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Schernhammer ES, Weitzer J, Han E, Bertau M, Zenk L, Caniglia G, Laubichler MD, Birmann BM, Steiner G. Determinants of trust in times of crises: A cross-sectional study of 3,065 German-speaking adults from the D-A-CH region. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286488. [PMID: 37824449 PMCID: PMC10569553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal trust declined worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic; strategies are needed to restore it. We surveyed 3,065 quota-sampled German-speaking adults residing in the D-A-CH region. Using multinomial logistic regression models and backward elimination for variable selection, we calculated multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to appraise correlates of interpersonal trust using the Interpersonal Trust Short Scale (KUSIV3). Participants with high levels of interpersonal trust (top KUSIV3 tertile (T3)) tended to be older, male, residents of Switzerland, university degree holders, and workers with higher income and work satisfaction (all Pdiff<0.01) compared to those in the lowest KUSIV3 tertile (T1). Optimism was most strongly associated with high interpersonal trust (ORT3vsT1 = 5.75, 95%CI = 4.33-7.64). Also significantly associated with high interpersonal trust were: Having voted in the last national election (for the opposition, OR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.02-1.89 or the governing party, OR = 1.61, 95%CI = 1.23-2.11) versus non-voters; perspective taking (ORT3vsT1 = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.11-1.91); being more extraverted (ORT3vsT1 = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.53-2.59) and more agreeable (ORT3vsT1 = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.46-2.61); and scoring higher on complexity thinking (ORT3vsT1 = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.01-1.72). Participants scoring significantly lower for interpersonal trust did not regularly participate in religious meetings (OR = 0.61, 95%CI = 0.44-0.84, versus participation at least monthly); were more conscientious (ORT3vsT1 = 0.68, 95%CI = 0.51-0.91) or current smokers (OR = 0.68; 95%CI = 0.53-0.87, versus never smoking); had sleep problems >5 times a week (OR = 0.48; 95%CI = 0.36-0.66, versus none); and scored high on conspiracy belief (ORT3vsT1 = 0.53; 95%CI = 0.41-0.69). Results differed minimally by gender and country. These findings may be helpful in devising targeted strategies to strengthen interpersonal trust and social engagement in European societies, especially during times of crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S. Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Health Promotion and Prevention, Federal Ministry of the Republic of Austria for Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilie Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bertau
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Freiberg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institut für Keramische Technologien und Systeme IKTS, Fraunhofer Technologiezentrum für Hochleistungsmaterialien THM, Freiberg, Germany
- Saxonian Academy of Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Zenk
- Department of Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Guido Caniglia
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Manfred D. Laubichler
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, United States of America
| | - Brenda M. Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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Schamilow S, Santonja I, Weitzer J, Strohmaier S, Klösch G, Seidel S, Schernhammer E, Papantoniou K. Time Spent Outdoors and Associations with Sleep, Optimism, Happiness and Health before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:358-372. [PMID: 37489436 PMCID: PMC10366917 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Social restriction measures (SRM) implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a reduction in time spent outdoors (TSO). The aim of this study was to describe TSO and evaluate its association with sleep outcomes, optimism, happiness and health-status before and during SRM. Two online surveys were conducted in 2017 (N = 1004) and 2020, during SRM (N = 1010), in samples representative of the age, sex and region of the Austrian population. Information on the duration of TSO, sleep, optimism, happiness and health-status was collected. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to study the association of TSO with chronic insomnia, short sleep, late chronotype, optimism, happiness and self-rated health-status. The mean TSO was 3.6 h (SD: 2.18) in 2017 and 2.6 h (SD: 1.87) during times of SRM. Men and participants who were older, married or in a partnership and lived in a rural area reported longer TSO. Participants who spent less time outdoors were more likely to report short sleep or a late chronotype in both surveys and, in 2020, also chronic insomnia. Less TSO was associated with lower happiness and optimism levels and poor health-status. Our findings suggest that TSO may be a protective factor for sleep, mood and health, particularly during stressful and uncertain times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schamilow
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Santonja
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Health Promotion and Prevention, Federal Ministry of the Republic of Austria for Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Strohmaier
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Klösch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Seidel
