1
|
Agnese R, Aramaki T, Arnquist IJ, Baker W, Balakishiyeva D, Banik S, Barker D, Basu Thakur R, Bauer DA, Binder T, Bowles MA, Brink PL, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Caldwell DO, Calkins R, Cartaro C, Cerdeño DG, Chang Y, Chen Y, Cooley J, Cornell B, Cushman P, Daal M, Di Stefano PCF, Doughty T, Fascione E, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Fritts M, Gerbier G, Germond R, Ghaith M, Godfrey GL, Golwala SR, Hall J, Harris HR, Hong Z, Hoppe EW, Hsu L, Huber ME, Iyer V, Jardin D, Jastram A, Jena C, Kelsey MH, Kennedy A, Kubik A, Kurinsky NA, Loer B, Lopez Asamar E, Lukens P, MacDonell D, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, Mast N, Miller EH, Mirabolfathi N, Mohanty B, Morales Mendoza JD, Nelson J, Orrell JL, Oser SM, Page K, Page WA, Partridge R, Penalver Martinez M, Pepin M, Phipps A, Poudel S, Pyle M, Qiu H, Rau W, Redl P, Reisetter A, Reynolds T, Roberts A, Robinson AE, Rogers HE, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Schneck K, Schnee RW, Scorza S, Senapati K, Serfass B, Speller D, Stein M, Street J, Tanaka HA, Toback D, Underwood R, Villano AN, von Krosigk B, Welliver B, Wilson JS, Wilson MJ, Wright DH, Yellin S, Yen JJ, Young BA, Zhang X, Zhao X. Results from the Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Experiment at Soudan. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:061802. [PMID: 29481237 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.061802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the result of a blinded search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using the majority of the SuperCDMS Soudan data set. With an exposure of 1690 kg d, a single candidate event is observed, consistent with expected backgrounds. This analysis (combined with previous Ge results) sets an upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of 1.4×10^{-44} (1.0×10^{-44}) cm^{2} at 46 GeV/c^{2}. These results set the strongest limits for WIMP-germanium-nucleus interactions for masses >12 GeV/c^{2}.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Agnese
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida 32611, USA
| | - T Aramaki
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - W Baker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D Balakishiyeva
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - S Banik
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - D Barker
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Basu Thakur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D A Bauer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Binder
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M A Bowles
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - P L Brink
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Bunker
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B Cabrera
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D O Caldwell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - R Calkins
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D G Cerdeño
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Chang
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - J Cooley
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - B Cornell
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Cushman
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Daal
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P C F Di Stefano
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - T Doughty
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Fascione
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - E Figueroa-Feliciano
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - M Fritts
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - G Gerbier
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Germond
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Ghaith
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - G L Godfrey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S R Golwala
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Hall
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H R Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L Hsu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M E Huber
- Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - V Iyer
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - D Jardin
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - A Jastram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - C Jena
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M H Kelsey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Kennedy
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Kubik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - N A Kurinsky
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Loer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - E Lopez Asamar
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - P Lukens
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D MacDonell
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - R Mahapatra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - V Mandic
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - N Mast
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - E H Miller
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - N Mirabolfathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - B Mohanty
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - J D Morales Mendoza
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J Nelson
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J L Orrell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S M Oser
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - K Page
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - W A Page
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - R Partridge
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - M Pepin
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Phipps
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Poudel
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M Pyle
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Qiu
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - W Rau
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Redl
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Reisetter
- Department of Physics, University of Evansville, Evansville, Indiana 47722, USA
| | - T Reynolds
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida 32611, USA
| | - A Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A E Robinson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H E Rogers
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - T Saab
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Sadoulet
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Sander
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K Schneck
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R W Schnee
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S Scorza
- SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - K Senapati
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - B Serfass
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Speller
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Stein
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - J Street
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - H A Tanaka
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - D Toback
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - R Underwood
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - A N Villano
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - B von Krosigk
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - B Welliver
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida 32611, USA
| | - J S Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M J Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - D H Wright
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Yellin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J J Yen
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B A Young
- Department of Physics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Agnese R, Anderson AJ, Aramaki T, Asai M, Baker W, Balakishiyeva D, Barker D, Basu Thakur R, Bauer DA, Billard J, Borgland A, Bowles MA, Brink PL, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Caldwell DO, Calkins R, Cerdeno DG, Chagani H, Chen Y, Cooley J, Cornell B, Cushman P, Daal M, Di Stefano PCF, Doughty T, Esteban L, Fallows S, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Ghaith M, Godfrey GL, Golwala SR, Hall J, Harris HR, Hofer T, Holmgren D, Hsu L, Huber ME, Jardin D, Jastram A, Kamaev O, Kara B, Kelsey MH, Kennedy A, Leder A, Loer B, Lopez Asamar E, Lukens P, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, Mast N, Mirabolfathi N, Moffatt RA, Morales Mendoza JD, Oser SM, Page K, Page WA, Partridge R, Pepin M, Phipps A, Prasad K, Pyle M, Qiu H, Rau W, Redl P, Reisetter A, Ricci Y, Roberts A, Rogers HE, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Schneck K, Schnee RW, Scorza S, Serfass B, Shank B, Speller D, Toback D, Underwood R, Upadhyayula S, Villano AN, Welliver B, Wilson JS, Wright DH, Yellin S, Yen JJ, Young BA, Zhang J. New Results from the Search for Low-Mass Weakly Interacting Massive Particles with the CDMS Low Ionization Threshold Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:071301. [PMID: 26943526 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.071301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The CDMS low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) uses cryogenic germanium detectors operated at a relatively high bias voltage to amplify the phonon signal in the search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Results are presented from the second CDMSlite run with an exposure of 70 kg day, which reached an energy threshold for electron recoils as low as 56 eV. A fiducialization cut reduces backgrounds below those previously reported by CDMSlite. New parameter space for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section is excluded for WIMP masses between 1.6 and 5.5 GeV/c^{2}.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Agnese
