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Is benzyl alcohol a significant contact sensitizer? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:866-872. [PMID: 35080274 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzyl alcohol is a widely used preservative, solvent, and fragrance material. According to published data, it is a rare sensitizer in humans. OBJECTIVES To identify characteristics and sensitization patterns of patients with positive patch test reactions to benzyl alcohol and to check the reliability of the patch test preparation benzyl alcohol 1% pet. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), 2010-2019. RESULTS Of 70,867 patients patch tested with benzyl alcohol 1% pet., 146 (0.21%) showed a positive reaction, most of them (89%) only weak positive. The number of doubtful and irritant reactions significantly exceeded the number of positive reactions. Reproducibility of positive test reactions was low. Among benzyl alcohol-positive patients, compared to benzyl alcohol negative patients, there were significantly more patients with leg dermatitis (17.8% vs. 8.6%), more patients aged 40 years or more (81.5% vs. 70.5%), and more patients who were tested because of a suspected intolerance reaction to topical medications (34.9% vs. 16.6%). Concomitant positive reactions were mainly seen to fragrances, preservatives, and ointment bases. CONCLUSIONS Sensitization to benzyl alcohol occurs very rarely, mainly in patients with stasis dermatitis. In view of our results, benzyl alcohol cannot be regarded as a significant contact allergen, and therefore marking it as skin sensitizer 1B and labelling it with H 317 is not helpful.
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Work-related hazards due to oak processionary moths: a pilot survey on medical symptoms. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e779-e782. [PMID: 34138502 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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‘The need for dose–response studies: time for a reminder?’ – reply from the authors. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:1148-1149. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Trends and current spectrum of contact allergy in Central Europe: results of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) 2007–2018*. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:857-865. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Atopy patch testing with aeroallergens in a large clinical population of dermatitis patients in Germany and Switzerland, 2000-2015: a retrospective multicentre study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2086-2095. [PMID: 32003071 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnostic significance of the atopy patch test for the management of dermatitis possibly triggered by aeroallergens is still controversial. However, sufficiently large studies with routinely tested standardized aeroallergen patch test preparations in dermatitis patients are lacking. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reaction frequency and the reaction profiles of 10 until mid-2015 commercially available, standardized aeroallergen patch test preparations of the 'Stallerpatch' test series (Stallergenes, Antony Cedex, France) in a large multicentre patient cohort. METHODS A retrospective data analysis of patients with suspected aeroallergen-dependent eczematous skin lesions was performed, who were patch tested in 15 Information Network of Departments of Dermatology-associated clinics between 2000 and 2015. Patients were stratified according to their atopic dermatitis (AD) status. RESULTS The study group included 3676 patients (median age 41 years, 34.8% males, 54.5% AD). The most common aeroallergens causing positive patch test reactions were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (19.6%), Dermatophagoides farinae (16.9%), birch (6.2%), timothy grass (6.0%), cat dander (5.4%), mugwort (4.9%) and dog dander (4.6%). Reactions to other pollen allergen preparations, that is 5 grasses (3.2%), cocksfoot (2.1%) and plantain (1.6%), were less common. Positive patch test reactions to aeroallergens were consistently more frequent in patients with AD. These patients showed proportionally less dubious, follicular, irritant and weak positive reactions. Independent of AD status, a patient history of past or present allergic rhinitis was associated with an increased chance of a positive aeroallergen patch test reaction to pollen allergens. CONCLUSION The aeroallergen patch test is a useful add-on tool in clinical routine, especially in patients with AD and/or respiratory allergy. A patch test series comprising Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, birch, timothy grass, cat dander and mugwort seems to be suitable. Controlled studies with specific provocation and elimination procedures are required to further evaluate the diagnostic significance of the proposed screening series.