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Weitzer J, Birmann BM, Steffelbauer I, Bertau M, Zenk L, Caniglia G, Laubichler MD, Steiner G, Schernhammer ES. Willingness to receive an annual COVID-19 booster vaccine in the German-speaking D-A-CH region in Europe: A cross-sectional study. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2022; 18:100414. [PMID: 35651957 PMCID: PMC9148542 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Emergence of new coronavirus variants and waning immunity may necessitate regular COVID-19 vaccine boosters, but empirical data on population willingness for regular vaccination are limited. Methods In August 2021, we surveyed 3,067 quota-sampled German-speaking adults residing in the D-A-CH region (Germany, Austria, Switzerland). Using multivariable adjusted ordered logistic regression models we calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to assess factors associated with willingness to vaccinate annually against COVID-19. Findings Among 2,480 participants vaccinated or planning to get vaccinated, 82·4% indicated willingness to receive annual COVID-19 boosters. This willingness was higher in Austria (OR=1·47, 95% CI, 1·19-1·82; p < 0·001) and Germany (OR=1·98, 95% CI, 1·60-2·45; p < 0·001) versus Switzerland and increased with age. Having voted in the last national election (ORopposition party voters=1·51, 95% CI=1·18-1·92; p = 0·001 and ORgoverning party voters=1·57, 95% CI=1·28-1·93; p < 0·001, versus non-voters) and not regularly participating in religious meetings (OR=1·37, 95% CI=1·08-1·73; p = 0·009, versus participation at least monthly) were significantly associated with willingness to vaccinate, as was partial (OR=1·97, 95% CI=1·43-2·72; p < 0·001) or total (OR=5·20, 95% CI=3·76-7·19; p < 0·001) approval of COVID-19 mitigation measures (versus non-approval). By country, Austrians showed the strongest association of voting behavior and mitigation measure approval with willingness to vaccinate. Interpretation Targeted promotion programs informed by political and religious engagement and mitigation measure approval are needed to increase willingness to receive regular COVID-19 boosters. Funding Medical University of Vienna, Department of Epidemiology, Danube University Krems, Department for Knowledge and Communication Management; Austrian Society of Epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Department of Health Promotion and Prevention, Federal Ministry of the Republic of Austria for Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection, Radetzkystraße 2, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Brenda M. Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ilja Steffelbauer
- Department of Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, University for Continuing Education Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Martin Bertau
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Germany
| | - Lukas Zenk
- Department of Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, University for Continuing Education Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Guido Caniglia
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Manfred D. Laubichler
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Straße 39, Vienna 1080, Austria
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Department of Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, University for Continuing Education Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Straße 39, Vienna 1080, Austria
| | - Eva S. Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Straße 39, Vienna 1080, Austria
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Weitzer J, Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Okereke OI, Kawachi I, Schernhammer E. Dispositional optimism and depression risk in older women in the Nurses´ Health Study: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:283-294. [PMID: 35034244 PMCID: PMC9110484 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dispositional optimism is a potentially modifiable factor and has been associated with multiple physical health outcomes, but its relationship with depression, especially later in life, remains unclear. In the Nurses´ Health Study (n = 33,483), we examined associations between dispositional optimism and depression risk in women aged 57–85 (mean = 69.9, SD = 6.8), with 4,051 cases of incident depression and 10 years of follow-up (2004–2014). We defined depression as either having a physician/clinician-diagnosed depression, or regularly using antidepressants, or the presence of severe depressive symptoms using validated self-reported scales. Age- and multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) across optimism quartiles and for a 1-standard deviation (SD) increment of the optimism score. In sensitivity analyses we explored more restrictive definitions of depression, potential mediators, and moderators. In multivariable-adjusted models, women with greater optimism (top vs. bottom quartile) had a 27% (95%CI = 19–34%) lower risk of depression. Every 1-SD increase in the optimism score was associated with a 15% (95%CI = 12–18%) lower depression risk. When applying a more restrictive definition for clinical depression, the association was considerably attenuated (every 1-SD increase in the optimism score was associated with a 6% (95%CI = 2–10%-) lower depression risk. Stratified analyses by baseline depressive symptoms, age, race, and birth region revealed comparable estimates, while mediators (emotional support, social network size, healthy lifestyle), when combined, explained approximately 10% of the optimism-depression association. As social and behavioral factors only explained a small proportion of the association, future research should investigate other potential pathways, such as coping strategies, that may relate optimism to depression risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.,Research Center of Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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5
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Weitzer J, Papantoniou K, Seidel S, Klösch G, Caniglia G, Laubichler M, Bertau M, Birmann BM, Jäger CC, Zenk L, Steiner G, Schernhammer E. Working from home, quality of life, and perceived productivity during the first 50-day COVID-19 mitigation measures in Austria: a cross-sectional study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1823-1837. [PMID: 33877416 PMCID: PMC8056371 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore changes in quality of life and perceived productivity, focusing on the effects of working from home during the first COVID-19 50-day mitigation period in Austria. METHODS We conducted an Austrian-representative online survey (N = 1010) of self-reported life- and work-related changes during the first COVID-19 50-day mitigation period (March 16 through May 1 2020) compared to the situation before. We used multinominal logistic regression models to identify correlates of improved/decreased quality of life in the entire sample, and of improved/decreased productivity in a subsample of the working population (N = 686). We also calculated age- and multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of an improved/decreased quality of life and an improved/decreased productivity by work from home status. RESULTS During the COVID-19 mitigation period, quality of life improved in 17.5%, but decreased in 20.7% of the general Austrian population; perceived productivity at work increased in 12.7%, but decreased in 30.2% of the working population. Working from home during the mitigation period was associated with an increased quality of life (vs. none, partially: OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.09-3.91; all the time: 3.69, 1.86-7.29). In contrast, perceived productivity seemed to decrease when people worked from home (vs. none, partially: 1.42, 0.86-2.35; all the time: 1.48, 0.85-2.58). Working from home and related benefits were not equally distributed among gender, age, and educational attainment. CONCLUSIONS A transition to more flexibility of workplace and working hours for employees could have important positive consequences for family and professional life, for stakeholders, for public health, and ultimately for the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Seidel
