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Ohlhoff B, Savvateeva D, Leisner J, Hartmann F, Südekum KH, Bernsmann T, Spolders M, Jahnke A, Lüth A, Röhe I, Numata J, Pieper R. Transfer of Non-Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (ndl-PCBs) from Feed and Soil into Hen Eggs. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:8955-8962. [PMID: 35840127 PMCID: PMC9336649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the transfer of non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (ndl-PCBs) into foods of animal origin is crucial for human health risk assessment. In two experiments, we investigated the transfer of ndl-PCBs from contaminated feed and soil into eggs and meat of laying hens. The transfer from the feed was investigated with 30 laying hens. The treated hens were divided into two groups fed a contaminated diet (12.8 μg/kg sum of indicator ndl-PCBs; 88% dry matter (DM)) for 28 and 63 days, respectively, and then experienced a depuration period of 100 days with control feed. The transfer from soil was investigated with 72 laying hens kept in three separate outdoor pens (with three levels of ndl-PCB soil contamination) for 168 days. In both experiments, eggs were collected and analyzed for ndl-PCBs. In the second experiment, animals (n = 3 at the beginning, n = 6 per group after 42, 84, and 168 days) were slaughtered to determine ndl-PCBs in meat (breast muscle tissue) fat. The transfer of ndl-PCB from both feed and soil was clearly measurable and concentrations in eggs quickly exceeded maximum levels. Clear differences between individual congeners were observed. In particular, the low-chlorinated ndl-PCBs 52 and 101 are hardly found in eggs, despite their relatively high concentration in feed and soil. PCBs 138, 153, and 180, on the other hand, were found in large proportions in eggs and meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Ohlhoff
- Department
Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Savvateeva
- Department
Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Leisner
- State
Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection (LANUV), North
Rhine-Westphalia, 45659 Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - F. Hartmann
- State
Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection (LANUV), North
Rhine-Westphalia, 45659 Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - K.-H. Südekum
- Institute
of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - T. Bernsmann
- Chemical
and Veterinary Analytical Institute Münsterland-Emscher-Lippe
(CVUA-MEL), 48147 Münster, Germany
| | - M. Spolders
- Department
Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Jahnke
- Department
Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Lüth
- Department
Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - I. Röhe
- Department
Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Numata
- Department
Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Pieper
- Department
Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Dougherty MK, Achilleos N, Andre N, Arridge CS, Balogh A, Bertucci C, Burton ME, Cowley SWH, Erdos G, Giampieri G, Glassmeier KH, Khurana KK, Leisner J, Neubauer FM, Russell CT, Smith EJ, Southwood DJ, Tsurutani BT. Cassini Magnetometer Observations During Saturn Orbit Insertion. Science 2005; 307:1266-70. [PMID: 15731444 DOI: 10.1126/science.1106098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cassini's successful orbit insertion has provided the first examination of Saturn's magnetosphere in 23 years, revealing a dynamic plasma and magnetic environment on short and long time scales. There has been no noticeable change in the internal magnetic field, either in its strength or its near-alignment with the rotation axis. However, the external magnetic field is different compared with past spacecraft observations. The current sheet within the magnetosphere is thinner and more extended, and we observed small diamagnetic cavities and ion cyclotron waves of types that were not reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Dougherty
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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