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Assessment of occupational exposure and spectrum of contact sensitization in metalworkers with occupational dermatitis: results of a cohort study within the
OCCUDERM
project. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1536-1544. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Challenging a paradigm: skin sensitivity to sodium lauryl sulfate is independent of atopic diathesis. Br J Dermatol 2019; 183:139-145. [PMID: 31562780 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is the best-studied detergent in irritant contact dermatitis. In atopic dermatitis, the two major pathophysiological abnormalities concern skin barrier function and regulation of cutaneous immune responses. The probability of atopic skin diathesis can be assessed by comprehensive analysis of patient history, as well as clinical and laboratory findings, resulting in the Erlangen Atopy Score (EAS). OBJECTIVES To investigate the impacts of (i) atopic skin diathesis according to the EAS and (ii) the physician-assessed diagnoses 'atopic dermatitis', 'allergic rhinitis' and 'allergic asthma' on SLS skin reactions. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of data from 2030 consecutive patients patch tested with SLS (0·25% aqueous) from two tertiary referral centres in Germany, from 2008 to 2014. RESULTS Patients with a high probability of atopic skin diathesis showed no significant increase in positive SLS reactions compared with patients without atopic skin diathesis (14·2% vs. 16·8%). The grading of positive SLS skin reactions (1-4) revealed no differences in patients with or without atopic skin diathesis. Furthermore, diagnoses of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma had no impact on positive SLS skin reactions in multivariate logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS We found no association of increased skin irritability to SLS with atopic skin diathesis, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma in a large patient cohort. It therefore seems that the test of skin irritability with SLS, which is currently common practice in many centres, does not allow prediction of susceptibility to irritant eczematous inflammation in atopic vs. nonatopic individuals. What's already known about this topic? Irritant contact dermatitis and atopic skin diathesis share impaired skin barrier function as a pathophysiological pattern. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is tested at 0·25% aqueous as an irritant control in patch testing, and hence the results might be affected by atopic skin diathesis. What does this study add? Challenging a long-standing paradigm, we found no association of increased reactivity to SLS patch tests in individuals with atopic skin diathesis, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma in a large patient cohort. Thus, irritant control testing with SLS, which is useful in interpreting doubtful allergen patch test results, does not depend on individual atopy status.
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[Type IV contact allergies in the food processing industry: an update]. DER HAUTARZT 2019; 69:443-448. [PMID: 29721627 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-018-4174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The food sector is one of the high-risk areas for occupational irritative and allergic contact eczema. OBJECTIVES The present work provides an overview of the main allergens as well as sensitization frequencies and risk in various food industry occupations. METHODS The literature on type IV sensitization in the food sector is summarized. RESULTS The relative risk of developing a work-related eczema in food processing is increased by more than 3 times. The comparison group was calculated on the basis of the proportion of documented cases in the IVDK (Informationsverbund Dermatologischer Kliniken) network per 100,000 working persons in relation to the average of the years 2005 and 2010. For this purpose, the average risk of all patients was set as reference to 1. Bakers, pastry chefs, cooks and meat and fish processors are mainly affected. In addition to irritant contact eczema, allergic contact eczema and protein contact dermatitis often occur. Leading haptens (main allergens) are rubber ingredients, but also disinfectants and compositae. CONCLUSION Only a few contact allergens are responsible for the majority of job-relevant sensitizations in the food industry.
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Clinicians vs. epidemiologists: patch testing with methyldibromo glutaronitrile as a controversial issue. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:e242-e244. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Allergic contact dermatitis in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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银屑病患者发生过敏性接触性皮炎的情况. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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The frequency of specific contact allergies is reduced in patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2018; 180:315-320. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pulmonary and laryngeal tuberculosis in a 25-weeks' gestation parturient, diagnosed after failed tracheal intubation. Int J Obstet Anesth 2017; 33:75-77. [PMID: 29017739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A pregnant woman at 25weeks of gestation was diagnosed with laryngeal tuberculosis following a failed intubation for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Laryngeal tuberculosis represents approximately 1% of all cases of tuberculosis in the United States and presents a unique diagnostic challenge, because accompanying laryngeal changes are both varied and nonspecific. This report highlights both the challenges of the pregnant airway and the diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal tuberculosis.