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Klösch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guido Caniglia
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research (KLI), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Manfred Laubichler
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
- Complexity Science Hub, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bertau
- Institut Für Technische Chemie, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlo C Jäger
- Complexity Science Hub, Vienna, Austria
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Global Climate Forum, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Zenk
- Department for Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Complexity Science Hub, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Complexity Science Hub, Vienna, Austria.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Schernhammer E, Weitzer J, Laubichler MD, Birmann BM, Bertau M, Zenk L, Caniglia G, Jäger CC, Steiner G. Correlates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Austria: trust and the government. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 44:e106-e116. [PMID: 33948665 PMCID: PMC8135852 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic surging and new mutations evolving, trust in vaccines is essential. Methods We explored correlates of vaccine hesitancy, considering political believes and psychosocial concepts, conducting a non-probability quota-sampled online survey with 1007 Austrians. Results We identified several important correlates of vaccine hesitancy, ranging from demographics to complex factors such as voting behavior or trust in the government. Among those with hesitancy towards a COVID-19 vaccine, having voted for opposition parties (opp) or not voted (novote) were (95% Confidence Intervall (CI)opp, 1.44–2.95) to 2.25-times (95%CInovote, 1.53–3.30) that of having voted for governing parties. Only 46.2% trusted the Austrian government to provide safe vaccines, and 80.7% requested independent scientific evaluations regarding vaccine safety to increase willingness to vaccine. Conclusions Contrary to expected, psychosocial dimensions were only weakly correlated with vaccine hesitancy. However, the strong correlation between distrust in the vaccine and distrust in authorities suggests a common cause of disengagement from public discourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Complexity Science Hub, 1080 Vienna, Austria.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred D Laubichler
- Complexity Science Hub, 1080 Vienna, Austria.,School of Complex Adaptive Systems, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martin Bertau
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Zenk
- Department for Knowledge and Communication Management, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems and der Donau, Austria
| | - Guido Caniglia
- Konrado Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Gerald Steiner
- Complexity Science Hub, 1080 Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Technical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
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7
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Weitzer J, Santonja I, Degenfellner J, Yang L, Jordakieva G, Crevenna R, Seidel S, Klösch G, Schernhammer E, Papantoniou K. Sleep complaints in former and current night shift workers: findings from two cross-sectional studies in Austria. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:893-906. [PMID: 33757396 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1895200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sleep impairment is highly prevalent in night shift workers, but evidence on the association of former night shift work (NSW) and its metrics (duration and frequency) in relation to sleep complaints is lacking. We evaluated the association of former and current NSW with chronic insomnia or circadian rhythm sleep disorder in a sample of the general worker (GW) population and in hospital workers (HW) in Austria. Information on sleep, NSW history, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors was collected through an online cross-sectional survey in a representative sample of GW (N= 1,004) and a sample of HW (N= 799) between 2017 and 2019. Multi-variable adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for various measures of sleep (including chronic insomnia, daytime sleepiness, sleep duration, napping habits) and doctor-diagnosed chronic insomnia across NSW exposure (never night shift work; ever; ever/former; ever/current) and related metrics (cumulative duration, average frequency), compared to never NSW. Effect modification by chronotype and daytime napping was investigated. Former NSW was associated with higher odds of chronic insomnia in both samples (GW: OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.07-4.83; HW: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.60-2.27). Chronic insomnia odds tended to increase among current night shift workers (HW: OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 0.79-2.83), compared to day workers. Higher NSW frequency (shifts/month) was associated with higher chronic insomnia odds in former night shift workers in both samples (GW: ORper shift/month = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.00-1.12; HW: ORper shift/month = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00-1.25). Former NSW was also associated with increased daytime sleepiness among GW (OR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.28-3.99). Associations were more pronounced among early chronotypes and participants who reported no daytime naps. Our results suggest that NSW is associated with chronic insomnia even in the years after cessation of involvement in working it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Santonja
- Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Degenfellner