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A J Anderson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Aramaki
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Asai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W Baker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D Balakishiyeva
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D Barker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Basu Thakur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D A Bauer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Billard
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Borgland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M A Bowles
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - P L Brink
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Bunker
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - B Cabrera
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D O Caldwell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - R Calkins
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - D G Cerdeno
- Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - H Chagani
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - J Cooley
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - B Cornell
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Cushman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Daal
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P C F Di Stefano
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - T Doughty
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Esteban
- Departamento de Física Teórica and Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Fallows
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - E Figueroa-Feliciano
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - M Ghaith
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - G L Godfrey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S R Golwala
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Hall
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H R Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - T Hofer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Holmgren
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Hsu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M E Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - D Jardin
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - A Jastram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - O Kamaev
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - B Kara
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M H Kelsey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Kennedy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Leder
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Loer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Lopez Asamar
- Departamento de Física Teórica and Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Lukens
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Mahapatra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - V Mandic
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - N Mast
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - N Mirabolfathi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R A Moffatt
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J D Morales Mendoza
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S M Oser
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - K Page
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - W A Page
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Partridge
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Pepin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Phipps
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Prasad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M Pyle
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Qiu
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - W Rau
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Redl
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Reisetter
- Department of Physics, University of Evansville, Evansville, Indiana 47722, USA
| | - Y Ricci
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - A Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - H E Rogers
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - T Saab
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Sadoulet
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Sander
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K Schneck
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R W Schnee
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S Scorza
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - B Serfass
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B Shank
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D Speller
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Toback
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - R Underwood
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S Upadhyayula
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A N Villano
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - B Welliver
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J S Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D H Wright
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Yellin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J J Yen
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B A Young
- Department of Physics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA
| | - J Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Agnese R, Anderson AJ, Balakishiyeva D, Basu Thakur R, Bauer DA, Billard J, Borgland A, Bowles MA, Brandt D, Brink PL, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Caldwell DO, Cerdeno DG, Chagani H, Chen Y, Cooley J, Cornell B, Crewdson CH, Cushman P, Daal M, Di Stefano PCF, Doughty T, Esteban L, Fallows S, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Godfrey GL, Golwala SR, Hall J, Harris HR, Hertel SA, Hofer T, Holmgren D, Hsu L, Huber ME, Jastram A, Kamaev O, Kara B, Kelsey MH, Kennedy A, Kiveni M, Koch K, Leder A, Loer B, Lopez Asamar E, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, Martinez C, McCarthy KA, Mirabolfathi N, Moffatt RA, Moore DC, Nelson H, Nelson RH, Ogburn RW, Page K, Page WA, Partridge R, Pepin M, Phipps A, Prasad K, Pyle M, Qiu H, Rau W, Redl P, Reisetter A, Ricci Y, Rogers HE, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Schneck K, Schnee RW, Scorza S, Serfass B, Shank B, Speller D, Upadhyayula S, Villano AN, Welliver B, Wright DH, Yellin S, Yen JJ, Young BA, Zhang J. First direct limits on lightly ionizing particles with electric charge less than e/6. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:111302. [PMID: 25839256 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.111302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
While the standard model of particle physics does not include free particles with fractional charge, experimental searches have not ruled out their existence. We report results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment that give the first direct-detection limits for cosmogenically produced relativistic particles with electric charge lower than e/6. A search for tracks in the six stacked detectors of each of two of the CDMS II towers finds no candidates, thereby excluding new parameter space for particles with electric charges between e/6 and e/200.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Agnese
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A J Anderson
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Balakishiyeva
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Basu Thakur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D A Bauer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Billard
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Borgland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M A Bowles
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - D Brandt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P L Brink
