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Allaire J, Lévesque B, Poirier P, Gagnon C, Auclair G, Lemire M, Ayotte P. Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in the adult Inuit population of Nunavik (northern Quebec, Canada). Can J Public Health 2024; 115:168-179. [PMID: 37155001 PMCID: PMC10830977 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-023-00774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of arterial hypertension among Inuit adults living in Nunavik (northern Quebec, Canada) in 2017 and identify its sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants. METHODS We used data obtained from 1177 Inuit adults aged ≥ 18 years who participated in the cross-sectional Qanuilirpitaa? Nunavik Inuit Health Survey during late summer-early fall of 2017. Resting blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric characteristics were measured during a clinical session, while sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits were documented using validated questionnaires. Information on current medication was retrieved from medical files. Sex-stratified population-weighted log-binomial regressions were conducted to identify determinants of hypertension, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Hypertension (systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medication) was present in 23% of the adult population and was more frequent in men than women (29% vs. 18%). About a third of hypertensive individuals (34%) were taking antihypertensive medication. These estimates are prone to biases due to the relatively low participation rate (37%). As expected, the prevalence of hypertension increased with age, but values were surprisingly elevated in 18 to 29-year-old men and women (18% and 8%, respectively) compared with 20 to 39-year-old adults of the general Canadian population (3% in both sexes, according to data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2012-2015). Hypertension was associated with obesity and alcohol consumption in both men and women, and with higher socioeconomic status among men. CONCLUSION This survey revealed a high prevalence of hypertension among young Nunavimmiut adults in 2017 and the need to improve hypertension diagnosis and treatment in the region. Curbing obesity and alcohol consumption, two actionable determinants of hypertension, will require improving food security and addressing the consequences of historical trauma linked to colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Allaire
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Benoît Lévesque
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie du Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Gagnon
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie du Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Auclair
- Inuulitsivik Health Centre, Inukjuak, QC, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lemire
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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Liang Q, Allaire J, Celiberto L, Yu H, Vallance B. A40 GUT MICROBIOTA PROMOTES NUTRIENT AVAILABLITY AND PATHOGENESIS OF AN ATTACHING/ EFFACING BACTERIAL PATHOGEN. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991097 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our gut microbiota plays an important role in protecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from invading enteric pathogens. Much of this colonization resistance is mediated by limiting nutrient availability, however, enteric pathogens have evolved strategies to subvert this competition, utilizing commensal metabolites to facilitate their infection. Access to nutrients is not only crucial for a pathogen’s metabolic fitness, but can also drive the expression of virulence factors, a process high in energy demands. In addition, enteric pathogens, such as the attaching and effacing (A/E) bacterium Citrobacter rodentium, must cross the colonic mucus layer that normally prevents their direct access to the underlying epithelium. Intestinal mucus is comprised of highly glycosylated mucins, with the sugar sialic acid frequently occupying the terminal position of their O-glycan side chains. We hypothesize that C. rodentium utilizes commensal-liberated mucin sugars, such as sialic acid, as nutrients and signals to promote its virulence. Purpose This study investigates the mechanisms by which A/E pathogens reach the colonic mucosal surface, and the role played by commensal microbes in facilitating the infection. Method Expression of virulence factors secreted by C. rodentium in the presence or absence of sialic acid was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. Next, we infected specific-pathogen free (SPF), germfree (GF), and previously GF C57Bl/6 mice mono-colonized with Bacteroides thetaotaomicron, a mucus-degrading commensal, to examine their susceptibility to C. rodentium and to measure the levels of free sialic acid in their feces. Result(s) Sensing of sialic acid by C. rodentium, was found to induce the secretion of several key virulence proteins, enhancing the pathogen’s migration across the colonic mucus layer and adhesion to the underlying epithelium. Access to sialic acid within the gut environment was enhanced in the presence of microbiota, as the levels of free sialic acid were low in GF mice. Interestingly, despite GF mice carrying very high C. rodentium burdens, passage across the mucus layer and infection of their colonic epithelium was impaired as compared to SPF mice. Notably, B. thetaotaomicron was found to degrade whole mucus in vitro, facilitating its consumption by C. rodentium for growth, while B. thetaotaomicron mono-colonized GF mice showed increased susceptibility to colonic infection by C. rodentium. Conclusion(s) We demonstrate that although commensal microbes promote colonization resistance, as an A/E pathogen infection establishes, specific commensal bacteria accelerate infection in the GI tract by releasing an important nutrient, ie. sialic acid, from mucus. Access to sialic acid promotes C. rodentium virulence by inducing the key virulence factors that facilitate its translocation across the mucus layer as well as adhesion to the epithelium, thereby expediting disease progression. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below CCC, CIHR, Other Please indicate your source of funding; CH.I.L.D. Foundation Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Liang
- Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia,Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Allaire
- The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - L Celiberto
- Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC
| | - H Yu
- Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC
| | - B Vallance
- Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC
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Vors C, Allaire J, Blanco Mejia S, Khan TA, Sievenpiper JL, Lamarche B. Reply to J Morze and L Schwingshackl. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:278-279. [PMID: 33517407 PMCID: PMC7850077 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Vors
- From the Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Janie Allaire