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Seidel
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Klösch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Weitzer J, Castaño‐Vinyals G, Aragonés N, Gómez‐Acebo I, Guevara M, Amiano P, Martín V, Molina‐Barceló A, Alguacil J, Moreno V, Suarez‐Calleja C, Jiménez‐Moleón JJ, Marcos‐Gragera R, Papantoniou K, Pérez‐Gómez B, Llorca J, Ascunce N, Gil L, Gracia‐Lavedan E, Casabonne D, Lope V, Pollán M, Kogevinas M. Effect of time of day of recreational and household physical activity on prostate and breast cancer risk (MCC-Spain study). Int J Cancer 2021; 148:1360-1371. [PMID: 32976649 PMCID: PMC7891656 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidence indicates that exercise performed at different times of the day may affect circadian rhythms and circadian disruption has been linked to breast and prostate cancer. We examined in a population-based case-control study (MCC-Spain) if the time-of-day when physical activity is done affects prostate and breast cancer risk. Lifetime recreational and household physical activity was assessed by in-person interviews. Information on time-of-day of activity (assessed approximately 3 years after the assessment of lifetime physical activity and confounders) was available for 781 breast cancer cases, 865 population female controls, 504 prostate cases and 645 population male controls from 10 Spanish regions, 2008-2013. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for different activity timings compared to inactive subjects using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for confounders. Early morning (8-10 am) activity was associated with a protective effect compared to no physical activity for both breast (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.48-1.15) and prostate cancer (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.44-1.20); meta-OR for the two cancers combined 0.74 (95%CI = 0.53-1.02). There was no effect observed for breast or prostate cancer for late morning to afternoon activity while a protective effect was also observed for evening activity only for prostate cancer (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.45-1.24). Protective effects of early morning activity were more pronounced for intermediate/evening chronotypes for both cancers. This is the first population-based investigation identifying a differential effect of timing of physical activity on cancer risk with more pronounced effects for morning hour activity. Our results, if confirmed, may improve current physical activity recommendations for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Weitzer
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public HealthMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gemma Castaño‐Vinyals
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
- ISGlobalBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Public Health Division, Department of HealthEpidemiology SectionMadridSpain
| | - Inés Gómez‐Acebo
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Universidad de Cantabria—IDIVALSantanderSpain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Navarra Public Health InstitutePamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Public Health Division of GipuzkoaBiodonostia Health Research InstituteDonostia‐San SebastianSpain
| | - Vicente Martín
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- The Research Group in Gene—Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS)/Institut of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de LeónLeónSpain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical SciencesArea of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de LeónLeónSpain
| | | | - Juan Alguacil
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Environmental Epidemiology and Neuroscience LaboratoryRENSMA, Huelva UniversityHuelvaSpain
| | - Victor Moreno
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, IDIBELLHospitalet de LlobregatSpain
- Catalan Institute of OncologyHospitalet de LlobregatSpain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - José Juan Jiménez‐Moleón
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of MedicineUniversity of Granada & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain
| | - Rafael Marcos‐Gragera
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS)University of GironaGironaSpain
- Unitat d'Epidemiologia i Registre de Càncer de Girona (UERCG), Pla Director d'Oncologia, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Universitat de GironaGironaSpain
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public HealthMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Beatriz Pérez‐Gómez
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of EpidemiologyInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases Unit, National Centre for EpidemiologyCarlos III Institute of HealthMadridSpain
| | - Javier Llorca
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Universidad de Cantabria—IDIVALSantanderSpain
| | - Nieves Ascunce
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Navarra Public Health InstitutePamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain
| | - Leire Gil
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Public Health Division of GipuzkoaBiodonostia Health Research InstituteDonostia‐San SebastianSpain
| | | | - Delphine Casabonne
- Unit of Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology in Infections and Cancer (UNIC‐Molecular)Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, IDIBELLHospitalet de LlobregatSpain
- Catalan Institute of OncologyHospitalet de LlobregatSpain
| | - Virginia Lope
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of EpidemiologyInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer GroupMadridSpain
| | - Marina Pollán
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center of EpidemiologyInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
- ISGlobalBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)BarcelonaSpain
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9
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Weitzer J, Laubichler MD, Birmann BM, Bertau M, Zenk L, Caniglia G, Jäger CC, Steiner G, Schernhammer E. Comment on Alley, S.J., et al. As the Pandemic Progresses, How Does Willingness to Vaccinate against COVID-19 Evolve? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 797. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18062809. [PMID: 33801986 PMCID: PMC8001093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Manfred D. Laubichler
- Complexity Science Hub, Vienna, 1080 Vienna, Austria; (M.D.L.); (C.C.J.)
