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Ramaboli MC, Ocvirk S, Khan Mirzaei M, Eberhart BL, Valdivia-Garcia M, Metwaly A, Neuhaus K, Barker G, Ru J, Nesengani LT, Mahdi-Joest D, Wilson AS, Joni SK, Layman DC, Zheng J, Mandal R, Chen Q, Perez MR, Fortuin S, Gaunt B, Wishart D, Methé B, Haller D, Li JV, Deng L, Swart R, O'Keefe SJD. Diet changes due to urbanization in South Africa are linked to microbiome and metabolome signatures of Westernization and colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3379. [PMID: 38643180 PMCID: PMC11032404 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition from traditional high-fiber to Western diets in urbanizing communities of Sub-Saharan Africa is associated with increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCD), exemplified by colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. To investigate how urbanization gives rise to microbial patterns that may be amenable by dietary intervention, we analyzed diet intake, fecal 16 S bacteriome, virome, and metabolome in a cross-sectional study in healthy rural and urban Xhosa people (South Africa). Urban Xhosa individuals had higher intakes of energy (urban: 3,578 ± 455; rural: 2,185 ± 179 kcal/d), fat and animal protein. This was associated with lower fecal bacteriome diversity and a shift from genera favoring degradation of complex carbohydrates (e.g., Prevotella) to taxa previously shown to be associated with bile acid metabolism and CRC. Urban Xhosa individuals had higher fecal levels of deoxycholic acid, shown to be associated with higher CRC risk, but similar short-chain fatty acid concentrations compared with rural individuals. Fecal virome composition was associated with distinct gut bacterial communities across urbanization, characterized by different dominant host bacteria (urban: Bacteriodota; rural: unassigned taxa) and variable correlation with fecal metabolites and dietary nutrients. Food and skin microbiota samples showed compositional differences along the urbanization gradient. Rural-urban dietary transition in South Africa is linked to major changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome. Further studies are needed to prove cause and identify whether restoration of specific components of the traditional diet will arrest the accelerating rise in NCDs in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Ramaboli
- African Microbiome Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Ocvirk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Intestinal Microbiology Research Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - M Khan Mirzaei
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Microbial Disease Prevention, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - B L Eberhart
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Valdivia-Garcia
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Metwaly
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - K Neuhaus
- Core Facility Microbiome, ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - G Barker
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Ru
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Microbial Disease Prevention, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - L T Nesengani
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - D Mahdi-Joest
- Intestinal Microbiology Research Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
| | - A S Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S K Joni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D C Layman
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Zheng
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - R Mandal
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Q Chen
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M R Perez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S Fortuin
- African Microbiome Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Gaunt
- Zithulele Hospital, Mqanduli District, Mqanduli, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
| | - D Wishart
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - B Methé
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Haller
- ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - J V Li
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L Deng
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Microbial Disease Prevention, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - R Swart
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S J D O'Keefe
- African Microbiome Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Landy J, Walker AW, Li JV, Al-Hassi HO, Ronde E, English NR, Mann ER, Bernardo D, McLaughlin SD, Parkhill J, Ciclitira PJ, Clark SK, Knight SC, Hart AL. Variable alterations of the microbiota, without metabolic or immunological change, following faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with chronic pouchitis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12955. [PMID: 26264409 PMCID: PMC4532993 DOI: 10.1038/srep12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is effective in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection, where efficacy correlates with changes in microbiota diversity and composition. The effects of FMT on recipient microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) remain unclear. We assessed the effects of FMT on microbiota composition and function, mucosal immune response, and clinical outcome in patients with chronic pouchitis. Eight patients with chronic pouchitis (current PDAI ≥7) were treated with FMT via nasogastric administration. Clinical activity was assessed before and four weeks following FMT. Faecal coliform antibiotic sensitivities were analysed, and changes in pouch faecal and mucosal microbiota assessed by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Lamina propria dendritic cell phenotype and cytokine profiles were assessed by flow cytometric analysis and multiplex assay. Following FMT, there were variable shifts in faecal and mucosal microbiota composition and, in some patients, changes in proportional abundance of species suggestive of a "healthier" pouch microbiota. However, there were no significant FMT-induced metabolic or immunological changes, or beneficial clinical response. Given the lack of clinical response following FMT via a single nasogastric administration our results suggest that FMT/bacteriotherapy for pouchitis patients requires further optimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Landy
