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275 Identification of DNA methylation signatures associated with atopic eczema. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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JAAD Case report “Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and juxtaclavicular beaded lines”. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 28:110-112. [PMID: 36159719 PMCID: PMC9489869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Broad immunophenotyping of the murine brain tumor microenvironment. J Immunol Methods 2021; 499:113158. [PMID: 34597618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a 14-color flow cytometry panel for the evaluation of 13 myeloid and lymphoid populations within murine glioblastoma samples. Reagents, processing protocols, and downstream analyses were thoroughly validated and optimized to resolve the following populations: T cells (CD4, CD8, CD3), B cells (B220), NK cells (NK1.1), neutrophils (Ly6G), classical and non-classical monocytes (Ly6c, CD43), macrophages (F4/80, CD11b), microglia (CD45-lo, CD11b), and dendritic cells (DCs) (CD11c, MHC class II). In addition, this panel leaves Alexa Fluor 488/FITC open for the inclusion of fluorescent reporters or congenic marker staining.
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Outcomes In Patients With 4-10 Brain Metastases Treated With Dose-Adapted Single-Isocenter Multitarget Stereotactic Radiosurgery: A Prospective Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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MDNA55, a Locally Administered IL4 Guided Toxin for Targeted Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma Shows Long Term Survival Benefit. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)31084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Are women with pathogenic variants in PMS2 and MSH6 really at high lifetime risk of breast cancer? Genet Med 2019; 21:1878-1879. [PMID: 30631111 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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SMA THERAPIES I. Neuromuscul Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.06.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Understanding biological activity, tumor response and pseudoprogression in a phase-IIb study of MDNA55 in adults with recurrent or progressive glioblastoma (GB). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy273.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Nivolumab (nivo) in combination with radiotherapy (RT) ± temozolomide (TMZ): Updated safety results from CheckMate 143 in pts with methylated or unmethylated newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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OS07.3 Nivolumab in Combination With Radiotherapy With or Without Temozolomide in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: Updated Results From CheckMate 143. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox036.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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IT-34 * PILOT STUDY OF COMBINATION OF ANTITUMOR IMMUNOTHERAPY TARGETED AGAINST CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) PLUS REGULATORY T-CELL INHIBITION IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY-DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME (GBM). Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou258.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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IT-30 * ReACT: A PHASE II STUDY OF RINDOPEPIMUT VACCINE (CDX-110) PLUS BEVACIZUMAB IN RELAPSED GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou258.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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MS-19 * LONG-TERM OUTCOMES FOR PATIENTS WITH INTRACRANIAL MENINGIOMAS: A SINGLE-INSTITUTION RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou260.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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SM-02 * LEVETIRACETAM USAGE IN POST-OPERATIVE SEIZURE MANAGEMENT IN MALIGNANT GLIOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou277.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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AT-22 * PHASE II TRIAL OF BEVACIZUMAB, RADIATION THERAPY (RT) AND TEMOZOLOMIDE FOLLOWED BY BEVACIZUMAB AND TEMOZOLOMIDE WITH CONTINUATION OF BEVACIZUMAB BEYOND PROGRESSION. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou237.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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AT-19 * SINGLE INSTITUTION RETROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF GLIOBLASTOMA (GBM) PATIENTS (PTS) INITIATED ON BEVACIZUMAB (BEV) BEFORE VERSUS AFTER RECURRENCE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou237.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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AT-20 * SINGLE INSTITUTION RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF PERFORMANCE STATUS AND CORTICOSTEROID USE IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA (GBM) PATIENTS (PTS) TREATED ON BEVACIZUMAB (BEV). Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou237.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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IT-10 * SYNERGISTIC CELLULAR INTERACTIONS IN ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY LEADS TO IMMUNOLOGIC REJECTION OF MALIGNANT GLIOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou258.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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201 Evaluation of a Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Curriculum in a Low-Resource Environment. Ann Emerg Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.07.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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RANDOMIZATION OF PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA TO VACCINE SITE PRE-CONDITIONING WITH TETANUS-DIPHTHERIA TOXOID SYSTEMICALLY ENHANCES MIGRATION AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS PP65-PULSED DENDRITIC CELL VACCINE IN A MIP-1 -DEPENDENT FASHION. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou208.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive glial cell-derived primary tumor. Current standard of care for patients with GBM includes maximal tumor resection plus adjuvant radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy, increasing median overall survival to a mere 15 months from diagnosis. Because these therapies are inherently nonspecific, there is an increased likelihood of off-target and incomplete effects; therefore, targeted modalities are required for enhanced safety and efficacy. Rindopepimut is emerging as a safe and potentially effective drug for the treatment of GBM. Rindopepimut consists of a 14-mer peptide that spans the length of EGF receptor variant III, a mutant variant of EGF receptor found on approximately 30% of primary GBM, conjugated to the carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Vaccination with rindopepimut has been shown to specifically eliminate cells expressing EGF receptor variant III. Phase II clinical trials have suggested that vaccination of newly diagnosed GBM patients with rindopepimut plus adjuvant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor results in prolonged progression-free and overall survival with minimal toxicity. This review will outline the development of rindopepimut, as well as the current status of this vaccine.