- From the Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tauseef A Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Vors C, Allaire J, Mejia SB, Khan TA, Sievenpiper JL, Lamarche B. Comparing the Effects of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids on Inflammation Markers Using Pairwise and Network Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:128-140. [PMID: 32790827 PMCID: PMC7850108 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) suggest that DHA may have stronger anti-inflammatory effects than EPA. This body of evidence has not yet been quantitatively reviewed. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of DHA and EPA on several markers of systemic inflammation by pairwise and network meta-analyses of RCTs. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library were searched through to September 2019. We included RCTs of ≥7 d on adults regardless of health status that directly compared the effects of DHA with EPA and RCTs of indirect comparisons, in which the effects of DHA or EPA were compared individually to a control fatty acid. Differences in circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and adiponectin were the primary outcome measures. Data were pooled by pairwise and network meta-analysis and expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I2 statistic) in the pairwise meta-analysis. Inconsistency and transitivity were evaluated in the network meta-analysis. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. Eligibility criteria were met by 5 RCTs (N = 411) for the pairwise meta-analysis and 20 RCTs (N = 1231) for the network meta-analysis. In the pairwise meta-analysis, DHA and EPA had similar effects on plasma CRP [MDDHA versus EPA = 0.14 mg/L (95% CI: -0.57, 0.85); I2 = 61%], IL-6 [MDDHA versus EPA = 0.10 pg/mL (-0.15, 0.34); I2 = 40%], and TNF-α [MDDHA versus EPA = -0.10 pg/mL (-0.37, 0.18); I2 = 40%]. In the network meta-analysis, the effects of DHA and EPA on plasma CRP [MDDHA versus EPA = -0.33 mg/L (-0.75, 0.10)], IL-6 [MDDHA versus EPA = 0.09 pg/mL (-0.12, 0.30)], and TNF-α [MDDHA versus EPA = -0.02 pg/mL (-0.25, 0.20)] were also similar. DHA and EPA had similar effects on plasma adiponectin in the network meta-analysis. Results from pairwise and network meta-analyses suggest that supplementation with either DHA or EPA does not differentially modify systemic markers of subclinical inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Vors
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Janie Allaire
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tauseef A Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Vallée Marcotte B, Allaire J, Guénard F, de Toro-Martín J, Couture P, Lamarche B, Vohl MC. Genetic risk prediction of the plasma triglyceride response to independent supplementations with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids: the ComparED Study. Genes Nutr 2020; 15:10. [PMID: 32539794 PMCID: PMC7294612 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously built a genetic risk score (GRS) highly predictive of the plasma triglyceride (TG) response to an omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) supplementation from marine sources. The objective of the present study was to test the potential of this GRS to predict the plasma TG responsiveness to supplementation with either eicosapentaenoic (EPA) or docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids in the Comparing EPA to DHA (ComparED) Study. METHODS The ComparED Study is a double-blind, controlled, crossover trial, with participants randomized to three supplemented phases of 10 weeks each: (1) 2.7 g/day of DHA, (2) 2.7 g/day of EPA, and (3) 3 g/day of corn oil (control), separated by 9-week washouts. The 31 SNPs used to build the previous GRS were genotyped in 122 participants of the ComparED Study using TaqMan technology. The GRS for each participant was computed by summing the number of rare alleles. Ordinal and binary logistic models, adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index, were used to calculate the ability of the GRS to predict TG responsiveness. RESULTS The GRS predicted TG responsiveness to EPA supplementation (p = 0.006), and a trend was observed for DHA supplementation (p = 0.08). The exclusion of participants with neutral TG responsiveness clarified the association patterns and the predictive capability of the GRS (EPA, p = 0.0003, DHA p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Results of the present study suggest that the constructed GRS is a good predictor of the plasma TG response to supplementation with either DHA or EPA. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01810003. The study protocol was registered on March 4, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Vallée Marcotte
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF)), Université Laval, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd., Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janie Allaire
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF)), Université Laval, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd., Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF)), Université Laval, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd., Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Juan de Toro-Martín
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF)), Université Laval, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd., Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF)), Université Laval, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd., Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,CHU de Québec Research Center-Endocrinology and Nephrology, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF)), Université Laval, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd., Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF)), Université Laval, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd., Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
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6
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Vors C, Allaire J, Mejia SB, Khan T, Sievenpiper J, Lamarche B. Do Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids Have Similar Effects on Inflammation Markers? Pairwise and Network Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials. Curr Dev Nutr 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of DHA and EPA on several markers of systemic inflammation by pairwise and network meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library were searched through September 2019. We included RCTs of ≥ 7 days that directly compared the effects of DHA with EPA and RCTs of indirect comparisons, in which the effects of DHA or EPA were assessed individually compared with a control fatty acid. Differences in circulating concentrations of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and adiponectin were the primary outcome. Data were pooled by pairwise and network meta-analysis and expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I2 statistic) in the pairwise meta-analysis. Inconsistency and transitivity were evaluated in the network meta-analysis. The certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation).
