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Wiertelak-Makała K, Szymczak-Pajor I, Bociong K, Śliwińska A. Considerations about Cytotoxicity of Resin-Based Composite Dental Materials: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:152. [PMID: 38203323 PMCID: PMC10778595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The dental material industry is rapidly developing resin-based composites (RBCs), which find widespread use in a variety of clinical settings. As such, their biocompatibility has gained increasing interest. This literature review presents a summary of research into the cytotoxicity of methacrylate-based composites published from 2017 to 2023. Subject to analysis were 14 in vitro studies on human and murine cell lines. Cytotoxicity in the included studies was measured via MTT assay, LDH assay, and WST-1 assay. The QUIN Risk of Bias Tool was performed to validate the included studies. Included studies (based entirely on the results of in vitro studies) provide evidence of dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity of dental resin-based composites. Oxidative stress and the depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH) were suggested as reasons for cytotoxicity. Induction of apoptosis by RBCs was indicated. While composites remain the golden standard of dental restorative materials, their potential cytotoxicity cannot be ignored due to direct long-term exposure. Further in vitro investigations and clinical trials are required to understand the molecular mechanism of cytotoxicity and produce novel materials with improved safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Wiertelak-Makała
- Student Scientific Society of Civilization Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kinga Bociong
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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Biegała Ł, Gajek A, Szymczak-Pajor I, Marczak A, Śliwińska A, Rogalska A. Targeted inhibition of the ATR/CHK1 pathway overcomes resistance to olaparib and dysregulates DNA damage response protein expression in BRCA2 MUT ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22659. [PMID: 38114660 PMCID: PMC10730696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Olaparib is a PARP inhibitor (PARPi) approved for targeted treatment of ovarian cancer (OC). However, its efficacy is impeded by the inevitable occurrence of resistance. Here, we investigated whether the cytotoxic activity of olaparib could be synergistically enhanced in olaparib-resistant OC cells with BRCA2 reversion mutation by the addition of inhibitors of the ATR/CHK1 pathway. Moreover, we provide insights into alterations in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway induced by combination treatments. Antitumor activity of olaparib alone or combined with an ATR inhibitor (ATRi, ceralasertib) or CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i, MK-8776) was evaluated in OC cell lines sensitive (PEO1, PEO4) and resistant (PEO1-OR) to olaparib. Antibody microarrays were used to explore changes in expression of 27 DDR-related proteins. Olaparib in combination with ATR/CHK1 inhibitors synergistically induced a decrease in viability and clonogenic survival and an increase in apoptosis mediated by caspase-3/7 in all OC cells. Combination treatments induced cumulative alterations in expression of DDR-related proteins mediating distinct DNA repair pathways and cell cycle control. In the presence of ATRi and CHK1i, olaparib-induced upregulation of proteins determining cell fate after DNA damage (PARP1, CHK1, c-Abl, Ku70, Ku80, MDM2, and p21) was abrogated in PEO1-OR cells. Overall, the addition of ATRi or CHK1i to olaparib effectively overcomes resistance to PARPi exerting anti-proliferative effect in BRCA2MUT olaparib-resistant OC cells and alters expression of DDR-related proteins. These new molecular insights into cellular response to olaparib combined with ATR/CHK1 inhibitors might help improve targeted therapies for olaparib-resistant OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Biegała
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, 21/23 Jana Matejki Street, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gajek
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Street, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Street, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
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Kosmalski M, Szymczak-Pajor I, Drzewoski J, Śliwińska A. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated with a Decreased Catalase (CAT) Level, CT Genotypes and the T Allele of the -262 C/T CAT Polymorphism. Cells 2023; 12:2228. [PMID: 37759451 PMCID: PMC10527641 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It has been suggested that an insufficient antioxidant defense system composed of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT) and nonenzymatic molecules, is a key factor triggering oxidative damage in the progression of liver disease. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess whether the level of CAT and -262 C/T polymorphism in the promoter of CAT (rs1001179) are associated with NAFLD. METHODS In total, 281 adults (152/129 female/male, aged 65.61 ± 10.44 years) were included in the study. The patients were assigned to an NAFLD group (n = 139) or a group without NAFLD (n = 142) based on the results of an ultrasound, the Hepatic Steatosis Index, and the Fatty Liver Index (FLI). CAT levels were determined using an ELISA test, and genomic DNA was extracted via the standard phenol/chloroform-based method and genotyped via RFLP-PCR. RESULTS The CAT level was decreased in NAFLD patients (p < 0.001), and an ROC analysis revealed that a CAT level lower than 473.55 U/L significantly increases the risk of NAFLD. In turn, genotyping showed that the CT genotype and the T allele of -262 C/T CAT polymorphism elevate the risk of NAFLD. The diminished CAT level in the NAFLD group correlated with increased FLI, waist circumference and female gender. CONCLUSION The obtained results support observations that oxidative damage associated with NAFLD may be the result of a decreased CAT level as a part of the antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kosmalski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (I.S.-P.); (A.Ś.)
| | - Józef Drzewoski
- Central Teaching Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (I.S.-P.); (A.Ś.)