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Early Results of a Randomized Trial to Identify an Optimal PTV in Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Brain Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstracts. Neuro Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Surgical Management of Vestibular Schwannomas after Failed Radiation. Skull Base Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1336256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Flavonoid intake and risk of pancreatic cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1168-72. [PMID: 23299536 PMCID: PMC3619057 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Limited epidemiological studies show inverse associations between dietary flavonoid intake and pancreatic cancer risk, but results are inconsistent and are based on few cases. We examined the association between intake of flavonoids and pancreatic cancer risk in the large, prospective National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort. Methods: During follow-up through 2006 (median follow-up 10.6 years), 2379 pancreatic cancer cases were identified. We used Cox proportional hazards modelling to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: We found no association between total flavonoid intake (Q5 vs Q1 HR=1.09, 95% CI: 0.96–1.24) or any flavonoid subtypes and pancreatic cancer risk. Significant interactions were not observed by age, sex, smoking status, BMI or diabetes. Conclusion: Our results do not support the hypothesis that flavonoids have a protective role in pancreatic cancer carcinogenesis.
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Patterns of Failure as a Function of Clinical Target Volumes in Patients With GBM Treated With Radiation Therapy (RT), Temozolomide, and Bevacizumab. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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CLIN-NEURO/MEDICAL ONCOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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CLIN-IMMUNOTHERAPY/BIOLOGIC THERAPIES. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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LAB-IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Crystal structure analysis of anti-V2 mAb 2158 suggests a conformational epitope involving an N-linked glycan. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3442101 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Application of Digital Accelerometry for Swallow Imaging (DASI) for Dysphagia Evaluation and Treatment in a Series of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) Patients (P05.189). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p05.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Exome Sequencing of Individuals with Early Onset Familial Restless Legs Syndrome (Willis-Ekbom Disease) (P04.034). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
Despite numerous attempts at novel intervention and tests to aid in earlier diagnosis and improved treatment, there has been an increased incidence of overall mortality related to sepsis, despite improvements in in-hospital mortality. Statins have emerged as potential immunomodulatory and antioxidant agents that might impact on sepsis outcomes. Definitive evidence to support the routine use of statins in patients with sepsis has not yet been elicited. We retrospectively analysed data from patients who presented with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock, stratifiying them according to statin use into two groups (statin and no statin). Sequential Organ Failure Assessment was used to evaluate severity of illness. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, hospital and ICU length of stay, and mechanical ventilation and vasopressor therapy duration. Five hundred and sixty-eight patients were included. Patients with prior statin use (statin group) were older; more obese and had higher prevalence of smoking, diabetes and ischaemic heart disease. There was no difference in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores and mortality did not vary between the two groups (19.6 vs. 16.9%). Furthermore, secondary outcomes including ICU mortality, hospital and ICU length of stay, mechanical ventilation and vasopressor duration did not differ Multivariate analysis revealed age and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score were independent predictors of survival, while history of statin use was not (p = 0.403). This current retrospective study did not find any benefit of statin use on primary and secondary outcomes of the patients admitted to an academic hospital with sepsis.