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Bunker
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - B Cabrera
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D O Caldwell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - D G Cerdeno
- Departamento de Física Teórica and Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IPPP, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - H Chagani
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - J Cooley
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - B Cornell
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Crewdson
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - P Cushman
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Daal
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P C F Di Stefano
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - T Doughty
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Esteban
- Departamento de Física Teórica and Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Fallows
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - E Figueroa-Feliciano
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G L Godfrey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S R Golwala
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Hall
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H R Harris
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Hofer
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Holmgren
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Hsu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M E Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - A Jastram
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - O Kamaev
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - B Kara
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M H Kelsey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Kennedy
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Kiveni
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - K Koch
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Leder
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Loer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Lopez Asamar
- Departamento de Física Teórica and Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Mahapatra
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - V Mandic
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C Martinez
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - K A McCarthy
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Mirabolfathi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R A Moffatt
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D C Moore
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Nelson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - R H Nelson
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R W Ogburn
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - K Page
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - W A Page
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Partridge
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Pepin
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Phipps
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Prasad
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M Pyle
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Qiu
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - W Rau
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - P Redl
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Reisetter
- Department of Physics, University of Evansville, Evansville, Indiana 47722, USA
| | - Y Ricci
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - H E Rogers
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - T Saab
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Sadoulet
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Sander
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K Schneck
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R W Schnee
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S Scorza
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Serfass
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B Shank
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D Speller
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Upadhyayula
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A N Villano
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - B Welliver
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D H Wright
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Yellin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J J Yen
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B A Young
- Department of Physics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA
| | - J Zhang
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Agnese R, Anderson AJ, Asai M, Balakishiyeva D, Basu Thakur R, Bauer DA, Beaty J, Billard J, Borgland A, Bowles MA, Brandt D, Brink PL, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Caldwell DO, Cerdeno DG, Chagani H, Chen Y, Cherry M, Cooley J, Cornell B, Crewdson CH, Cushman P, Daal M, DeVaney D, Di Stefano PCF, Silva EDCE, Doughty T, Esteban L, Fallows S, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Godfrey GL, Golwala SR, Hall J, Hansen S, Harris HR, Hertel SA, Hines BA, Hofer T, Holmgren D, Hsu L, Huber ME, Jastram A, Kamaev O, Kara B, Kelsey MH, Kenany S, Kennedy A, Kiveni M, Koch K, Leder A, Loer B, Lopez Asamar E, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, Martinez C, McCarthy KA, Mirabolfathi N, Moffatt RA, Nelson RH, Novak L, Page K, Partridge R, Pepin M, Phipps A, Platt M, Prasad K, Pyle M, Qiu H, Rau W, Redl P, Reisetter A, Resch RW, Ricci Y, Ruschman M, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Schmitt RL, Schneck K, Schnee RW, Scorza S, Seitz DN, Serfass B, Shank B, Speller D, Tomada A, Upadhyayula S, Villano AN, Welliver B, Wright DH, Yellin S, Yen JJ, Young BA, Zhang J. Search for low-mass weakly interacting massive particles with SuperCDMS. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:241302. [PMID: 24996080 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.241302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using the background rejection capabilities of SuperCDMS. An exposure of 577 kg days was analyzed for WIMPs with mass <30 GeV/c(2), with the signal region blinded. Eleven events were observed after unblinding. We set an upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of 1.2×10(-42) cm(2) at 8 GeV/c(2). This result is in tension with WIMP interpretations of recent experiments and probes new parameter space for WIMP-nucleon scattering for WIMP masses <6 GeV/c(2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Agnese
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A J Anderson
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Asai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Balakishiyeva
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Basu Thakur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D A Bauer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Beaty
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Billard
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Borgland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M A Bowles
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - D Brandt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P L Brink
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Bunker
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - B Cabrera
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D O Caldwell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - D G Cerdeno
- Departamento de Física Teórica and Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Chagani
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Cherry
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Cooley
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - B Cornell
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Crewdson
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7 L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Cushman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Daal
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D DeVaney
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - P C F Di Stefano
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7 L 3N6, Canada
| | - E Do Couto E Silva
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Doughty
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Esteban
- Departamento de Física Teórica and Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Fallows
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - E Figueroa-Feliciano
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G L Godfrey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S R Golwala
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Hall
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Hansen
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H R Harris
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B A Hines
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - T Hofer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Holmgren