Results
Eligibility criteria were met by 5 RCTs (N = 411) for the pairwise meta-analysis and 20 RCTs (N = 1231) for the network meta-analysis. In the pairwise meta-analysis, DHA and EPA had similar effects on plasma CRP (MDDHA vs. EPA = 0.14 mg/L [95% CI −0.57, 0.85]; I2 = 61%), IL-6 (MDDHA vs. EPA = 0.10 pg/mL [−0.15, 0.34]; I2 = 40%) and TNF-α (MDDHA vs. EPA = −0.10 pg/mL [−0.37, 0.18]; I2 = 40%). The effects of DHA and EPA on plasma CRP (MDDHA vs. EPA = −0.33 mg/L [−0.75, 0.10]), IL-6 (MDDHA vs. EPA = 0.09 pg/mL [−0.12, 0.30]) and TNF-α (MDDHA vs. EPA = −0.02 pg/mL [−0.25, 0.20]) were also similar according to the network meta-analysis. DHA and EPA had similar effects on plasma adiponectin in the network meta-analysis.
Conclusions
The present pairwise and network meta-analyses comparing EPA to DHA suggest that DHA and EPA do not differentially modify systemic markers of subclinical inflammation.
Funding Sources
The authors have no funding to report.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tauseef Khan
- University of Toronto and St. Michael's Hospital
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Tan S, Gamaldo A, Sardina A, Andel R, Allaire J, Whitfield K. SELF-RATED HEALTH AMONG OLDER BLACKS AND PERFORMANCE ON PSYCHOMETRIC TESTS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Tan
- Pennsylvania State University
| | | | - A Sardina
- University of North Carolina Wilmington
| | - R Andel
- University of South Florida, School of Aging Studies
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Allaire J, Vors C, Tremblay AJ, Marin J, Charest A, Tchernof A, Couture P, Lamarche B. High-Dose DHA Has More Profound Effects on LDL-Related Features Than High-Dose EPA: The ComparED Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2909-2917. [PMID: 29846653 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Supplementation with high-dose docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increases serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations more than high-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The mechanisms underlying this difference are unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine the phenotypic change in LDL and mechanisms responsible for the differential LDL-C response to EPA and DHA supplementation in men and women at risk of cardiovascular disease. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTION In a double-blind, controlled, crossover study, 48 men and 106 women with abdominal obesity and subclinical inflammation were randomized to a sequence of three treatment phases: phase 1, 2.7 g/d of EPA; phase 2, 2.7 g/d of DHA; and phase 3, 3 g/d of corn oil. All supplements were provided as three 1-g capsules for a total of 3 g/d. The 10-week treatment phases were separated by a 9-week washout period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE In vivo kinetics of apolipoprotein (apo)B100-containing lipoproteins were assessed using primed-constant infusion of deuterated leucine at the end of each treatment in a subset of participants (n = 19). RESULTS Compared with EPA, DHA increased LDL-C concentrations (+3.3%; P = 0.038) and mean LDL particle size (+0.7 Å; P < 0.001) and reduced the proportion of small LDL (-3.2%; P < 0.01). Both EPA and DHA decreased proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 concentrations similarly (-18.2% vs -25.0%; P < 0.0001 vs control). Compared with EPA, DHA supplementation increased both the LDL apoB100 fractional catabolic rate (+11.4%; P = 0.008) and the production rate (+9.4%; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study have shown that supplementation with high-dose DHA increases LDL turnover and contributes to larger LDL particles compared with EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Allaire
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Cécile Vors
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - André J Tremblay
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Johanne Marin
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Amélie Charest
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie du Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Allaire J, Ben-Zvi T, Lamarche B, Robitaille K, Fradet Y, Lacombe L, Fradet V. Preoperative nutritional factors and outcomes after radical cystectomy: A narrative review. Can Urol Assoc J 2017; 11:419-424. [PMID: 29106362 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Only a few nutritional factors have been identified to predict the risk of developing complications after radical cystectomy (RC). This narrative review delineates the current known effects of preoperative nutritional status factors in this context. The report highlights the heterogeneity between study methods and results. We determined that low albuminemia values increase mortality risk and overall complications. In addition, obesity tends to increase the risk of developing venous thromboembolism and adverse events. Additional prospective studies, using standardized methods to both define and report complications, should be conducted to strengthen the connections between preoperative nutritional status factors and post-RC complications. Furthermore, intervention studies testing the impact of strategies to improve nutritional status on the risk of complications after RC are also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Allaire
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval; Quebec, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, L'Hôtel Dieu de Québec; Quebec, QC, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval; Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Tal Ben-Zvi
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval; Quebec, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, L'Hôtel Dieu de Québec; Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval; Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Robitaille