- 1] IBD Unit, Gastroenterology Dept. St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, UK [2] Antigen Presentation Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK
| | - A W Walker
- 1] Pathogen Genomics Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK [2] Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Greenburn Road, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J V Li
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health &Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H O Al-Hassi
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK
| | - E Ronde
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK
| | - N R English
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK
| | - E R Mann
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK
| | - D Bernardo
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK
| | - S D McLaughlin
- School of Health and Social Care, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - J Parkhill
- Pathogen Genomics Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - P J Ciclitira
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - S K Clark
- Department of Surgery, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, UK
| | - S C Knight
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK
| | - A L Hart
- 1] IBD Unit, Gastroenterology Dept. St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, UK [2] Antigen Presentation Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK
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Wu Q, Li JV, Seyfried F, le Roux CW, Ashrafian H, Athanasiou T, Fenske W, Darzi A, Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Gooderham NJ. Metabolic phenotype-microRNA data fusion analysis of the systemic consequences of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1126-34. [PMID: 25783038 PMCID: PMC4766927 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Bariatric surgery offers sustained marked weight loss and often remission of type 2 diabetes, yet the mechanisms of establishment of these health benefits are not clear. Subjects/Methods: We mapped the coordinated systemic responses of gut hormones, the circulating miRNAome and the metabolome in a rat model of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Results: The response of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) to RYGB was striking and selective. Analysis of 14 significantly altered circulating miRNAs within a pathway context was suggestive of modulation of signaling pathways including G protein signaling, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and growth and apoptosis responses. Concomitant alterations in the metabolome indicated increased glucose transport, accelerated glycolysis and inhibited gluconeogenesis in the liver. Of particular significance, we show significantly decreased circulating miRNA-122 levels and a more modest decline in hepatic levels, following surgery. In mechanistic studies, manipulation of miRNA-122 levels in a cell model induced changes in the activity of key enzymes involved in hepatic energy metabolism, glucose transport, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose phosphate shunt, fatty-acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis, consistent with the findings of the in vivo surgery-mediated responses, indicating the powerful homeostatic activity of the miRNAs. Conclusions: The close association between energy metabolism, neuronal signaling and gut microbial metabolites derived from the circulating miRNA, plasma, urine and liver metabolite and gut hormone correlations further supports an enhanced gut-brain signaling, which we suggest is hormonally mediated by both traditional gut hormones and miRNAs. This transomic approach to map the crosstalk between the circulating miRNAome and metabolome offers opportunities to understand complex systems biology within a disease and interventional treatment setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wu
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - J V Li
- 1] Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK [2] Center for Digestive and Gut Health, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - F Seyfried
- Department of General and Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C W le Roux
- 1] Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Pathology, Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland [2] Investigative Science, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H Ashrafian
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - T Athanasiou
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - W Fenske
- Department of General and Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Darzi
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - J K Nicholson
- 1] Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK [2] Center for Digestive and Gut Health, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E Holmes
- 1] Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK [2] Center for Digestive and Gut Health, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - N J Gooderham