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Hsu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M E Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - A Jastram
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - O Kamaev
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7 L 3N6, Canada
| | - B Kara
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M H Kelsey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Kenany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Kennedy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Kiveni
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - K Koch
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Leder
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Loer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Lopez Asamar
- Departamento de Física Teórica and Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Mahapatra
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - V Mandic
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C Martinez
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7 L 3N6, Canada
| | - K A McCarthy
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Mirabolfathi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R A Moffatt
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R H Nelson
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Novak
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - K Page
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7 L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Partridge
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Pepin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Phipps
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Platt
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - K Prasad
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M Pyle
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Qiu
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - W Rau
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7 L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Redl
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Reisetter
- Department of Physics, University of Evansville, Evansville, Indiana 47722, USA
| | - R W Resch
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y Ricci
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7 L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Ruschman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Saab
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Sadoulet
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Sander
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - R L Schmitt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K Schneck
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R W Schnee
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - S Scorza
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - D N Seitz
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B Serfass
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B Shank
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D Speller
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Tomada
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Upadhyayula
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A N Villano
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - B Welliver
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D H Wright
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Yellin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J J Yen
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B A Young
- Department of Physics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA
| | - J Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Agnese R, Anderson AJ, Asai M, Balakishiyeva D, Basu Thakur R, Bauer DA, Billard J, Borgland A, Bowles MA, Brandt D, Brink PL, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Caldwell DO, Cerdeno DG, Chagani H, Cooley J, Cornell B, Crewdson CH, Cushman P, Daal M, Di Stefano PCF, Doughty T, Esteban L, Fallows S, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Godfrey GL, Golwala SR, Hall J, Harris HR, Hertel SA, Hofer T, Holmgren D, Hsu L, Huber ME, Jastram A, Kamaev O, Kara B, Kelsey MH, Kennedy A, Kiveni M, Koch K, Loer B, Lopez Asamar E, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, Martinez C, McCarthy KA, Mirabolfathi N, Moffatt RA, Moore DC, Nadeau P, Nelson RH, Page K, Partridge R, Pepin M, Phipps A, Prasad K, Pyle M, Qiu H, Rau W, Redl P, Reisetter A, Ricci Y, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Schneck K, Schnee RW, Scorza S, Serfass B, Shank B, Speller D, Villano AN, Welliver B, Wright DH, Yellin S, Yen JJ, Young BA, Zhang J. Search for low-mass weakly interacting massive particles using voltage-assisted calorimetric ionization detection in the SuperCDMS experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:041302. [PMID: 24580434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.041302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
SuperCDMS is an experiment designed to directly detect weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), a favored candidate for dark matter ubiquitous in the Universe. In this Letter, we present WIMP-search results using a calorimetric technique we call CDMSlite, which relies on voltage-assisted Luke-Neganov amplification of the ionization energy deposited by particle interactions. The data were collected with a single 0.6 kg germanium detector running for ten live days at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. A low energy threshold of 170 eVee (electron equivalent) was obtained, which allows us to constrain new WIMP-nucleon spin-independent parameter space for WIMP masses below 6 GeV/c2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Agnese
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A J Anderson
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Asai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Balakishiyeva
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Basu Thakur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D A Bauer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Billard
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Borgland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M A Bowles
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - D Brandt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P L Brink
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Bunker
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - B Cabrera
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D O Caldwell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - D G Cerdeno
- Departamento de Física Teórica and Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Chagani
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Cooley
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - B Cornell
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Crewdson
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - P Cushman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Daal
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P C F Di Stefano
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - T Doughty
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Esteban
- Departamento de Física Teórica and Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Fallows
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - E Figueroa-Feliciano
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G L Godfrey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S R Golwala
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Hall
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H R Harris
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Hofer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Holmgren
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Hsu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M E Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - A Jastram
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - O Kamaev
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - B Kara
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M H Kelsey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Kennedy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Kiveni
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - K Koch
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - B Loer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Lopez Asamar
- Departamento de Física Teórica and Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Mahapatra
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - V Mandic
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C Martinez
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - K A McCarthy
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Mirabolfathi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R A Moffatt
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D C Moore
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Nadeau
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - R H Nelson
