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Qi ZB, Xiao L, Duan JL, Xiong JF, Le KL, Song Y, Wang HY, Dai JN. [Analysis of saliva cotinine and 3'-hydroxynicotinine concentration levels among restaurant workers in six cities of China]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 55:1482-1485. [PMID: 34963247 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210209-00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted between November to December 2020, consisting of six representative cities, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen (with comprehensive smoke-free legislation), and Changsha, Chongqing, Shenyang (without comprehensive smoke-free legislation), 678 subjects were enrolled eventually, the mean age of the 678 subjects was (35.61±12.91)years old. Subjects from cities with comprehensive smoke-free legislation accounted for 49.71% of the total; male subjects accounted for 19.47%; meanwhile subjects from large, medium, and small restaurants accounted for 13.57% (92), 37.32% (253) and 49.11% (333) respectively. The analysis results indicate that the positive rate of restaurants staff of cotinine and 3'-hydroxynicotinine was lower in cities with comprehensive smoke-free legislation(34.12% vs 68.04%, χ²=78.01, P<0.001; 16.32% vs 41.94%, χ²=53.79, P<0.001), with staff from cities with comprehensive smoke-free legislation have lower concentrations of cotinine and 3'-hydroxynicotinine than their counterparts from cities without comprehensive smoke-free legislation(0.250 ng/ml vs 0.742 ng/ml, P<0.001; 0.250 ng/ml vs 0.250 ng/ml, P<0.001). No statistically significant difference in the concentration of cotinine and 3'-hydroxynicotinine in saliva between staff from restaurants of different sizes was detected (P>0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z B Qi
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - L Xiao
- Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - J L Duan
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention Health Promotion Office, Beijing 100013, China
| | - J F Xiong
- Shenzhen Chronic Disease Prevention Center, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - K L Le
- Shanghai Health Promotion Center Tobacco Control and Behavior Intervention Department, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Y Song
- Shenyang Health Service Center, Shenyang 110031, China
| | - H Y Wang
- Hunan Health Committee Health Education Publicity Center,Changsha 410005, China
| | - J N Dai
- Chongqing Health Education Institute and Tobacco Control Office, Chongqing 401120, China
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Wang R, Zhao D, Liu YJ, Ye C, Qian JR, Dai JN, Liu SY, Liu JY, Li B, Wang MJ, Ping J. Prognostic significance of preoperative radiotherapy in stage II and III rectal cancer patients: A Strobe-compliant study of SEER 18 registries database (1988-2011). Neoplasma 2019; 66:995-1001. [PMID: 31305123 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2019_190112n36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Preoperative radiation therapy has been regarded as the optional neoadjuvant treatment to decrease local recurrence of rectal cancer in addition to surgery. However, its benefit in survival remained obscure. This study was aimed to measure the efficacy of preoperative radiation therapy for survival in stage II and III rectal cancer patients. Retrospective cohort study used the database of Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program of the National Cancer Institute in the United States from 1988 to 2011. A total of 49439 patients diagnosed with primary rectal cancer who underwent surgery were included. Clinicopathological characteristics and rectal cancer-specific survival between surgery alone group and surgery plus preoperative radiation therapy group were compared. Rectal cancer patients in surgery plus preoperative radiation therapy group had significantly better survival than those in surgery alone group (72.70% vs. 66.61%, P < 0.001), as well as stratified by stages (stage II: 77.4% vs. 74.3%, P < 0.001; stage III: 68.3% vs. 58.6%, P < 0.001). However, this beneficial impact was only observed after 2000s (P < 0.001). Multivariate survival analysis revealed that preoperative radiation therapy was an independent predictor for better survival in stage III (hazard ratio, 0.795; 95% CI, 0.753-0.840; P < 0.001), but not in stage II (P = 0.70). Preoperative radiation therapy might bring a better survival in stage II and III rectal cancer patients, but only as an independent predictor for stage III patients. As time progressed, preoperative radiation therapy might yield more profit for stage II and III rectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - D Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Karamay Municipal Peoples' Hospital, Karamay, China
| | - Y J Liu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - C Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J R Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Karamay Municipal Peoples' Hospital, Karamay, China
| | - J N Dai
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - S Y Liu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Y Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Karamay Municipal Peoples' Hospital, Karamay, China
| | - B Li
- Department of General Surgery, Karamay Municipal Peoples' Hospital, Karamay, China
| | - M J Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Ping
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
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Wang S, Tian W, Wu F, Zhang J, Dai JN, Wu ZH, Fang YY, Tian Y, Chen CQ. Efficient optical coupling in AlGaN/GaN quantum well infrared photodetector via quasi-one-dimensional gold grating. Opt Express 2015; 23:8740-8748. [PMID: 25968712 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.008740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this letter, a new kind of grating, quasi-one-dimensional gold grating, has been proposed to enhance the optical coupling in AlGaN/GaN quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP). The electric field distribution, current density and energy flow are analyzed by an algorithm of finite element method (FEM). Significantly enhanced electric field component E(z) perpendicular to multiple quantum wells (MQWs) is explained by introducing the resonant coupling of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) and localized surface plasmon (LSP). The |E(z)|(2) in MQWs reaches 0.85 (V/m(2) when the electric field intensity (|E(0)|(2)) of normal incidence is 1 (V/m(2) at 4.65 μm, showing 2 times and 1.3 times increase compared with that obtained via a one-dimensional gold grating and a two-dimensional gold grating, respectively. The results confirm that the quasi-one-dimensional gold grating provides more plasma excitation source and higher charge density with structure optimization, resulting in a high optical coupling efficiency of 85% in quantum well region.
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Wu F, Tian W, Zhang J, Wang S, Wan QX, Dai JN, Wu ZH, Xu JT, Li XY, Fang YY, Chen CQ. Double-resonance enhanced intersubband second-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities in GaN/AlGaN step quantum wells. Opt Express 2014; 22:14212-14220. [PMID: 24977518 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.014212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Second-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities for second harmonic generation (SHG) associated with intersubband transitions in GaN/AlGaN single quantum well and step quantum well have been studied theoretically by solving Schrödinger and Poisson equations self-consistently. The calculated results suggest that due to the very large polarization-induced field in the quantum well, the potential profile becomes asymmetrical, leading to large second-order susceptibilities. A high value about 4 × 10-7 m/V can be obtained in single quantum well structure. Furthermore, by adopting step quantum well structure to increase the asymmetry degree of the potential profile and manipulate the energy levels for double-resonance, a significant enhancement of second-order susceptibility can occur in step quantum well. Specifically, the susceptibility can be as large as 4 × 10-6 m/V with structure optimization, about an order of magnitude greater than that in single quantum well. The results indicate that nonlinear optical elements based on GaN/AlGaN step quantum wells are very promising for SHG in a wide range of wavelengths from telecommunication to mid-infrared, especially effective in longer wavelength.
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