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Occupational contact sensitization in female geriatric nurses: Data of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) 2005-2014. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 31:469-476. [PMID: 27518760 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geriatric nurses (GN) have a high risk of occupational contact dermatitis (OCD), with chronic irritant contact dermatitis predominating. However, allergic contact dermatitis is an important issue as well. Little is known whether the relevant occupational allergen spectrum reported in the 1990s, including fragrances, preservatives, rubber chemicals and ingredients of surface disinfectants to be the most common sensitizers in GN, is still valid. OBJECTIVES To monitor the current allergen spectrum in GN with OCD and verify the validity of the patch test recommendations (baseline-, preservative-, ointment base-, rubber-, disinfectant, series and fragrances) in GN with suspected OCD given by the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG). METHODS Retrospective analysis of IVDK data (2005-2014) of 743 female GN with OCD, in comparison to 695 GN without OCD. RESULTS GN with OCD reacted significantly more frequently to both fragrance mixes, hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC), thiuram mix, zinc diethyldithiocarbamate and mercaptobenzothiazole than GN without OCD. Reactions to MDBGN, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and oil of turpentine occurred substantially, but not significantly more frequently among GN with OCD. The latter may be due to former use of a special alcoholic liniment in geriatric care. Among material from the patients' workplaces, tetrazepam was a frequent allergen, due to dust exposure from pill crushing. Furthermore, occupationally used protective gloves, body care products as well as surface disinfectants were often tested positively. CONCLUSIONS The general allergen spectrum in GN with OCD is unchanged, so the DKG patch test recommendations are still valid. Prevention of occupational sensitization should focus on fragrance-free hygiene and body care products, usage of accelerator-free protective gloves and avoidance of drug dust exposure.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In Germany, occupational skin diseases rank first in the occupational skin disease statistics for many years. Especially, occupationally acquired contact allergies as well as multi-sensitization are the most important predictors for a poor prognosis and persistent eczema. OBJECTIVES To update the spectrum and sensitization frequencies of most frequent allergens from the standard series in Germany in patients with occupationally acquired type IV sensitizations in general and within different occupational groups. METHODS Data of all employed patients (age range: 16-68 years, n = 14234) patch tested between 2003 and 2013 in the German Departments of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) and diagnosed occupationally acquired contact dermatitis after patch testing were analyzed. The control group was composed of all other patients (n = 31706) within the same time frame, in which occupationally acquired allergic contact dermatitis was negated explicitly. RESULTS The prevalence Ratio (PR; indicating risk) was significantly increased for: Thiuram-mix (PR 5.63 95 %CI 4.97-6.4), zinkdiethyldithiocarbamate (PR 6.22 95 %CI 4.76-8.22), mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) (PR 3.88 95 %CI 3.09-4.89), mercapto-mix without MBT (PR 3.23 95 %CI 2.59-4.03), N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylene diamine (IPPD) (PR 2.3195 %CI 1.87-2.86), epoxy resin (PR 2.82 95 %CI 2.45-3.25), chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) (PR 2.19 95 %CI 1.97-2.42) and compositae mix II (PR 2.05 95 %CI 1.45-2.89). They were the predominant occupational allergens and were at least associated with a doubled risk (PR ≥ 2.0) for acquiring occupationally allergic contact dermatitis. The highest risk increase was identified in employees in the health services, in agriculture, metal industry, food and service industry as well as building trades CONCLUSIONS A limited number of occupationally relevant allergens cause the majority of sensitizations in the workforce, if standard series allergens are concerned. Data analysis of national and international contact allergy data bases provide valuable information on sensitization rates and profiles in skin risk occupations to implement targeted prevention strategies. To diagnose occupational allergic contact dermatitis in individual cases additional testing of occupation related patch test series as well as patients' own products is commonly inevitable.