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Page
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - R Partridge
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Pepin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Phipps
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Prasad
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M Pyle
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Qiu
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - W Rau
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - P Redl
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Reisetter
- Department of Physics, University of Evansville, Evansville, Indiana 47722, USA
| | - Y Ricci
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - T Saab
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Sadoulet
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Sander
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K Schneck
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R W Schnee
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - S Scorza
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - B Serfass
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B Shank
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D Speller
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A N Villano
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - B Welliver
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D H Wright
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Yellin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J J Yen
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B A Young
- Department of Physics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA
| | - J Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Agnese R, Ahmed Z, Anderson AJ, Arrenberg S, Balakishiyeva D, Basu Thakur R, Bauer DA, Billard J, Borgland A, Brandt D, Brink PL, Bruch T, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Caldwell DO, Cerdeno DG, Chagani H, Cooley J, Cornell B, Crewdson CH, Cushman P, Daal M, Dejongh F, do Couto e Silva E, Doughty T, Esteban L, Fallows S, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Filippini J, Fox J, Fritts M, Godfrey GL, Golwala SR, Hall J, Harris RH, Hertel SA, Hofer T, Holmgren D, Hsu L, Huber ME, Jastram A, Kamaev O, Kara B, Kelsey MH, Kennedy A, Kim P, Kiveni M, Koch K, Kos M, Leman SW, Loer B, Lopez Asamar E, Mahapatra R, Mandic V, Martinez C, McCarthy KA, Mirabolfathi N, Moffatt RA, Moore DC, Nadeau P, Nelson RH, Page K, Partridge R, Pepin M, Phipps A, Prasad K, Pyle M, Qiu H, Rau W, Redl P, Reisetter A, Ricci Y, Saab T, Sadoulet B, Sander J, Schneck K, Schnee RW, Scorza S, Serfass B, Shank B, Speller D, Sundqvist KM, Villano AN, Welliver B, Wright DH, Yellin S, Yen JJ, Yoo J, Young BA, Zhang J. Silicon detector dark matter results from the final exposure of CDMS II. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:251301. [PMID: 24483735 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.251301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report results of a search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPS) with the silicon detectors of the CDMS II experiment. This blind analysis of 140.2 kg day of data taken between July 2007 and September 2008 revealed three WIMP-candidate events with a surface-event background estimate of 0.41(-0.08)(+0.20)(stat)(-0.24)(+0.28)(syst). Other known backgrounds from neutrons and 206Pb are limited to <0.13 and <0.08 events at the 90% confidence level, respectively. The exposure of this analysis is equivalent to 23.4 kg day for a recoil energy range of 7-100 keV for a WIMP of mass 10 GeV/c2. The probability that the known backgrounds would produce three or more events in the signal region is 5.4%. A profile likelihood ratio test of the three events that includes the measured recoil energies gives a 0.19% probability for the known-background-only hypothesis when tested against the alternative WIMP+background hypothesis. The highest likelihood occurs for a WIMP mass of 8.6 GeV/c2 and WIMP-nucleon cross section of 1.9×10(-41) cm2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Agnese
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Z Ahmed
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A J Anderson
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Arrenberg
- Physics Institute, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - D Balakishiyeva
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Basu Thakur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D A Bauer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Billard
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Borgland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Brandt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P L Brink
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Bruch
- Physics Institute, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - R Bunker
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - B Cabrera
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D O Caldwell
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - D G Cerdeno
- Departamento de Física Teórica and Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Chagani
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Cooley
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - B Cornell
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Crewdson
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Cushman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Daal
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Dejongh
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E do Couto e Silva
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Doughty
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Esteban
- Departamento de Física Teórica and Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Fallows
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - E Figueroa-Feliciano
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Filippini
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Fox
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Fritts
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - G L Godfrey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S R Golwala
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Hall
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R H Harris
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Hofer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Holmgren
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Hsu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M E Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - A Jastram
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - O Kamaev
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - B Kara
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M H Kelsey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Kennedy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Kiveni
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - K Koch
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Kos
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - S W Leman
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Loer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Lopez Asamar
- Departamento de Física Teórica and Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Mahapatra
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - V Mandic
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C Martinez
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - K A McCarthy
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Mirabolfathi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R A Moffatt
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D C Moore
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Nadeau
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R H Nelson
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Page
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Partridge
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Pepin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Phipps
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Prasad
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M Pyle
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Qiu
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - W Rau
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Redl
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Reisetter
- Department of Physics, University of Evansville, Evansville, Indiana 47722, USA
| | - Y Ricci
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - T Saab
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Sadoulet
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Sander
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - K Schneck
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R W Schnee
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - S Scorza
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - B Serfass
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B Shank
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D Speller