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, L'Hôtel Dieu de Québec; Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval; Quebec, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, L'Hôtel Dieu de Québec; Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval; Quebec, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, L'Hôtel Dieu de Québec; Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Department of Surgery, Université Laval; Quebec, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, L'Hôtel Dieu de Québec; Quebec, QC, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval; Quebec, QC, Canada
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Allaire J, Ben-Zvi T, Lamarche B, Robitaille K, Fradet Y, Lacombe L, Fradet V. Supplementary data: Preoperative nutritional factors and outcomes after radical cystectomy: A narrative review. Can Urol Assoc J 2017. [DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.5102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Allaire J, Léger C, Ben-Zvi T, Nguilé-Makao M, Fradet Y, Lacombe L, Fradet V. Prospective Evaluation of Nutritional Factors to Predict the Risk of Complications for Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy: A Cohort Study. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1196-1204. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1367941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janie Allaire
- Department of Surgery, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, Canada
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Léger
- Department of Surgery, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, Canada
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Tal Ben-Zvi
- Department of Surgery, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, Canada
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Molière Nguilé-Makao
- Department of Surgery, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, Canada
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Department of Surgery, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, Canada
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Department of Surgery, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, Canada
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Department of Surgery, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, Canada
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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Zhang S, Gamaldo A, Allaire J. EXAMINING THE WITHIN-PERSON COUPLING OF CONTROL BELIEFS AND COGNITION IN OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Zhang
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina,
| | - A. Gamaldo
- Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - J. Allaire
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina,
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We provide here an up-to-date perspective on the potential use of LDL particle number and size as complementary risk factors to predict and manage cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the clinical realm. RECENT FINDINGS Studies show that a significant proportion of the population has discordant LDL particle number and cholesterol indices [non-HDL cholesterol (HDL-C)]. Data also show that risk prediction may be improved when using information on LDL particle number in patients with discordant particle number and cholesterol data. Yet, most of the current CVD guidelines conclude that LDL particle number is not superior to cholesterol indices, including non-HDL-C concentrations, in predicting CVD risk. LDL particle size, on the other hand, has not been independently associated with CVD risk after adjustment for other risk factors such as LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-C and that routine use of information pertaining to particle size to determine and manage patients' risk is not yet justified. SUMMARY Additional studies are required to settle the debate on which of cholesterol indices and LDL particle number is the best predictor of CVD risk, and if such measures should be integrated in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Allaire
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
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Allaire J, Harris WS, Vors C, Charest A, Marin J, Jackson KH, Tchernof A, Couture P, Lamarche B. Supplementation with high-dose docosahexaenoic acid increases the Omega-3 Index more than high-dose eicosapentaenoic acid. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 120:8-14. [PMID: 28515020 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids have distinct effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. The Omega-3 Index (O3I), which is calculated as the proportion of EPA and DHA in red blood cell (RBC) membranes, has been inversely associated with the risk of coronary heart diseases and coronary mortality. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of EPA and DHA supplementation on the O3I in men and women with abdominal obesity and subclinical inflammation. METHODS In a double-blind controlled crossover study, 48 men and 106 women with abdominal obesity and subclinical inflammation were randomized to a sequence of three treatment phases: 1-2.7g/d of EPA, 2-2.7g/d of DHA, and 3-3g/d of corn oil (0g of EPA+DHA). All supplements were provided as 3×1g capsules for a total of 3g/d. The 10-week treatment phases were separated by nine-week washouts. RBC membrane fatty acid composition and O3I were assessed at baseline and the end of each phase. Differences in O3I between treatments were assessed using mixed models for repeated measures. RESULTS The increase in the O3I after supplementation with DHA (+5.6% compared with control, P<0.0001) was significantly greater than after EPA (+3.3% compared with control, P<0.0001; DHA vs. EPA, P<0.0001). Compared to control, DHA supplementation decreased (-0.8%, P<0.0001) while EPA increased (+2.5%, P<0.0001) proportion of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in RBCs (DHA vs. EPA, P<0.0001). The baseline O3I was higher in women than in men (6.3% vs. 5.8%, P=0.011). The difference between DHA and EPA in increasing the O3I tended to be higher in men than in women (+2.6% vs. +2.2% respectively, P for the treatment by sex interaction=0.0537). CONCLUSIONS The increase in the O3I is greater with high dose DHA supplementation than with high dose EPA, which is consistent with the greater potency of DHA to modulate cardiometabolic risk factors. The extent to which such differences between EPA and DHA in increasing the O3I relates to long-term cardiovascular risk needs to be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Allaire