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Lernende Klassifizierungssysteme zur fallbasierten Auswertung von Allergietestdaten. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03360523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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THU0210 Malignancy Data in Tofacitinib-Treated Japanese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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THU0174 Analysis of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer Across the Tofacitinib Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Programme. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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SAT0346 Risk Characterisation Methodology Enabling Safety Comparisons Between Tofacitinib and Tumour Necrosis Factor Inhibitors. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.4826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Contact sensitization in patients with suspected cosmetic intolerance: results of the IVDK 2006-2011. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:1071-81. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Skin irritability to sodium lauryl sulfate is associated with increased positive patch test reactions. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:115-23. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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AB1057 Contextualisation of Safety Endpoints in the Tofacitinib Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Development Programme: Collaboration with the Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America (CORRONA) Registry. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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THU0148 Tofacitinib, an Oral Janus Kinase Inhibitor: Analysis of Malignancies in Japanese Patients across the Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Programme. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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THU0147 Tofacitinib, an Oral Janus Kinase Inhibitor: Analysis of Malignancies across the Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Programme. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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THU0131 Tofacitinib (CP-690,550), an oral janus kinase inhibitor: Analysis of malignancies across the rheumatoid arthritis clinical programme. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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THU0136 Cardiovascular safety findings in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with tofacitinib (CP-690,550), a novel, oral jak inhibitor:. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Die Terminologie in der Versorgungsforschung: Bei vielfältigen Zielen und Methoden sollte die Terminologie einheitlich sein. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1323424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Surveillance of contact allergies: methods and results of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK). Allergy 2012; 67:847-57. [PMID: 22563651 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Contact allergy (CA) surveillance networks provide information to a multitude of stakeholders, which is indispensable for evidence-based decision-making in the field of prevention. Methods and results of the German surveillance system on CA are reviewed and discussed with reference to other systems. The German network structure comprises 56 departments of dermatology and includes all patients who are patch-tested for suspected CA. Data analysis considers the results of patch testing and further pertinent information for each patient. Following aspects are addressed: (i) the description of the clinical population, (ii) evaluation of patch test reactions, (iii) relationship between patch test results and population characteristics. Trend analyses on chromate (decreasing), epoxy resin (increasing) and nickel (heterogeneous) served as examples for surveillance system analyses, with the identification of sentinel events, as well as proof of success or failure of prevention. In addition, external data sources can be used such as sales data of patch test preparations to estimate frequencies of sensitization on a population level. National prescription data of drugs and statistics of labelling of preservatives on cosmetics can be included, the latter two approaches allowing for risk estimates conferred by specific allergens.
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Deep sternal wound infection: development of a surgeon independent treatment algorithm. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Contact Sensitization in the Anal and Genital Area. TOPICAL APPLICATIONS AND THE MUCOSA 2011; 40:133-141. [DOI: 10.1159/000321065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Systemic allergic contact dermatitis from intravenous piritramide. Allergy 2010; 65:1203-4. [PMID: 20192944 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Strip patch test vs. conventional patch test: investigation of dose-dependent test sensitivities in nickel- and chromium-sensitive subjects. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23:1018-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Entwicklung der Universitäts-Hautklinik Göttingen. AKTUELLE DERMATOLOGIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1119441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Strip patch test vs. conventional patch test to detect type IV sensitization in patients with allergic contact dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 22:1516-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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FS04.5
Iodopropynylbutyl carbamate (IPBC) 0.2% is suggested for patch testing of patients with eczema possibly related to preservatives. Contact Dermatitis 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0309an.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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P66
Occupational contact dermatitis from glues. Contact Dermatitis 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0309gv.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of the FCO2 radical isolated in noble gas matrices. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:224301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2933462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Allergologische Diagnostik bei Verdacht auf Implantatunverträglichkeit: Hinweise für die Praxis. Hautarzt 2008; 59:594-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-008-1587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Patch test results with patients' own perfumes, deodorants and shaving lotions: results of the IVDK 1998-2002. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007; 21:374-9. [PMID: 17309462 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessment of the value of patch testing patients' own perfumes, eau de toilette, deodorants and shaving lotions with regard to diagnosing contact allergy to fragrances, and an analysis of the spectrum of concurrent patch test reactions to single fragrance allergens. STUDY DESIGN Data of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK; http://www.ivdk.org) regarding patch test results with above products brought in by the patient, considered as possible cause of contact dermatitis, were retrospectively analysed. Between 1998 and 2002, 1468 patients were patch tested with 2557 single products (deodorants, n = 1094; eau de toilette, n = 598; perfume, n = 530; and pre- or after-shave, n = 325; remainder not classifiable), mostly 'as is'. RESULTS Positive reactions were observed in 129 patients (to 191 products). In 58 of these patients, no further patch test reactions to the fragrance mix (FM-I), Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru) or 4-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl)-3-cyclohexencarboxaldehyde (e.g. Lyral(R)) were found. A strong association between contact sensitivity to the above commercial allergens and positive reactions to products was observed. Some single compounds such as ylang-ylang oil, propolis and especially oak moss absolute are important allergens in the 'perfume-positive' subgroup, but less in a subgroup positive to own deodorants. DISCUSSION Patch testing this scope of products, brought in by the patient, can be regarded as a simple, safe and effective method to diagnose clinically relevant contact sensitization - the more so, as the composition of such products is ever-changing, and the sensitivity of established 'screening allergens' is thus insufficient.