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K M Sundqvist
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A N Villano
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - B Welliver
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D H Wright
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Yellin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J J Yen
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B A Young
- Department of Physics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA
| | - J Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen W, Yu YL, Lee SF, Chiang YJ, Chao JR, Huang JH, Chiong JH, Huang CJ, Lai MZ, Yang-Yen HF, Yen JJ. CREB is one component of the binding complex of the Ces-2/E2A-HLF binding element and is an integral part of the interleukin-3 survival signal. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:4636-46. [PMID: 11416141 PMCID: PMC87131 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.14.4636-4646.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ces-2/E2A-HLF binding element (CBE) is recognized by Caenorhabditis elegans death specification gene product Ces-2 and human acute lymphocytic leukemia oncoprotein E2A-HLF. In an attempt to identify a cellular CBE-binding protein(s) that may be involved in apoptosis regulation in mammals, multiple nuclear binding complexes of CBE were identified in various mammalian cell lines and tissues by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Cyclic AMP (cAMP)-responsive element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) was present in one major CBE complex of Ba/F3 and TF-1 cells, and both in vitro-translated and Escherichia coli-synthesized CREB bound to CBE. Activation of CREB by cAMP-elevating chemicals or the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKAc) resulted in induction of the CBE-driven reporter gene. Stimulation of Ba/F3 cells with interleukin-3 (IL-3) promptly induced phosphorylation of CREB at serine(133) partially via a PKA-dependent pathway. Consistently, Ba/F3 cell survival in the absence of IL-3 was prolonged by activation of PKA. Conversely, treatment of cells with a PKA inhibitor or expression of the dominant negative forms of the regulatory subunit type I of PKA and CREB overrode the survival activity of IL-3. Last, the bcl-2 gene was demonstrated to be one candidate cellular target of the CREB-containing CBE complex, as mutations in the CRE and CBE sites significantly reduced the IL-3 inducibility of the bcl-2 promoter. Together, our results suggest that CREB is one cellular counterpart of Ces-2/E2A-HLF and is part of IL-3 dependent apoptosis regulation in hematopoietic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang HM, Huang CJ, Yen JJ. Mcl-1 is a common target of stem cell factor and interleukin-5 for apoptosis prevention activity via MEK/MAPK and PI-3K/Akt pathways. Blood 2000; 96:1764-71. [PMID: 10961875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF) has been suggested as essential for optimal production of various hematopoietic lineages mainly because of its apoptosis prevention function when it costimulates with other cytokines. However, the underlying mechanism of this synergism of apoptosis prevention is largely unknown. The present study examined the expression of some Bcl-2 family members, including Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), Mcl-1, and Bax, in response to cytokine stimulation in TF-1 and JYTF-1 cells in which SCF costimulation is differentially required for optimal proliferation. The results revealed that only the expression of Mcl-1 highly correlated with the antiapoptotic activity of interleukin-5 (IL-5) and the synergistic effect of SCF. In TF-1 cells, the defect of IL-5 in apoptosis suppression and Mcl-1 induction was associated with the incapability to highly phosphorylate Janus kinases (JAK1, JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (STAT5), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt/PKB, whereas SCF costimulation restored the potent phosphorylation of MAPK and Akt/PKB, but not STAT5. The importance of MAPK and Akt/PKB signaling pathways in regulating the expression of Mcl-1 and cell survival was further supported by the observation that inhibition of MEK by PD98059 or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) by LY294002 independently resulted in the reduction of Mcl-1 expression and loss of cell viability. Therefore, the data suggest that Mcl-1 is a common antiapoptotic target of both early-stage cytokine SCF and late-stage cytokine IL-5. Both MEK/MAPK and PI-3K/Akt signaling pathways are essential in the regulation of Mcl-1 expression and apoptosis prevention. (Blood. 2000;96:1764-1771)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin YH, Huang CJ, Chao JR, Chen ST, Lee SF, Yen JJ, Yang-Yen HF. Coupling of osteopontin and its cell surface receptor CD44 to the cell survival response elicited by interleukin-3 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:2734-42. [PMID: 10733576 PMCID: PMC85489 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.8.2734-2742.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptors for interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) share a common beta subunit, the distal cytoplasmic domain of which is essential for the promotion of cell survival by these two cytokines. Genes whose expression is specifically induced by signaling through the distal cytoplasmic domain of this receptor beta subunit were screened by a subtraction cloning approach in derivatives of a mouse pro-B-cell line. One gene thus identified was shown to encode a protein highly homologous (with only 7 amino acid substitutions) to murine osteopontin (OPN), a secreted adhesion protein. Conditioned medium from cells expressing wild-type OPN, but not that from cells expressing a deletion mutant lacking residues 79 to 140, increased the viability of a non-OPN-producing cell line in the presence of human GM-CSF. Antibody blocking experiments revealed that OPN produced as a result of IL-3 or GM-CSF signaling was secreted into the medium and, through binding to its cell surface receptor, CD44, contributed to the survival-promoting activities of these two cytokines. Furthermore, coupling of the OPN-CD44 pathway to the survival response to IL-3 was also demonstrated in primary IL-3-dependent mouse bone marrow cells. These results thus show that induction of an extracellular adhesion protein and consequent activation of its cell surface receptor are important for the antiapoptotic activities of IL-3 and GM-CSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee SF, Huang HM, Chao JR, Lin S, Yang-Yen HF, Yen JJ. Cytokine receptor common beta chain as a potential activator of cytokine withdrawal-induced apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:7399-409. [PMID: 10523628 PMCID: PMC84733 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.19.11.7399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factors and cytokines play an important role in supporting cellular viability of various tissues during development due to their ability to suppress the default cell death program in each cell type. To date, neither the triggering molecule nor the transduction pathway of these default apoptosis programs is understood. In this study, we explored the possibility that cytokine receptors are involved in modulating cytokine withdrawal-induced apoptosis (CWIA) in hematopoietic cells. Expression of the exogenous cytokine receptor common beta chain (betac), but not the alpha chains, accelerated CWIA in multiple cytokine-dependent cell lines. Reduction of the expression level of endogenous betac by antisense transcripts resulted in prolonged survival during cytokine deprivation, suggesting a critical role of betac in modulating CWIA. Fine mapping of the betac subunit revealed that a membrane-proximal cytoplasmic sequence, designated the death enhancement region (DER), was critical to the death acceleration effect of betac. Furthermore, DER accelerated cell death either as a chimeric membrane protein or as a cytosolic protein, suggesting that DER functions independently of the cytokine receptor and membrane anchorage. Cross-linking of the chimeric membrane-bound DER molecules by antibody or of the FK506-binding protein-DER fusion protein by a synthetic dimerizing agent, AP1510, did not abrogate the death acceleration effect. Transient transfection assays further indicated that DER promoted cell death in the absence of serum in the nonhematopoietic 293 cell line. In summary, our data suggest that betac plays an important role in modulating CWIA via an anchorage-independent and aggregation-insensitive mechanism. These findings may facilitate further studies on the signaling pathways of CWIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S F Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang JM, Chao JR, Chen W, Kuo ML, Yen JJ, Yang-Yen HF. The antiapoptotic gene mcl-1 is up-regulated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway through a transcription factor complex containing CREB. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:6195-206. [PMID: 10454566 PMCID: PMC84561 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.19.9.6195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