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - William S Harris
- Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States; OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Cécile Vors
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Amélie Charest
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Johanne Marin
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - André Tchernof
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Institut universitaire de cardiologique et de pneumologie du Québec (IUCPQ), Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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Brassard D, Tessier-Grenier M, Allaire J, Rajendiran E, She Y, Ramprasath V, Gigleux I, Talbot D, Levy E, Tremblay A, Jones PJ, Couture P, Lamarche B. Comparison of the impact of SFAs from cheese and butter on cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:800-809. [PMID: 28251937 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.150300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Controversies persist concerning the association between intake of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and cardiovascular disease risk.Objective: We compared the impact of consuming equal amounts of SFAs from cheese and butter on cardiometabolic risk factors.Design: In a multicenter, crossover, randomized controlled trial, 92 men and women with abdominal obesity and relatively low HDL-cholesterol concentrations were assigned to sequences of 5 predetermined isoenergetic diets of 4 wk each separated by 4-wk washouts: 2 diets rich in SFAs (12.4-12.6% of calories) from either cheese or butter; a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich diet (SFAs: 5.8%, MUFAs: 19.6%); a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich diet (SFAs: 5.8%, PUFAs: 11.5%); and a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (fat: 25%, SFAs: 5.8%).Results: Serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations were similar after the cheese and butter diets but were significantly higher than after the carbohydrate diet (+3.8% and +4.7%, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). LDL-cholesterol concentrations after the cheese diet were lower than after the butter diet (-3.3%, P < 0.05) but were higher than after the carbohydrate (+2.6%), MUFA (+5.3%), and PUFA (+12.3%) diets (P < 0.05 for all). LDL-cholesterol concentrations after the butter diet also increased significantly (from +6.1% to +16.2%, P < 0.05) compared with the carbohydrate, MUFA, and PUFA diets. The LDL-cholesterol response to treatment was significantly modified by baseline values (P-interaction = 0.02), with the increase in LDL cholesterol being significantly greater with butter than with cheese only among individuals with high baseline LDL-cholesterol concentrations. There was no significant difference between all diets on inflammation markers, blood pressure, and insulin-glucose homeostasis.Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that the consumption of SFAs from cheese and butter has similar effects on HDL cholesterol but differentially modifies LDL-cholesterol concentrations compared with the effects of carbohydrates, MUFAs, and PUFAs, particularly in individuals with high LDL cholesterol. In contrast, SFAs from either cheese or butter have no significant effects on several other nonlipid cardiometabolic risk factors. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02106208.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Brassard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods.,School of Nutrition
| | | | - Janie Allaire
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods.,School of Nutrition
| | - Ethendhar Rajendiran
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and
| | - Yongbo She
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and
| | - Vanu Ramprasath
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and
| | - Iris Gigleux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods.,School of Nutrition
| | | | - Emile Levy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Peter Jh Jones
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, .,School of Nutrition
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Vors C, Johanne M, Allaire J, Tchernof A, Couture P, Lamarche B. Comparison of the Impact of High‐Dose DHA and EPA Supplementation on the Intravascular Kinetics of Very‐Low Density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein C‐III. FASEB J 2017. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.971.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Allaire J, Couture P, Leclerc M, Charest A, Marin J, Lépine MC, Talbot D, Tchernof A, Lamarche B. A randomized, crossover, head-to-head comparison of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation to reduce inflammation markers in men and women: the Comparing EPA to DHA (ComparED) Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:280-7. [PMID: 27281302 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.131896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, most studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in humans have used a mixture of the 2 fatty acids in various forms and proportions. OBJECTIVES We compared the effects of EPA supplementation with those of DHA supplementation (re-esterified triacylglycerol; 90% pure) on inflammation markers (primary outcome) and blood lipids (secondary outcome) in men and women at risk of cardiovascular disease. DESIGN In a double-blind, randomized, crossover, controlled study, healthy men (n = 48) and women (n = 106) with abdominal obesity and low-grade systemic inflammation consumed 3 g/d of the following supplements for periods of 10 wk: 1) EPA (2.7 g/d), 2) DHA (2.7 g/d), and 3) corn oil