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A high-positive patch test load correlates with further positive patch test reactions irrespective of their location. Allergy 2006; 61:1411-5. [PMID: 17073870 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patch testing is the standard clinical procedure to prove contact sensitization. It is a common practice to attach multiple patch tests at the same time. However, synchronous reactions to unrelated allergens may not be completely unassociated. If so, the reaction in a given test field might be influenced by other positive test reactions in a distance-related degree. This article analyses whether there is a distance-related effect of synchronous positive patch test reactions on the outcome of a target patch test. METHODS Data collected from patients patch tested for diagnostic purposes with 15 standard allergens attached in a specific pattern between 1992 and 2004 in 20 centres in a Central European network were retrospectively evaluated. The association between the target patch test result (allergic vs negative reaction to the thiuram mix) and the number and cumulated strength of synchronous positive reactions (positive patch test load) to allergens placed in nearby or distant positions to the target patch was analysed by using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The likelihood of a positive reaction to thiuram mix significantly increased with an increasing synchronous positive patch test load generated by positive reactions to allergens unrelated to thiuram mix. The effect of allergens neighbouring the target allergen was not significantly stronger than that of allergens placed in distant positions. CONCLUSION For the interpretation of patch test results, the potentially enhancing effects of a synchronous positive patch test load should be considered. The local distribution of the patches on the back is, however, not critical.
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Both mercaptobenzothiazole and mercapto mix should be part of the standard series. Contact Dermatitis 2006; 55:314-6; author reply 316. [PMID: 17026709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2006.00964_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Late reactions to the patch-test preparations para-phenylenediamine and epoxy resin: a prospective multicentre investigation of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Br J Dermatol 2006; 154:665-70. [PMID: 16536809 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07159.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late patch-test reactions, developing at day (D) 7 or later have been described for several allergens. Late reactions may reflect patch-test sensitization. Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) and epoxy resins (ER) are potent allergens and therefore may potentially induce patch-test sensitization. Up to now, there has been no prospective study on the frequency of late reactions in routine patch testing with these allergens. OBJECTIVES To assess the frequency of late reactions to PPD and ER. PATIENTS/METHODS In 1748 patients PPD (PPD-base, 1% pet.) and ER [based on diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA, 1% pet.)], and in 812 patients, nickel sulphate (5% pet.) were removed from the test panel of the standard series and applied on the medial side of the upper arm. Patch-test occlusion time was 24 h in 588 (PPD and ER) and 241 patients (nickel sulphate), respectively, and 48 h in 1160 (PPD and ER) and 571 (nickel sulphate) patients, respectively. Patch tests were read on D1-3 and D2-3, respectively; additional late readings were performed on D7, D14 and D21 after patch-test application. Patients who were not able to return for all scheduled late readings were telephoned on D7, D14 or D21, and questioned about a reaction at the test sites. Patients were instructed to perform daily self-examination from D4 onwards and to return immediately to the clinic if a reaction at the upper arm became visible. RESULTS Data of 1428 patients (ER and PPD) and 638 patients (nickel) were evaluable. In 25 patients (1.8%), patch tests became positive not before D7, among them 21 reactions to PPD (1.5%) and four reactions to ER (0.3%). In five of seven patients, repeated patch tests with PPD disclosed patch-test sensitization as the cause of the late reaction. All late reactions, except for one, occurred in patients in whom patch tests were applied for 48 h. No late reactions were seen with nickel sulphate. CONCLUSIONS PPD (1% pet.) elicited late reactions in 1.5% of routine patch tests, the majority of them probably being caused by patch-test sensitization. Therefore, the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group decided to remove PPD 1% pet. from the German standard series and to take efforts to optimize the patch-test conditions of PPD. One way to optimize PPD testing could be to reduce the exposure of PPD 1% to 24 h. Alternatively the patch-test concentration of PPD might be reduced.
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Abstract
Patch testing is the standard procedure to detect contact sensitivity. The most frequent contact allergens are included in the standard series. We report on current trends regarding results obtained with the standard series from 2001-2004 in Germany, Austria (Graz, Vienna) and Switzerland (Basel). This analysis includes the frequency of the most common contact allergens and other aspects such as age and gender distribution and parameters of diagnostic quality such as reaction index and positivity ratio. Information on the most common contact allergens is updated.
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