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IMMUNOTHERAPY. Neuro Oncol 2011; 13:iii34-iii40. [PMCID: PMC3199174 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
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Reply. J Small Anim Pract 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bevacizumab and Radiosurgery for Recurrent Malignant Glioma: Toxicity Results from a Prospective Pilot Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Imaging-Guided Localization for Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Multiple Intracranial Lesions with a Single Isocenter Setup. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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42
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Identification of plants used for the relief of inflammation in traditional medicine as inhibitors of eicosanoid generation by activated leucocytes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1998.tb02281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alternative approaches to ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention. Minerva Anestesiol 2011; 77:323-333. [PMID: 21150848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), which develops in patients receiving mechanical ventilation, is the most common nosocomial infection in patients with acute respiratory failure. The major mechanism of lower respiratory tract colonization is aspiration of bacteria-colonized secretions from the oropharynx into the lower airways. The hydrostatic pressure of the secretions that collect in the subglottic space, which is the area above the endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff, or aerosolization of bacteria from the secretions collected within the respiratory tubing may facilitate the leakage into the lower airways. Ideally, the elimination of the mechanisms responsible for aspiration would decrease the incidence of VAP. Several preventive measures have been tested in clinical trials with little success.Here we present the results of our efforts to develop novel approaches for the prevention of VAP. Specifically, we found that keeping ventilated patients in a lateral position, which eliminates gravitational forces, is feasible and possibly advantageous. Additionally, several novel medical devices have been recently developed to prevent bacterial biofilm formation from the ETT and breathing tubing. These devices include coated ETTs, mucus shavers and mucus slurpers. Prevention of ETT bacterial colonization showed decreased bacterial colonization of the respiratory circuit and of the lower respiratory tract in laboratory studies and clinical trials. Future large studies should be designed to test the hypothesis that VAP can be prevented with these novel strategies. While there is a current focus on the use of respiratory devices to prevent biofilm formation and microaspiration, it is important to remember that lower respiratory tract colonization is multifactorial. Prevention of VAP cannot be achieved solely by eliminating bacterial biofilm on respiratory devices, and more comprehensive care of the intubated patient needs to be implemented.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To collect information on the cause of death and longevity of dogs owned by members of the numerically largest breed clubs of 169 UK Kennel Club-recognised breeds. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out. Approximately 58,363 questionnaires were sent out to breed club members in 2004 (nine clubs failed to report the exact number of questionnaires sent out). Owners reported age at death and cause(s) of death for all dogs that had died within the previous 10 years. RESULTS A total of 13,741 questionnaires (24% response rate) containing information on 15,881 deaths were included in the analysis. Breed-specific response rates ranged from 64·7 to 4·5%. The median age at death was 11 years and 3 months (minimum=2 months, maximum=23 years and 5 months) and it varied by breed. The most common causes of death were cancer (n=4282, 27%), "old age" (n=2830, 18%) and cardiac conditions (n=1770, 11%). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This survey shows breed differences in lifespan and causes of death, and the results support previous evidence that smaller breeds tend to have longer lifespan compared with larger breeds. Although many of the breeds in the study may not be representative of the general pedigree dog population in the UK, the results do contribute to the limited information currently available.
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Low-dose Whole Brain Radiotherapy followed by Radiosurgery for Primary CNS Lymphoma Achieving Partial Response to Induction Chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Medical and Neuro-Oncology. Neuro Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq116.s6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa: acute lung injury or ventilator-associated pneumonia? Minerva Anestesiol 2010; 76:824-832. [PMID: 20935618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and polar-flagella bacterium with unipolar motility. Furthermore, it is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP). VAP due to P. aeruginosa is usually multidrug-resistant and associated with severe infection and increased mortality. The goals of this review are as follows: (I) to present selected recent epidemiological literature characterizing the population at risk of P. aeruginosa pneumonia, (II) to describe some of the virulence factors of P. aeruginosa that are related to infection, and (III) to illustrate clinical outcomes of ventilated patients with large burdens of P. aeruginosa as well as the mechanism by which this bacterium may evade the host immune response.
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Platinum-group elements in sewage sludge and incinerator ash in the United Kingdom: assessment of PGE sources and mobility in cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:1276-1285. [PMID: 19878972 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations in sewage sludge and incinerator ash compared with average PGE concentrations in road dust show a common pattern, characterized by a negative Rh anomaly. This similarity, found at 9 UK incinerators, suggests that there is a universal characteristic PGE pattern produced by common processes of dispersal of Pt, Pd and Rh derived from automobile catalytic converters. Ninety-one sewage sludge and incinerator ash samples from the sewage treatment facilities in Sheffield, Birmingham and 7 other UK cities were analyzed for PGE. The highest concentrations are 602ppb Pt and 710ppb Pd with lower maximum concentrations of 65ppb Rh, 100ppb Ru, 33ppb Ir and 12ppb Os. Ash from incinerated sewage was found to have higher PGE concentrations compared to the original sludge and the PGE ratios are preserved during incineration. Rh is more mobilized and dispersed than the other PGE as it is transported from roads into the drainage system and into sewage. Pt/Pd ratios of 1.0 in road dust and 0.9 in sewage and incinerator ash suggest that Pd is more mobile than Pt during dispersal. PGE abundances in stored incinerator ash of varying ages appear to have been affected by the variation in use of Pt, Pd and Rh in catalytic converters due to variation in their market prices. Concentrations of Os, Ir and Ru in ashes are greater in Sheffield and London than all the other city sites and may be derived from point industrial sources.
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