as a control with each supplementation separated by a 9-wk washout period. Primary analyses assessed the difference in cardiometabolic outcomes between EPA and DHA. RESULTS Supplementation with DHA compared with supplementation with EPA led to a greater reduction in interleukin-18 (IL-18) (-7.0% ± 2.8% compared with -0.5% ± 3.0%, respectively; P = 0.01) and a greater increase in adiponectin (3.1% ± 1.6% compared with -1.2% ± 1.7%, respectively; P < 0.001). Between DHA and EPA, changes in CRP (-7.9% ± 5.0% compared with -1.8% ± 6.5%, respectively; P = 0.25), IL-6 (-12.0% ± 7.0% compared with -13.4% ± 7.0%, respectively; P = 0.86), and tumor necrosis factor-α (-14.8% ± 5.1% compared with -7.6% ± 10.2%, respectively; P = 0.63) were NS. DHA compared with EPA led to more pronounced reductions in triglycerides (-13.3% ± 2.3% compared with -11.9% ± 2.2%, respectively; P = 0.005) and the cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (-2.5% ± 1.3% compared with 0.3% ± 1.1%, respectively; P = 0.006) and greater increases in HDL cholesterol (7.6% ± 1.4% compared with -0.7% ± 1.1%, respectively; P < 0.0001) and LDL cholesterol (6.9% ± 1.8% compared with 2.2% ± 1.6%, respectively; P = 0.04). The increase in LDL-cholesterol concentrations for DHA compared with EPA was significant in men but not in women (P-treatment × sex interaction = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS DHA is more effective than EPA in modulating specific markers of inflammation as well as blood lipids. Additional studies are needed to determine the effect of a long-term DHA supplementation per se on cardiovascular disease risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01810003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Allaire
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Pavillon des Services
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Pavillon des Services, University Hospital Center (CHU) of Québec Research Center, and
| | - Myriam Leclerc
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Pavillon des Services
| | - Amélie Charest
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Pavillon des Services
| | - Johanne Marin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Pavillon des Services
| | | | - Denis Talbot
- University Hospital Center (CHU) of Québec Research Center, and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - André Tchernof
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Pavillon des Services, University Hospital Center (CHU) of Québec Research Center, and Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Pavillon des Services,
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18
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Allaire J, Moreel X, Labonté MÈ, Léger C, Caron A, Julien P, Lamarche B, Fradet V. Validation of the omega-3 fatty acid intake measured by a web-based food frequency questionnaire against omega-3 fatty acids in red blood cells in men with prostate cancer. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:1004-8. [PMID: 25758837 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a web-based self-administered food frequency questionnaire (web-FFQ) to assess the omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids (FAs) intake of men affected with prostate cancer (PCa) against a biomarker. SUBJECTS/METHODS The study presented herein is a sub-study from a phase II clinical trial. Enrolled patients afflicted with PCa were included in the sub-study analysis if the FA profiles from the red blood cell (RBC) membranes and FA intakes at baseline were both determined at the time of the data analysis (n=60). Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to estimate the correlations between FA intakes and their proportions in the RBC membranes. RESULTS Intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were highly correlated with their respective proportions in the RBC membranes (both rs=0.593, P<0.0001). Correlation between alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) intake and its proportion in RBC was not significant (rs=0.130, P=0.332). Correlations were observed between fatty fish intake and total ω-3 FAs (rs=0.304, P=0.02), total long-chain ω-3 FAs (rs=0.290, P=0.03) and DHA (rs=0.328, P=0.01) in RBC membranes. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that the web-FFQ is an accurate tool to assess total long-chain ω-3 FAs, EPA and DHA but not ALA intake in clinical trials and epidemiological studies carried out in men with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Allaire
- Department of Surgery (Urology), CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec City, Canada.,CHU de Québec, Research Center, Oncology Axis, CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - X Moreel
- Department of Surgery (Urology), CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec City, Canada.,CHU de Québec, Research Center, Oncology Axis, CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - M-È Labonté
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - C Léger
- Department of Surgery (Urology), CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec City, Canada.,CHU de Québec, Research Center, Oncology Axis, CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - A Caron
- Department of Surgery (Urology), CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec City, Canada.,CHU de Québec, Research Center, Oncology Axis, CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - P Julien
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - B Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - V Fradet
- Department of Surgery (Urology), CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec City, Canada.,CHU de Québec, Research Center, Oncology Axis, CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
