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Méndez-Rosado LA, de León-Ojeda N, García A, Sheth F, Gaadi A, Bousfiha AA, Lehlimi M, Natiq A, Kurinnaia OS, Vorsanova SG, Iourov I, Huhle D, Liehr T. Clinical characterization of 72 patients with del(22)(q11.2q11.2) from different ethnic backgrounds. Egypt J Med Hum Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
DiGeorge syndrome (DGS), caused by a deletion del(22)(q11.2q11.2), is the most frequently observed microdeletion syndrome. There is a vast clinical heterogeneity in DGS, and several studies suggested also heterogeneity of clinical signs and phenotypic appearance to be related to ethnic differences. Here, clinical characteristics of 72 patients with molecular diagnosed deletion del(22)(q11.2q11.2) derived from different countries from Europe, America, Africa, and Asia are summarized and compared.
Results
Unless ethnic differences, the expected major clinical signs were present in all cases. Frequent clinical manifestations found in this study were congenital heart disease with 68% (49/72), followed by dysmorphic features found in 61% (44/72); neurodevelopmental disorders were present in 43% (31/72) and thymus hypoplasia/aplasia in 32% (23/72). However, clinical features of the patients appeared/were recognized at different times during their lives. Within the group, under 2 years predominated heart disease, dysmorphic features, and hypocalcemia and/or hypoparathyroidism. In the group older than 2 years, the following combination of clinical findings was most frequent: dysmorphic features, congenital heart disease, intellectual disability, and immunological disorders. In the eight cases detected prenatally, abnormal sonographic findings were the major clinical signs (cardiovascular malformations and renal malformations).
Conclusions
Despite the heterogeneous nature of the sample analyzed, a number of clinical findings could be highlighted to be useful for the clinical delineation of this DGS. Interestingly, diagnostic indicators may vary depending on the age at diagnosis. Finally, apparent differences in DGS patients from different regions seem to be rather due to applied test systems than to real differences in patients from different ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Vorsanova
- Institute of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Iourov
- National Center of Mental Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Yurov
- Institute of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
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Liehr T, Cirkovic S, Lalic T, Guc-Scekic M, de Almeida C, Weimer J, Iourov I, Melaragno MI, Guilherme RS, Stefanou EGG, Aktas D, Kreskowski K, Klein E, Ziegler M, Kosyakova N, Volleth M, Hamid AB. Complex small supernumerary marker chromosomes - an update. Mol Cytogenet 2013; 6:46. [PMID: 24171835 PMCID: PMC4129180 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-6-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complex small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) constitute one of the smallest subgroups of sSMC in general. Complex sSMC consist of chromosomal material derived from more than one chromosome; the best known representative of this group is the derivative chromosome 22 {der(22)t(11;22)} or Emanuel syndrome. In 2008 we speculated that complex sSMC could be part of an underestimated entity. Results Here, the overall yet reported 412 complex sSMC are summarized. They constitute 8.4% of all yet in detail characterized sSMC cases. The majority of the complex sSMC is contributed by patients suffering from Emanuel syndrome (82%). Besides there are a der(22)t(8;22)(q24.1;q11.1) and a der(13)t(13;18)(q11;p11.21) or der(21)t(18;21)(p11.21;q11.1) = der(13 or 21)t(13 or 21;18) syndrome. The latter two represent another 2.6% and 2.2% of the complex sSMC-cases, respectively. The large majority of complex sSMC has a centric minute shape and derives from an acrocentric chromosome. Nonetheless, complex sSMC can involve material from each chromosomal origin. Most complex sSMC are inherited form a balanced translocation in one parent and are non-mosaic. Interestingly, there are hot spots for the chromosomal breakpoints involved. Conclusions Complex sSMC need to be considered in diagnostics, especially in non-mosaic, centric minute shaped sSMC. As yet three complex-sSMC-associated syndromes are identified. As recurrent breakpoints in the complex sSMC were characterized, it is to be expected that more syndromes are identified in this subgroup of sSMC. Overall, complex sSMC emphasize once more the importance of detailed cytogenetic analyses, especially in patients with idiopathic mental retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, Jena D-07743, Germany ; Institut für Humangenetik, Postfach, Jena D-07740, Germany
| | - Sanja Cirkovic
- Laboratory for Medical Genetics, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Radoje Dakic str. 6-8, Belgrade 11070, Serbia
| | - Tanja Lalic
- Laboratory for Medical Genetics, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Radoje Dakic str. 6-8, Belgrade 11070, Serbia
| | - Marija Guc-Scekic
- Laboratory for Medical Genetics, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Radoje Dakic str. 6-8, Belgrade 11070, Serbia ; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Cynthia de Almeida
- Military Hospital associated with "Universidad de la República (UDELAR)", Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jörg Weimer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UKSH Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3; House 24, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Ivan Iourov
- Research Center for Mental Health, RAMS, Moscow, Russia ; Institute of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, RF Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Isabel Melaragno
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo SP, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Roberta S Guilherme
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo SP, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Eunice-Georgia G Stefanou
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University General Hospital of Patras, Rion, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Dilek Aktas
- Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Dept of Medical Genetics, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Katharina Kreskowski
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Klein
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Monika Ziegler
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Nadezda Kosyakova
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Marianne Volleth
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Ahmed B Hamid
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, Jena D-07743, Germany
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Liehr T, Mrasek K, Hinreiner S, Reich D, Ewers E, Bartels I, Seidel J, Emmanuil N, Petesen M, Polityko A, Dufke A, Iourov I, Trifonov V, Vermeesch J, Weise A. Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) in patients with a 45,X/46,X,+mar karyotype - 17 new cases and a review of the literature. Sex Dev 2008; 1:353-62. [PMID: 18391547 DOI: 10.1159/000111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) can appear in a numerically normal 'basic karyotype', but also in a numerically abnormal one like a Turner syndrome karyotype (= sSMC(T)). Here we present 17 new cases with such a mos 45,X/46,X,+mar karyotype. Moreover we reviewed all 512 cytogenetically similar cases available from the literature and supply for the first time data on occurrence, shapes and subgroups of this rare cytogenetic entity. sSMC(T) are very rare in the common population (1:100,000) - however, they can be observed with a 45- and even 60-times higher frequency in infertile and (develop)mentally retarded patients, respectively. Even though sSMC(T) derive from one of the gonosomes in >99% of the cases, there are also exceptional reports on sSMC(T) derived from one of the autosomes. The majority of sSMC(T)(X) form ring chromosomes, while most sSMC(T)(Y) are inverted duplicated/isodicentric chromosomes. Although >500 sSMC(T) are reported, a detailed characterization of the chromosomal breakpoints is only given for a minority. Thus, more cases with detailed (molecular) cytogenetic marker chromosome characterization are needed to provide information on formation and effects of an sSMC(T).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liehr
- Institut fur Humangenetik und Anthropologie, Jena, Germany.
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