- School of Complex Adaptive Systems, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
- Global Climate Forum, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Brenda M. Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Martin Bertau
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Lukas Zenk
- Department for Knowledge and Communication Management, Danube University, 3500 Krems a. d. Donau, Austria;
| | - Guido Caniglia
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria;
| | - Carlo C. Jäger
- Complexity Science Hub, Vienna, 1080 Vienna, Austria; (M.D.L.); (C.C.J.)
- Global Climate Forum, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Complexity Science Hub, Vienna, 1080 Vienna, Austria; (M.D.L.); (C.C.J.)
- Department for Knowledge and Communication Management, Danube University, 3500 Krems a. d. Donau, Austria;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Complexity Science Hub, Vienna, 1080 Vienna, Austria; (M.D.L.); (C.C.J.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (E.S.)
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Weitzer J, Gonzalez-Viana A, Pérez-Hoyos S, Coma E, Mendez L, Violan M, Rubinat M, Cabezas C. Evaluation of the Catalan Physical Activity, Sports and Health Plan: a nested case-control study. Eur J Public Health 2020; 30:1084-1090. [PMID: 32594111 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is one of the most important risk factors in modern society. Primary Health Care (PHC) interventions have been shown to be effective to increase physical activity (PA). This work evaluates the Catalan Physical Activity, Sport and Health Plan (PAFES). METHODS Nested case-control design with risk-set matching based on a retrospective cohort of 22 450 physically inactive people registered between 2010 and 2018 in the Catalan electronic medical record (EMR). Confounder adjusted conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the probability that participants who had received PA advice became active between 2010 and 2018 compared to those who did not receive it. RESULTS A lower probability to become active [odds ratio (OR) = 0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10-0.13] was found for those people who had received PA advice only once. However, the probability to become active increased for people who had received advice two or more times (two times: OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.32-1.55). A dose-response relationship was observed. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study evaluating a PA promotion real-life intervention in PHC using a large cohort based on data from an EMR with more than 2 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelina Gonzalez-Viana
- Department of Health, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ermengol Coma
- Department of Health, Sistema d'Informació dels Serveis d'Atenció Primària, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Mendez
- Department of Health, Sistema d'Informació dels Serveis d'Atenció Primària, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Violan
- Department of Presidency, General Secretary of Sport and Physical Activity, Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maica Rubinat
- Department of Presidency, General Secretary of Sport and Physical Activity, Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Cabezas
- Department of Health, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Weitzer J, Papantoniou K, Lázaro-Sebastià C, Seidel S, Klösch G, Schernhammer E. The contribution of dispositional optimism to understanding insomnia symptomatology: Findings from a cross-sectional population study in Austria. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13132. [PMID: 32638455 PMCID: PMC7900944 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Attitudes and expectations of people towards their lives are essential to future health outcomes. Growing evidence has linked dispositional optimism to beneficial health outcomes, such as exceptional longevity, healthy aging and better sleep quality. We describe the association between dispositional optimism and chronic insomnia, considering potential mediators, in the Austrian Sleep Survey (N = 1,004), a population‐based cross‐sectional study conducted in 2017. Optimism was measured using the validated Life Orientation Test‐Revised, and four different definitions were used to assess chronic insomnia. Three definitions were based on the criteria of chronic insomnia according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (3rd edn). Age‐ and multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among Austrians who were more optimistic, chronic insomnia risk was lower compared with those less optimistic (middle versus bottom tertile of optimism score: OR = 0.39, 95% CI, 0.22–0.70; and top versus bottom tertile: OR = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.14–0.54; p‐trend < .001). Results were similar for all four definitions of insomnia, and differed slightly between men and women. Happiness, depression and health status confounded the association, whereas lifestyle did not. Promoting dispositional optimism could represent a simple and accessible strategy to improve sleep quality and lower insomnia risk, with downstream beneficial health effects. Further research is needed to clarify the prevention potential of interventions targeting this mental trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stefan Seidel
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Klösch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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