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Moreel X, Allaire J, Léger C, Caron A, Labonté MÈ, Lamarche B, Julien P, Desmeules P, Têtu B, Fradet V. Prostatic and dietary omega-3 fatty acids and prostate cancer progression during active surveillance. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:766-76. [PMID: 24824038 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The association between omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids and prostate cancer has been widely studied. However, little is known about the impact of prostate tissue fatty acid content on prostate cancer progression. We hypothesized that compared with the estimated dietary ω-3 fatty acids intake and the ω-3 fatty acids levels measured in red blood cells (RBC), the prostate tissue ω-3 fatty acid content is more strongly related to prostate cancer progression. We present the initial observations from baseline data of a phase II clinical trial conducted in a cohort of 48 untreated men affected with low-risk prostate cancer, managed under active surveillance. These men underwent a first repeat biopsy session within 6 months after the initial diagnosis of low-risk prostate cancer, at which time 29% of the men had progressed from a Gleason score of 6 to a Gleason score of 7. At the first repeat biopsy session, fatty acid levels were assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire, and determined in the RBC and in the prostate tissue biopsy. We found that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer progression when measured directly in the prostate tissue. Thus, this initial interim study analysis suggests that prostate tissue ω-3 fatty acids, especially EPA, may be protective against prostate cancer progression in men with low-risk prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Moreel
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Surgery (Urology), CHU de Québec-L'Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec, Canada and CHU de Quebec Research Center, Oncology Axis, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janie Allaire
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Surgery (Urology), CHU de Québec-L'Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec, Canada and CHU de Quebec Research Center, Oncology Axis, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Léger
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Surgery (Urology), CHU de Québec-L'Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec, Canada and CHU de Quebec Research Center, Oncology Axis, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Caron
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Surgery (Urology), CHU de Québec-L'Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec, Canada and CHU de Quebec Research Center, Oncology Axis, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Labonté
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- CHU de Quebec Research Center, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Laval University, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Patrice Desmeules
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Quebec-Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, Quebec, Canada and CHU de Quebec Research Center, Oncology Axis, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernard Têtu
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Quebec-Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, Quebec, Canada and CHU de Quebec Research Center, Oncology Axis, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Surgery (Urology), CHU de Québec-L'Hôtel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec, Canada and CHU de Quebec Research Center, Oncology Axis, Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada;
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Allaire J, Maltais F, Doyon JF, Noël M, LeBlanc P, Carrier G, Simard C, Jobin J. Peripheral muscle endurance and the oxidative profile of the quadriceps in patients with COPD. Thorax 2004; 59:673-8. [PMID: 15282387 PMCID: PMC1747097 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2003.020636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on previously reported changes in muscle metabolism that could increase susceptibility to fatigue, we speculated that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have reduced quadriceps endurance and that this will be correlated with the proportion of type I muscle fibres and with the activity of oxidative enzymes. METHODS The endurance of the quadriceps was evaluated during an isometric contraction in 29 patients with COPD (mean (SE) age 65 (1) years; forced expiratory volume in 1 second 37 (3)% predicted) and 18 healthy subjects of similar age. The electrical activity of the quadriceps was recorded during muscle contraction as an objective index of fatigue. The time at which the isometric contraction at 60% of maximal voluntary capacity could no longer be sustained was used to define time to fatigue (Tf). Needle biopsies of the quadriceps were performed in 16 subjects in both groups to evaluate possible relationships between Tf and markers of muscle oxidative metabolism (type I fibre proportion and citrate synthase activity). RESULTS Tf was lower in patients with COPD than in controls (42 (3) v 80 (7) seconds; mean difference 38 seconds (95% CI 25 to 50), p<0.001). Subjects in both groups had evidence of electrical muscle fatigue at the end of the endurance test. In both groups significant correlations were found between Tf and the proportion of type I fibres and citrate synthase activity. CONCLUSION Isometric endurance of the quadriceps muscle is reduced in patients with COPD and the muscle oxidative profile is significantly correlated with muscle endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Allaire
- Centre de recherches cliniques, Hôpital Laval, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Ste-Foy, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
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21