mcl-1 is an immediate-early gene activated by the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 3 (IL-3) signaling pathways and plays an important role in the viability response of these cytokines. In this study, we demonstrated that cytokine stimulation of mcl-1 mRNA and protein expression were attenuated by pretreatment of cells with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitors. Reporter gene assays further showed that the PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway was involved in IL-3 activation of mcl-1 gene transcription. Analysis of the mcl-1 promoter revealed that both promoter elements, SIE at position -87 and CRE-2 at -70, contribute to IL-3 stimulation of mcl-1 gene expression. Although either the SIE site or the CRE-2 site alone was sufficient to confer IL-3 inducibility on a heterologous promoter, only IL-3 activation of the CRE-2 reporter was mediated via the PI3-K/Akt pathway. The SIE binding activity was constitutively high in cells deprived of or stimulated by IL-3. In contrast, the CRE-2 binding activity was low in cytokine-starved cells and was strongly induced within 1 h following cytokine treatment of cells. In addition, cytokine induction of the CRE-2 but not of the SIE binding activity was dependent on activation of the PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway. Lastly, we showed that CREB was one component of the CRE-2 binding complex and played a role in IL-3 activation of the mcl-1 reporter gene. Taken together, our results suggest that both PI3-K/Akt-dependent and -independent pathways contribute to the IL-3 activation of mcl-1 gene expression. Activation of mcl-1 by the PI3-K/Akt-dependent pathway is through a transcription factor complex containing CREB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Wang
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical School, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang HM, Li JC, Hsieh YC, Yang-Yen HF, Yen JJ. Optimal proliferation of a hematopoietic progenitor cell line requires either costimulation with stem cell factor or increase of receptor expression that can be replaced by overexpression of Bcl-2. Blood 1999; 93:2569-77. [PMID: 10194436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells requires costimulation by multiple regulatory factors whereas expansion of lineage-committed progenitor cells generated by stem cells usually requires only a single factor. The distinct requirement of factors for proliferation coincides with the differential temporal expression of the subunits of cytokine receptors during early stem cell differentiation. In this study, we explored the underlying mechanism of the requirement of costimulation in a hematopoietic progenitor cell line TF-1. We found that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) optimally activated proliferation of TF-1 cells regardless of the presence or absence of stem cell factor (SCF). However, interleukin-5 (IL-5) alone sustained survival of TF-1 cells and required costimulation of SCF for optimal proliferation. The synergistic effect of SCF was partly due to its anti-apoptosis activity. Overexpression of the IL-5 receptor alpha subunit (IL5Ralpha) in TF-1 cells by genetic selection or retroviral infection also resumed optimal proliferation due to correction of the defect in apoptosis suppression. Exogenous expression of an oncogenic anti-apoptosis protein, Bcl-2, conferred on TF-1 cells an IL-5-dependent phenotype. In summary, our data suggested SCF costimulation is only necessary when the expression level of IL5Ralpha is low and apoptosis suppression is defective in the signal transduction of IL-5. Expression of Bcl-2 proteins released the growth restriction of the progenitor cells and may be implicated in leukemia formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chao JR, Wang JM, Lee SF, Peng HW, Lin YH, Chou CH, Li JC, Huang HM, Chou CK, Kuo ML, Yen JJ, Yang-Yen HF. mcl-1 is an immediate-early gene activated by the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling pathway and is one component of the GM-CSF viability response. Mol Cell Biol 1998; 18:4883-98. [PMID: 9671497 PMCID: PMC109073 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.18.8.4883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
mcl-1, a bcl-2 family member, was originally identified as an early gene induced during differentiation of ML-1 myeloid leukemia cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that Mcl-1 is tightly regulated by the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling pathway. Upon deprivation of survival factor from TF-1 myeloid progenitor cells, Mcl-1 levels quickly dropped prior to visible detection of apoptosis of these cells. Upon restimulation of these deprived cells with GM-CSF, the mcl-1 mRNA was immediately induced and its protein product was accordingly resynthesized. Analysis with Ba/F3 cells expressing various truncation mutants of the GM-CSF receptor revealed that the membrane distal region between amino acids 573 and 755 of the receptor beta chain was required for mcl-1 induction. Transient-transfection assays with luciferase reporter genes driven by various regions of the mcl-1 promoter demonstrated that the upstream sequence between -197 and -69 is responsible for cytokine activation of the mcl-1 gene. Overexpression of mcl-1 delayed but did not completely prevent apoptosis of cells triggered by cytokine withdrawal. Its down regulation by antisense constructs overcame, at least partially, the survival activity of GM-CSF and induced the apoptosis of TF-1 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that mcl-1 is an immediate-early gene activated by the cytokine receptor signaling pathway and is one component of the GM-CSF viability response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Chao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University Medical School, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Peck K, Wung SL, Chang GS, Yen JJ, Hsieh YZ. Restriction mapping of genes by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal Chem 1997; 69:1380-4. [PMID: 9105179 DOI: 10.1021/ac9609586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Restriction mapping is one of the essential steps in gene analysis and molecular biology studies. Slab gel electrophoresis is the traditional way to separate DNA fragments for restriction mapping. However, slab gel electrophoresis does not provide sufficient resolution as required in many mapping applications, and the use of radioisotopes in traditional mapping methods creates health hazards. In the present study, capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence detection and a modified partial digestion mapping procedure was developed to map DNA fragments. By using capillary electrophoresis, a restriction map of genomic lambda phage clone of human interleukin 5 receptor alpha chain (IL5R alpha) gene was constructed. The IL5R alpha gene was analyzed to have five XbaI enzyme cutting sites at locations 1370, 2290, 2950, 5430, and 9330. The system was further characterized by using pBluescript SK(+) phagemid DNA as a model. Using a sequence-derived map as a reference, the pBluescript SK(+) restriction map constructed by capillary electrophoresis had an accuracy greater than 90%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Peck
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chao JR, Chen CS, Wang TF, Tseng LH, Tsai JJ, Kuo ML, Yen JJ, Yang Yen HF. Characterization of factor-independent variants derived from TF-1 hematopoietic progenitor cells: the role of the Raf/MAP kinase pathway in the anti-apoptotic effect of GM-CSF. Oncogene 1997; 14:721-8. [PMID: 9038380 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1200884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human hematopoietic progenitor cells (TF-1) undergo apoptosis upon deprivation of their dependent cytokine. In this report, we have isolated and characterized some spontaneously derived cytokine-independent variants from TF-1 cells. Analysis of several signaling molecules known to be activated by the GM-CSF pathway revealed that two non-autocrine variants were still responsive to GM-CSF stimulation. However, both variants, without ligand stimulation, already had some activated forms of Raf and MAP kinases. Given current knowledge, the activated Raf/MAP kinase pathway was likely to be responsible for the survival of both variants in the cytokine-free medium. However, the growth of hybrids between wild type and either variant was unexpectedly dependent on GM-CSF. Both variants like the wild type cells were still susceptible to apoptosis induced by other stimuli. These results suggest that either the activated Raf/MAP kinase pathway in both variants is not sufficient to repress the 'two-fold' death signals generated from the hybrids or that there is another mechanism that is responsible for the factor-independent growth of both variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Chao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academica Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiang MC, Yang-Yen HF, Lin JK, Yen JJ. Differential regulation of p53, c-Myc, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression during apoptosis induced by widely divergent stimuli in human hepatoblastoma cells. Oncogene 1996; 13:609-16. [PMID: 8760302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis of HepG2 cells triggered by various agents is characterized in an attempt to delineate the common apoptosis signaling pathway in human hepatoma cells. Several hallmarks of apoptosis, including DNA laddering, chromatin condensation and fragmentation, and an apoptosis specific cleavage of 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA were observed after treatment with curcumin. Curcumin treatment however did not alter the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. p53 protein accumulated slowly and decreased abruptly after reaching the maximum. Conversely, c-Myc protein decreased initially and subsequently increased preceding the onset of apoptosis. The accumulation of p53 protein is not due to increased levels of p53 mRNA and does not result in growth arrest. Staurosporine, quinacrine, ultraviolet irradiation, hydrogen peroxide, and cyclohexamide are all capable of triggering apoptosis in HepG2 cells. While most of these agents affect the expression levels of p53 and c-Myc similarly, none of them altered the expression levels of the Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. In conclusion, these data suggest that p53 and c-Myc may play a more important role in the apoptosis signaling pathway in HepG2 cells, than the bcl-2 gene family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Curcumin, which is a widely used dietary pigment and spice, has been demonstrated to be an effective inhibitor of tumor promotion in mouse skin carcinogenesis. We report that curcumin induces cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation, characteristics of apoptosis, in immortalized mouse embryo fibroblast NIH 3T3 erb B2 oncogene-transformed NIH 3T3, mouse sarcoma S180, human colon cancer cell HT-29, human kidney cancer cell 293, and human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep G2 cells, but not in primary culture of mouse embryonic fibroblast C3H 10T1/2, rat embryonic fibroblast, and human foreskin fibroblast cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Many cellular and biochemical effects of curcumin in mouse fibroblast cells have been reported, such as inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) activity induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment, inhibition of tyrosine protein kinase activity, and inhibition of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. Treatment of NIH 3T3 cells with the PKC inhibitor staurosporine, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A, and the AA metabolism inhibitor quinacrine induces apoptotic cell death. These results suggest that, in some immortalized and transformed cells, blocking the cellular signal transduction might trigger the induction of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Jiang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu JJ, Chao JR, Jiang MC, Ng SY, Yen JJ, Yang-Yen HF. Ras transformation results in an elevated level of cyclin D1 and acceleration of G1 progression in NIH 3T3 cells. Mol Cell Biol 1995; 15:3654-63. [PMID: 7791772 PMCID: PMC230603 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.15.7.3654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic overexpression of v-H-Ras protein in NIH 3T3 cells resulted in cellular transformation and an acceleration of G1 progression of these cells. A shortened G1 phase was found to be associated with an increased level of cyclin D1 but not cyclin E protein. Using an antisense blocking method, reduced synthesis of cyclin D1 in v-H-Ras transformants resulted in a slower G1 progression rate of these cells. Although constitutive overexpression of cyclin D1 in NIH 3T3 cells accelerated G1 progression, cells remained untransformed. Furthermore, inhibition of cyclin D1 synthesis greatly impaired the soft-agar cloning efficiency of v-H-Ras transformants. These results suggest that increased expression of cyclin D1 is necessary but not sufficient for the transforming activity of v-H-Ras. Similar effect on cell cycle progression was also observed in Raf-transformed cells. In addition to cyclin D1, cyclin E protein was found to be elevated in Src transformants. This may account for the further shortening of the G1 phase of these cells. Activation of an additional Ras-independent pathway was suggested to be responsible for the further acceleration of the G1 phase in Src transformants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yen JJ, Hsieh YC, Yen CL, Chang CC, Lin S, Yang-Yen HF. Restoring the apoptosis suppression response to IL-5 confers on erythroleukemic cells a phenotype of IL-5-dependent growth. J Immunol 1995; 154:2144-52. [PMID: 7868889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have established a human IL-5 (hIL-5) dependent cell line, JYTF-1, derived from TF-1 parental human erythroleukemic cells by long-term cultivation in the presence of hIL-5. The ED50 values of hIL-5 for both TF-1 and JYTF-1 cell lines remained similar. However, when cells were grown in an optimal concentration of IL-5, some TF-1 cells but not JYTF-1 cells died via apoptosis. Although the rates of DNA synthesis were similar for TF-1 and JYTF-1 cells grown in IL-5, [3-H]thymidine releasing of pulse-labeled DNA analysis indicated that the viable TF-1 cells in IL-5 were more apoptosis-prone than were JYTF-1 cells. Therefore, in the JYTF-1 variant, the ability to suppress apoptosis has apparently been restored. The following findings suggest that overexpression of the hIL-5 receptor alpha-chain may be responsible for restoring the apoptosis suppression ability of IL-5: 1) the growth of JYTF-1 cells remained cytokine-dependent; 2) the proliferation of JYTF-1 cells in IL-5 was not mediated by autocrine secretion; 3) JYTF-1 and TF-1 cells responded similarly to other cytokines such as human erythropoietin; 4) Northern blot analysis revealed that JYTF-1 cells expressed approximately eightfold more IL-5 receptor alpha-chain mRNA than did TF-1. To our knowledge, JYTF-1 represents the first example in which coupling of mitogenesis stimulation and apoptosis suppression from otherwise uncoupled parental cells confers a phenotype of IL-5-dependent growth.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Base Sequence
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Division/immunology
- DNA Primers/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Interleukin-5/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-5
- Thymidine/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Yen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yen JJ, Hsieh YC, Yen CL, Chang CC, Lin S, Yang-Yen HF. Restoring the apoptosis suppression response to IL-5 confers on erythroleukemic cells a phenotype of IL-5-dependent growth. The Journal of Immunology 1995. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.154.5.2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have established a human IL-5 (hIL-5) dependent cell line, JYTF-1, derived from TF-1 parental human erythroleukemic cells by long-term cultivation in the presence of hIL-5. The ED50 values of hIL-5 for both TF-1 and JYTF-1 cell lines remained similar. However, when cells were grown in an optimal concentration of IL-5, some TF-1 cells but not JYTF-1 cells died via apoptosis. Although the rates of DNA synthesis were similar for TF-1 and JYTF-1 cells grown in IL-5, [3-H]thymidine releasing of pulse-labeled DNA analysis indicated that the viable TF-1 cells in IL-5 were more apoptosis-prone than were JYTF-1 cells. Therefore, in the JYTF-1 variant, the ability to suppress apoptosis has apparently been restored. The following findings suggest that overexpression of the hIL-5 receptor alpha-chain may be responsible for restoring the apoptosis suppression ability of IL-5: 1) the growth of JYTF-1 cells remained cytokine-dependent; 2) the proliferation of JYTF-1 cells in IL-5 was not mediated by autocrine secretion; 3) JYTF-1 and TF-1 cells responded similarly to other cytokines such as human erythropoietin; 4) Northern blot analysis revealed that JYTF-1 cells expressed approximately eightfold more IL-5 receptor alpha-chain mRNA than did TF-1. To our knowledge, JYTF-1 represents the first example in which coupling of mitogenesis stimulation and apoptosis suppression from otherwise uncoupled parental cells confers a phenotype of IL-5-dependent growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Yen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Y C Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - C L Yen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - C C Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - S Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - H F Yang-Yen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|