoot dry mass and leaf area. The same root biomass was associated with higher CR in inoculated hosts. As CR method detects the absorptive surface increasing due to inoculation, it may be used to check the efficiency of the microbial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Takács
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Cseresnyés
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ramóna Kovács
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Parádi
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bettina Kelemen
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Szili-Kovács
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Füzy
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Takács T, Cseresnyés I, Kovács R, Parádi I, Gazdag O, Szili-Kovács T, Kelemen B, Füzy A. Effect of Rhizobium and AM fungi inoculation on soybean. Acta fytotechn zootechn 2015. [DOI: 10.15414/afz.2015.18.si.131-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Parádi I, van Tuinen D, Morandi D, Ochatt S, Robert F, Jacas L, Dumas-Gaudot E. Transcription of two blue copper-binding protein isogenes is highly correlated with arbuscular mycorrhizal development in Medicago truncatula. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2010; 23:1175-1183. [PMID: 20687807 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-23-9-1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Expression profiling of two paralogous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-specific blue copper-binding gene (MtBcp1a and MtBcp1b) isoforms was performed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in wild-type Medicago truncatula Jemalong 5 (J5) during the mycorrhizal development with Glomus intraradices for up to 7 weeks. Time-course analysis in J5 showed that expression of both MtBcp1 genes increased continuously and correlated strongly with the colonization intensity and arbuscule content. MtPT4, selected as a reference gene of the functional plant-fungus association, showed a weaker correlation to mycorrhizal development. In a second experiment, a range of mycorrhizal mutants of the wild-type J5 was assessed. Strictly AM-penetration-defective TRV25-C and TRV25-D (dmi3, Mtsym13), hypomycorrhizal TR25 and TR89 (dmi2, Mtsym2) mutants, and a hypermycorrhizal mutant TRV17 (sunn, Mtsym12) were compared with J5 3 and 7 weeks after inoculation. No MtBcp1 transcripts were detected in the mutants blocked at the appressoria stage. Conversely, TR25, TR89, and J5 showed a gradual increase of the expression of both MtBcp1 genes in 3- and 7-week-old plants, similar to the increase in colonization intensity and arbuscule abundance. The strong correlation between the expression level of AM-specific blue copper-binding protein-encoding genes and AM colonization may imply a basic role in symbiotic functioning for these genes, which may serve as new molecular markers of arbuscule development in M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Parádi
- UMR 1088 INRA/5184 CNRS/Université de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, INRA-CMSE, Dijon BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France.
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Galván GA, Parádi I, Burger K, Baar J, Kuyper TW, Scholten OE, Kik C. Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in onion roots from organic and conventional farming systems in the Netherlands. Mycorrhiza 2009; 19:317-328. [PMID: 19301039 PMCID: PMC2687515 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-009-0237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Diversity and colonization levels of naturally occurring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in onion roots were studied to compare organic and conventional farming systems in the Netherlands. In 2004, 20 onion fields were sampled in a balanced survey between farming systems and between two regions, namely, Zeeland and Flevoland. In 2005, nine conventional and ten organic fields were additionally surveyed in Flevoland. AMF phylotypes were identified by rDNA sequencing. All plants were colonized, with 60% for arbuscular colonization and 84% for hyphal colonization as grand means. In Zeeland, onion roots from organic fields had higher fractional colonization levels than those from conventional fields. Onion yields in conventional farming were positively correlated with colonization level. Overall, 14 AMF phylotypes were identified. The number of phylotypes per field ranged from one to six. Two phylotypes associated with the Glomus mosseae-coronatum and the G. caledonium-geosporum species complexes were the most abundant, whereas other phylotypes were infrequently found. Organic and conventional farming systems had similar number of phylotypes per field and Shannon diversity indices. A few organic and conventional fields had larger number of phylotypes, including phylotypes associated with the genera Glomus-B, Archaeospora, and Paraglomus. This suggests that farming systems as such did not influence AMF diversity, but rather specific environmental conditions or agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo A Galván
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Dept. Producción Vegetal, CRS, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Progreso, Uruguay.
| | - István Parádi
- Mushroom Section of Applied Plant Research, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 120, H-1518, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Karin Burger
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Baar
- Mushroom Section of Applied Plant Research, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Knowledge Centre Triple E, Sweerts de Landasstraat 46, 6814 DG, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas W Kuyper
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Olga E Scholten
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Kik
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Genetic Resources (CGN), Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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