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Szymczak-Pajor I, Miazek K, Selmi A, Balcerczyk A, Śliwińska A. The Action of Vitamin D in Adipose Tissue: Is There the Link between Vitamin D Deficiency and Adipose Tissue-Related Metabolic Disorders? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:956. [PMID: 35055140 PMCID: PMC8779075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an important role in systemic metabolism via the secretion of adipocytokines and storing and releasing energy. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional and characterized by hypertrophied adipocytes, increased inflammation, hypoxia, and decreased angiogenesis. Although adipose tissue is one of the major stores of vitamin D, its deficiency is detective in obese subjects. In the presented review, we show how vitamin D regulates numerous processes in adipose tissue and how their dysregulation leads to metabolic disorders. The molecular response to vitamin D in adipose tissue affects not only energy metabolism and adipokine and anti-inflammatory cytokine production via the regulation of gene expression but also genes participating in antioxidant defense, adipocytes differentiation, and apoptosis. Thus, its deficiency disturbs adipocytokines secretion, metabolism, lipid storage, adipogenesis, thermogenesis, the regulation of inflammation, and oxidative stress balance. Restoring the proper functionality of adipose tissue in overweight or obese subjects is of particular importance in order to reduce the risk of developing obesity-related complications, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Taking into account the results of experimental studies, it seemed that vitamin D may be a remedy for adipose tissue dysfunction, but the results of the clinical trials are not consistent, as some of them show improvement and others no effect of this vitamin on metabolic and insulin resistance parameters. Therefore, further studies are required to evaluate the beneficial effects of vitamin D, especially in overweight and obese subjects, due to the presence of a volumetric dilution of this vitamin among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Krystian Miazek
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 15 Wroblewskiego, 93-590 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Selmi
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Aneta Balcerczyk
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
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Szymczak-Pajor I, Fleszar K, Kasznicki J, Gralewska P, Śliwińska A. A potential role of calpains in sulfonylureas (SUs) -mediated death of human pancreatic cancer cells (1.2B4). Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 73:105128. [PMID: 33652124 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonylureas (SUs) are suggested to accelerate the pancreatic β-cells mass loss via apoptosis. However, little is known whether calpains mediate this process. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the involvement of calpains in SUs-induced death of human pancreatic cancer (PC) cell line 1.2B4. The cells were exposed to: glibenclamide, glimepiride and gliclazide for 72 h. The expression analysis of caspase-3 (CASP-3), TP53, calpain 1 (CAPN-1), calpain 2 (CAPN-2) and calpain 10 (CAPN-10) was detected using RT-PCR method. Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, CASP-3 activity and total calpain activity were also evaluated. Our results have shown that glibenclamide and glimepiride decrease 1.2B4 cells viability with accompanied increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and increased expression of apoptosis-related CASP-3 and TP53. Gliclazide did not affect 1.2B4 cell viability and Ca2+ concentration, however, it downregulated CASP-3 and upregulated TP53. Interestingly, 50 μM glimepiride increased expression of CAPN-1, CAPN-2 and CAPN-10 whereas 50 μM glibenclamide solely upregulated CAPN-2 expression. We have shown that 10 μM and 50 μM glibenclamide and glimepiride increased the activity of CASP-3, but decreased total calpain activity. Our results suggest that calpains may be involved in glibenclamide- and glimepiride-induced death of PC cells. However, further investigation is required to confirm the engagement of calpains in SUs-mediated death of PC cells, especially studies on protein level of particular isoforms of calpains should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Fleszar
- Student Scientific Society of Civilization Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jacek Kasznicki
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Gralewska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
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Szymczak-Pajor I, Kleniewska P, Wieczfinska J, Pawliczak R. Wide-Range Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on Group 4A Phospholipases Is Related to Nuclear Factor κ-B and Phospholipase-A2 Activating Protein Activity in Mast Cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 181:56-70. [PMID: 31707382 DOI: 10.1159/000503628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phospholipases are enzymes that occur in many types of human cells, including mast cells, and play an important role in the molecular background of asthma pathogenesis, and the development of inflammation NF-κB activities that affect numerous biological processes has been reported in many inflammatory diseases including asthma. Vitamin D is a widely studied factor that affects many diseases, including asthma. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on regulation of chosen phospholipase-A2 (PLA2) expression-selected inflammation mediators. METHODS LUVA mast cells were stimulated with 1,25(OH)2D3, and inhibitors of NF-κB p65 and ubiquitination. Expression analysis of phospholipases (PLA2G5, PLA2G10, PLA2G12, PLA2G15, PLA2G4A, PLA2G4B, PLA2G4C, PLAA, NF-κB p65, and UBC) was done utilizing real-time PCR and Western blot. Eicosanoid (LTC4, LXA4, 15[S]-HETE, and PGE2) levels and sPLA2 were also measured. RESULTS We found that 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased the expression of PLA2G5, PLA2G15, PLA2G5,UBC, and NF-κB p65 but increased expression of PLAA and PLA2G4C (p < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of PLA2G5 and PLA2G15 decreased after inhibition of NF-κB p65 and UBC. Increased levels of released LXA4 and 15(S)-HETE, decreased levels of LTC4, and sPLA2s enzymatic activity in response to 1,25(OH)2D3 were also observed. Additionally, NF-κB p65 inhibition led to an increase in the LXA4 concentration. CONCLUSION Future investigations will be needed to further clarify the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the context of asthma and the inflammatory process; however, these results confirm a variety of effects which can be caused by this vitamin. 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated action may result in the development of new therapeutic strategies for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Science and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Kleniewska
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Science and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Wieczfinska
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Science and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Science and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland,
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