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
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Ashrafian H, Athanasiou T, Li JV, Bueter M, Ahmed K, Nagpal K, Holmes E, Darzi A, Bloom SR. Diabetes resolution and hyperinsulinaemia after metabolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Rev 2011; 12:e257-72. [PMID: 20880129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose metabolism continues to rise in conjunction with the pandemic of obesity. The metabolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operation offers the successful resolution of diabetes in addition to sustained weight loss and excellent long-term outcomes in morbidly obese individuals. The procedure consists of the physiological BRAVE effects: (i) Bile flow alteration; (ii) Reduction of gastric size; (iii) Anatomical gut rearrangement and altered flow of nutrients; (iv) Vagal manipulation and (v) Enteric gut hormone modulation. This operation provides anti-diabetic effects through decreasing insulin resistance and increasing the efficiency of insulin secretion. These metabolic outcomes are achieved through weight-independent and weight-dependent mechanisms. These include the foregut, midgut and hindgut mechanisms, decreased inflammation, fat, adipokine and bile metabolism, metabolic modulation, shifts in gut microbial composition and intestinal gluconeogenesis. In a small minority of patients, gastric bypass results in hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia that may lead to nesidioblastosis (pancreatic beta-cell hypertrophy with islet hyperplasia). Elucidating the precise metabolic mechanisms of diabetes resolution and hyperinsulinaemia after surgery can lead to improved operations and disease-specific procedures including 'diabetes surgery'. It can also improve our understanding of diabetes pathogenesis that may provide novel strategies for the management of metabolic syndrome and impaired glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ashrafian
- The Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Ashrafian H, Athanasiou T, Li JV, Bueter M, Ahmed K, Nagpal K, Holmes E, Darzi A, Bloom SR. Diabetes resolution and hyperinsulinaemia after metabolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Rev 2010. [PMID: 20880129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467–789x.2010.00802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose metabolism continues to rise in conjunction with the pandemic of obesity. The metabolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operation offers the successful resolution of diabetes in addition to sustained weight loss and excellent long-term outcomes in morbidly obese individuals. The procedure consists of the physiological BRAVE effects: (i) Bile flow alteration; (ii) Reduction of gastric size; (iii) Anatomical gut rearrangement and altered flow of nutrients; (iv) Vagal manipulation and (v) Enteric gut hormone modulation. This operation provides anti-diabetic effects through decreasing insulin resistance and increasing the efficiency of insulin secretion. These metabolic outcomes are achieved through weight-independent and weight-dependent mechanisms. These include the foregut, midgut and hindgut mechanisms, decreased inflammation, fat, adipokine and bile metabolism, metabolic modulation, shifts in gut microbial composition and intestinal gluconeogenesis. In a small minority of patients, gastric bypass results in hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia that may lead to nesidioblastosis (pancreatic beta-cell hypertrophy with islet hyperplasia). Elucidating the precise metabolic mechanisms of diabetes resolution and hyperinsulinaemia after surgery can lead to improved operations and disease-specific procedures including 'diabetes surgery'. It can also improve our understanding of diabetes pathogenesis that may provide novel strategies for the management of metabolic syndrome and impaired glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ashrafian
- The Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Garcia-Perez I, Couto Alves A, Angulo S, Li JV, Utzinger J, Ebbels TMD, Legido-Quigley C, Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Barbas C. Bidirectional correlation of NMR and capillary electrophoresis fingerprints: a new approach to investigating Schistosoma mansoni infection in a mouse model. Anal Chem 2010; 82:203-10. [PMID: 19961175 DOI: 10.1021/ac901728w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the statistical integration of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis (CE) data in order to describe a pathological state caused by Schistosoma mansoni infection in a mouse model based on urinary metabolite profiles. Urine samples from mice 53 days post infection with S. mansoni and matched controls were analyzed via NMR spectroscopy and CE. The two sets of metabolic profiles were first processed and analyzed independently and were subsequently integrated using statistical correlation methods in order to facilitate cross assignment of metabolites. Using this approach, metabolites such as 3-ureidopropionate, p-cresol glucuronide, phenylacetylglycine, indoxyl sulfate, isocitrate, and trimethylamine were identified as differentiating between infected and control animals. These correlation analyses facilitated structural elucidation using the identification power of one technique to enhance and validate the other, but also highlighted the enhanced ability to detect functional correlations between metabolites, thereby providing potential for achieving deeper mechanistic insight into the biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Garcia-Perez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pablo-CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
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