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Allaire J, Doyon JF, Maltais F, No??l M, Leblanc P, Simard C, Jobin J. TIME TO FATIGUE. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002. [DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200205001-01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hamelin BA, Bouayad A, Méthot J, Jobin J, Desgagnés P, Poirier P, Allaire J, Dumesnil J, Turgeon J. Significant interaction between the nonprescription antihistamine diphenhydramine and the CYP2D6 substrate metoprolol in healthy men with high or low CYP2D6 activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000; 67:466-77. [PMID: 10824625 DOI: 10.1067/mcp.2000.106464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prototype "classic" over-the-counter antihistamine diphenhydramine was shown to interact with the polymorphic P450 enzyme CYP2D6. This project was undertaken to investigate (1) whether diphenhydramine inhibits the biotransformation of the clinically relevant CYP2D6 substrate metoprolol in vitro and (2) whether this in vitro interaction results in a clinically significant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interaction in vivo. In vitro incubations were carried out with microsomes obtained from lymphoblastic cells transfected with CYP2D6 complementary deoxyribonucleic acid to determine the type and extent of inhibition. We then randomized 16 subjects with genetically determined high (extensive metabolizers) or low (poor metabolizers) CYP2D6 activity to receive metoprolol (100 mg) in the presence of steady-state concentrations of diphenhydramine or placebo. In vitro, diphenhydramine was a potent competitive inhibitor of metoprolol alpha-hydroxylation, exhibiting an inhibitory constant of 2 micromol/L and increasing the Michaelis-Menten constant of metoprolol sixfold. In vivo, diphenhydramine decreased metoprolol oral and nonrenal clearances twofold and metoprolol-->alpha-hydroxymetoprolol partial metabolic clearance 2.5-fold in extensive metabolizers (all P < .05) but not in poor metabolizers (P > .2). Although the hemodynamic response to metoprolol was unaltered by diphenhydramine in poor metabolizers (P > .05), metoprolol-related effects on heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and Doppler-derived aortic blood flow peak velocity were more pronounced and lasted significantly longer in extensive metabolizers receiving diphenhydramine compared with poor metabolizers and extensive metabolizers receiving placebo. We conclude that diphenhydramine inhibits the metabolism of metoprolol in extensive metabolizers, thereby prolonging the negative chronotropic and inotropic effects of the drug. Clinically relevant drug interactions may occur between diphenhydramine and many CYP2D6 substrates, particularly those with a narrow therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Hamelin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec Heart Institute, Laval Hospital, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada.
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Abstract
Although screening flexible sigmoidoscopy is associated with a significant decrease in colorectal cancer mortality, less than 50% of eligible Americans have had a sigmoidoscopy. As the United States population ages, over 50 million Americans will be eligible for colorectal cancer screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy. The projected increase in a population eligible for screening is expected to increase demand for this procedure and may result in overwhelming currently available endoscopic resources. Gastroenterology nurses should actively seek training to perform flexible sigmoidoscopy to accommodate this increased demand. Current barriers to nurse-performed sigmoidoscopy are prohibitions by state Boards of Nursing and lack of procedural reimbursement for nurse endoscopists performing flexible sigmoidoscopy. The lack of research about the effectiveness of this practice is a contributing factor to the hindrances in the development of this nursing role. This review outlines research about the effectiveness of flexible sigmoidoscopy by nurses, legal and reimbursement issues, and details the scope of training programs used by institutions with nurse endoscopists.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schoenfeld
- Division of Gastroenterology, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20889, USA
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Le Dorze G, Brassard C, Larfeuil C, Allaire J. Auditory comprehension problems in aphasia from the perspective of aphasic persons and their families and friends. Disabil Rehabil 1996; 18:550-8. [PMID: 9233852 DOI: 10.3109/09638289609166316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study explored with a qualitative approach the experience of auditory comprehension problems from the perspective aphasic persons and their families and friends. Semi-structured group interviews were held with 55 persons (29 aphasic and 26 non-aphasic) who were asked to describe the consequences of aphasia on their lives. Most participants contributed some material to the topic of interest. They described problematic situations, and the behaviours they said they adopted at those times; they also provided explanations of what their problems were. Some discrepancies between aphasic persons and their families and friends were also noted. The essential elements of the experience of an auditory comprehension problem centre around speakers' rate of speech and situations in which aphasic persons feel they are incapable of understanding or of following because of an unfavourable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Le Dorze
- Equipe de recherche en orthophonie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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25
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Brodeur C, Prévost AP, Boudrias P, Hélie P, deGrandmont P, Allaire J. [The butterfly bridge: causes of debonding, 18 years clinical observation]. J Dent Que 1990; 27:217-24. [PMID: 2203836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For 18 years, the acid-etched bridge has been put to good use. Clinical observations over this period of time allow us to take a step back and review this conservative technique. Using the results of clinical research, this article aims to evaluate the performance and basic principles relative to the acid-etched bridge. The primary and secondary causes of debonding are also identified.
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